International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM),

ISSN: 2455-6211, Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2023, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

An Alternative Approach to Use Marble Powder & Fly

Ash as Partial Replacement of Natural Fine Aggregate
in Concrete
Dr. Rambha Thakur1, Kaptan Singh2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Rattan Institute of Technology and Management,
Haryana, India
2
Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Rattan Institute of Technology and Management,
Haryana, India

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ABSTRACT

Due to excess cost of transportation from natural sources natural sand is expensive& large scale depletion of
these sources creates environmental problems. A substitute or replacement product for concrete industry needs
to be found because environment, transportation and other constraints make the availability and use of natural
sand less feasible in mix design. Natural sand used as fine aggregates in production of concrete poses the
problem of acute shortage in all parts of country. In this study, the possibility of using fly ash & marble powder
in concrete production was examined by studying the effects of blending of fly ash &marble powder with
natural sand on the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. This study represents the results of
experimental investigation carried out to determine compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete
mixes i.e. M25 & M30 in which natural sand was partially replaced with varying percentage of fly ash & marble
powder in equal amount ranging from 2.5% to 15% of natural sand by weight. A total of eighteen trial mixes
along with universal & compatibility mix were prepared for both grades of concrete. The tests for compressive
strength and flexural strength were conducted for each mix at 7 & 28 days and 28 days respectively. Test results
indicated significant increment in the strength of concrete with addition of fly ash & marble powder up to a
certain percentage replacement of natural sand. However after further increasing the percentage of marble
powder & fly ash, a drop in strength of concrete was noted. The concrete technology become advanced which
wants to reduce the consumption of natural sources & to improve the quality of environment by using the waste
generated from thermal plants & industries.

INTRODUCTION

Concrete is a material synonymous with strength and longevity. It has emerged as the dominant construction material
for the infrastructure needs of the twenty-first century. In addition to being durable, concrete is easily prepared and
fabricated from readily available constituents and is therefore widely used in all types of structural systems.

The challenge for the civil engineering community in the near future is to realize projects in harmony with the concept
of sustainable development and this involves the use of high performance material sand products manufactured at
reasonable cost with the lowest possible environmental impact. Fly Ash & Marble Powder have advantages and
disadvantages over natural sand. They are easily available and in cheaper rates remunerating a cost effective project.

Their use also protects delicate fluvial environments from disruption due to sand mining. Environmental limitation has
restricted dredging of rivers beds for sand. According to IS 1489, fly ash is used up to 35% in place of Cement. A lot of
research has already done on replacement of cement or sand by fly ash but there is very few research on replacement of
cement or sand by marble powder. Fly Ash is more common in concrete structure work due to environmental problem.

The continuous reduction of natural resources and the environmental hazards posed by the disposal of fly ash has
reached alarming proportion such that the use of fly ash in concrete manufacture is a necessity than a desire. The use of
fly ash in normal strength concrete is a new dimension in concrete mix design and if applied on large scale would
revolutionize the construction industry, by economizing the construction cost and decreasing the ash content.

Marble has been commonly used as a building material since the ancient times. Rajasthan produces over 95% of the
marble produced in India. That is why Rajasthan is the State of India for stone based product. The industry’s disposal
of the marble powder material, consisting of very fine powder, today constitutes one of the environmental problems
around the world.

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM),
ISSN: 2455-6211, Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2023, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

LITERATURE REVIEW

T. Bakoshi, K. Kohno, S. Kawasaki, N. Yamaji (1998) used bottom ash in amounts of 10– 40% as replacement for fine
aggregate in their practical work. Their test results indicate that the compressive strength and tensile strength of bottom
ash concrete generally increases with the increase in replacement ratio of fine aggregate and curing age.

J. Chaiand & C. Raungrut (2003) reported that bottom ash has a high potential to develop to be a good pozzolanic
material.

Rafat S. (2003) carried out a detailed investigation about mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine
aggregate was partially replaced with five percentages i.e.10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% with class F fly ash by
weight. He has studied Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity.

Valeria Carinaldes, Giacomo Moriconi &Tarun R. Naik (2005) have studied on(i) mortar in which fine aggregate is
partially replaced by marble powder (ii) mortar in which cement is partially replaced by marble powder, with or
without admixture. To obtain the effect of marble powder on mechanical behaviour, different mortar mixture were
prepared with sand to cement ratio of 3:1 at the same workability. Results obtained from tests show that 10%
substitution of sand by the marble powder in the presence of a super-plasticizing admixture provided maximum
compressive strength.

Aggarwal P. and Aggarwal Y. (2007) have studied mechanical properties like compressive strength, split tensile
strength and flexural strength at 7, 28, 56 & 90 days in which fine aggregate was partially replaced with five
percentages i.e.10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% with bottom ash by weight.

Hameed and Sekar (2009) reported that marble dust can be used either to produce new products or as an admixture so
that the