SOLVED EXAMPLES

ramplcson Determining the moment of resistance of T-beam section

find the moment of resistance of a T-beam
Exarmple 8.1
flange having a web width of 2A0 mm, efective
width of 740 mmn and flange thickness equal
r400mm,
depthof. to 100 mm. The beamis reinforced
5-16 mm diameter,
Fe. 415 bars. Use M20
ith concrete.
solution. Given: b, = 240mm, d= 400 mm
b = 740 mm D, = 100 mm
A.,st = 5x×16 =1005.3 mm
4
fa =20 N/mm
,= 415 N/mm2

Assuming the neutral axis to fallin the flange

= 0.87fy.Ast 0.87 x 415 × 1005.3

0.36 fob 0.36 × 20 × 740

x, = 68.1l mm < D, hence, N.A. lies in the flange.

moy = 0.48d = 0.48 x 400 = 192 mm
x,, umax [Table S.2)
X,< Xu max hence, the section is under-reinforced.

Moment of resistance (M,)

Asfy
M, =0.875,-Aydb,.d fa
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Reinforced Cement
Concrete Deesigr
= 0.87 x 415x 1005.3 x 1005.3x 415
740 x 400 × 20
=134953789.7 Nmm
M, = 134.95 kNm
I Example 8.2. A T-beam floor system has 120 mm thick slab supported on
beam is 300 mm and effective depth is 580 mm. The beam is reinforced with 8barsbeams.
of 20
The
width of
mm
Thedieffect
ameter.
Use M20 grade of concrete and Fe 415 steel. The beams are spaced 3 m centre of centre.
span of beam is 3.6 m.
Solution. Given: b, = 300 mm d = 580 mm
ive
A.,, = 8xx
4
20 = 2513 mm?
D= 120 mm L= 3.6 m=3600 mm
Effective width et flange (b)

6-+ b, +6D,
l, =l=3.6 m
3600
[Simply supported beam]
b,= 6
+300 +6x 120=1620 mm
Clear span of the slab to the left and right of beam
= 3000-300 = 2700 mm
b, >0.5(L +L) +b,,
b, >0.5 (2700 +2700) + 300
b 3000 mm
b,= 1620 mm
Depth of neutral axis (r,)
Assuming neutral axis to fall in the flange
0.87f, . A 0.87 x 415 x 2513
0.36fa b 0.36 x 20x 1620
x, = 77.8 mm < D,. Hence, N.A. lies in the flange
u max = 0,48d=0.48 x 580
=278.4 mm >x,, hence, it is an
underreinforced section.
Moment of resistance (M)

M Afy
byd. fa
= 0.87 x 415 x 2513 x 580 2513 x415
1620 x 580 × 20
M, =496.61 x 10 Nmm
M, = 496.61 kNm
-Beoms 215
Example 8.3. An isolated
thicknessof1120 mm. simply supported T-heam has a flange width of 2400 mm and fiange
The effective
width300 mm. It is reinforced withspan
8-20 ofmm
beamn is 3.6 Fe
diameter m. 415
The bars. depth ofthebeam
Determine
effective is 580 ofmm
moment and its
resistance
ofthe section. Use M20 concrete.
Solution. Given: = 2400
b, = 300 mm D, =120 mm
d = 580mm
A_t = 8xx 222 = 3041 mm'
4 fe = 20 N/mm
S, = 415 N/mm
I =3.6 m=3600 mm
Effective width of flange (b)

b,= + bw [Isolated beam]

lo +4

lo =l=3600 mm
[For simply supported beam]
3600
b,= 3600
+ 300 =954.54 mm < actual width (b=2400 mm)
+4
2400

b=954.54 mm
Depth of neutral axis (r,)
Assuming neutral axis lies in the flange
0.87f, · Ast 0.87 x 415 x 3041
= 159.75 mm > D
0.36fok -b 0.36 × 20 × 954.54
Hence, over assumption was wrong.
The value of x, is slightly more than D. Therefore, it may be the case:
D, >#
D >0.43
The depth of neutral axis can be found by using eqn. (v),
0.36feab,X, +0.45feY, (b, - b,,) = 0.87 fy .Ast
0.36 × 20 x 300x, +0.45 x 20 × Y, (954.54-300) =0.87 x 415 x 3041
2160 x, + 5890.94 Y, = 1097953
Y,= 0.15x, +0.65 D, =0.15x, +0.65 x120
Y,= 0.15x, +78
2160x, + 5890.94(0.15x, + 78) = 1097953
2160x, + 883.64x, + 459493.32 = 1097953
3043.64x, = 638459.68
= 209.76 mm
3
G = x209.76= 90.2 mm <D,
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Reinforced Cement
hence our assumption was cotrcct,
Ipumar 0.48d =0.48 x 580 = 278.4 mm
conerete Dein
Iu m > , hence the section is under reinforced.
Y, = 0.15 x 209.76 + 0.65 x 120 = 109.46 mm
Moment of resistance of thesection (M,)
As per para G2.3 of IS code or eqn. (vi), the moment of resistance is given by:

M, =0.36 +0.45fa (b, - b,) Y, d 2

= 0.36x 209.76 0.42 x 209.76

580
x 20× 300x 580+0.45
580

x 20 (954.54 300) x
109,46| 580- 109 46
= 222871201.5 + 339629493.5 = 56250069S Nmm
M, = 562.5 KNm
Example 8.4. Detefmine the moment of resistance ofthe section in above
reinforcement is equal to 12bars of 22 mm diameter. example, if the area of
Solution. A,,= 12 x4 x222 =4561.6 mm?
I Depth of neutral axis ()
Assuming neutral axis falls in the flange
0.87 f, .A, 0.87 x 415 x 4561.6
0.36 fa .b 0.36 × 20 x 954.54
X, = 239.64 mm > D;
Hence, our assumption is wrong. Since the values of x, comes out to be
3 much more than D,, it may be a
case of D,<,å. The deptth of neutral axis of this section is determined by Eq.
(iii) as follows :
0.36fek .b, .x, +0.45fe (b,-b,)D, = 0.87fy.A
0.36 x 20 x300 xI, +0.45 x 20 (954.54 - 300) × 120 =0.87 x 415 x
4561.6
2160x, + 706903.2 = 1646965.68
2160x, = 940062.48
x, = 435.21 mm > D,
3
7
x 435.21 =186.5 > D;
Hence, our assumption is correct.
u max = 0,48d=0,48 x 580 = 278.4 mm
u umax" Hence, the section is over reinforced.
As per code, the moment of resistance of such section is limited to
M, im for x, = å max
120
d 580
=0.2, M, is given by Eq. () [G2.2 of IS code]
 217
ams

M, = 0.36xmax
d
0.42 Xmax
d

278.4 0.42 × 278.4

M, = 0.36 x 580 x 20 x 300 x 5802
580

+0.45 x 20 x(954.54 - 300) x 120o 580 - 2

M.. = 278465568.8 + 367589664
M, = 646055232.8 Nmm
M, = 646.05 kNm

Example 8.5. Determine the limiting moment of resistance and limiting: area of steel for a reinforced
ncrete T-beam having flange width of 1600 mm, effective depth of 350 mm and Ithickness of flange is
Omm. The width of web is 250 mm. Use M20 grade of concrete and Fe 500 steel.

blution. Given: b= 1600 mm d =350 mm

D, = 100 mm b,, = 250 mm
J = 20 N/mm f, =500 N/mm
Limiting depth of neutral axis ( ma)
u max 0.46d [for Fe 500, Table 4.2]
= 0.46 x 350
Mu max = 161 mm

100
d 350
=0.28 > 0.2. Since
d
>0.2, it is the case G2.2.1 of IS code
Y,= 0.15 x ma +0.65D,= 0.15x 161 +0.65 x 100
Y,= 89.15 mm
Limiting moment of resistance M, im)
umax = 0.46

0.36 xåmax 1-0.42 umax

Mlim d |ab,a +0.45fa (o,
= 0.36x 0.46(1 -0.42 x 0.46)20x 250× 350

+0.45 x20(1600 -250)x89.1s| 350 -89.15

2
= 81833724 + 330827960.8
= 412661684.8 Nmm = 412.66 kNm

I Limiting area of steel (A lim

It can be found by equating total compression and total tension
Total compression = 0.36f .by umax +0.45fa (b, -b,)Yf
Total tension = 0.87f,.Astim
Total compression = Total tension
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0.36f4 b .Npmax +O.45 fa (by - B,)Y, = 0.87f, .A, im Reinforced Cement

A lim
0.36f b,å .Xåmax +0.45 Je (b,-b, )Y, Concrete Desior
0.87 f,
0.36 x 20 × 250 ×161 + 0.45 × 20 (1600
0.87 x500 -250) x89.15
Astlim 3156.25 mm?

8.4. DOUBLY REINFORCED T-BEAM

In a doubly reinforced T-beam, the total
compression consist of two Darts:
(1) Compression taken by concrete (C,)
(2) Compression taken by steel (C,)
Case 1. Neutral Axis Lies in the Flange
This case is similar to a doubly reinforced rectangular beam of
formula derived in Chapter-7 are applicable for this case. width b, and depth d. So all
0.87f, A -fse - f)Age the
0.36 fob
M, = 0.36 foebx, (d -0.42x,) +e- foc
)Ae (d - d')
Case 2. Neutral Axis Lies in Web

(a) s2.0,the depth of rectangular portion of stress

d block is greater than the depth of flange
Compression taken by concrete = 0.36fokb,,y +0.446 fok (b,-b,)D,
Compression taken by steel = Ch=fe Age - focAe
Total tension = Total compression
0.87f, A,, = 0.36fseby +0.446fo (b, -b,)D, +(e -fe)Ae
0.87f,A, -0.446fek (b, -b, )D, -Se -See)Age
0.36fo b,
Moment of resistance, M, = 0.36fab, (d -0.42x,)+ 0.446fa (b, - b, )D, d D
2

+Ge -fc)Ae(d -d')

(6) > 0.2, the depth of rectangular portion of stress block is less than the depth of tange
In this case the thickness of flange of T beam is assumed as Y; for calculations and over this
h Y, the average compressive stress i.e., 0.446f, is assumed to be uniform.
Y,=0.15*, +0.65D, and Y,> D
0.87f,A, -0.446fee(b, -b, )Y, -fse-fee)A,e
0.36 foaby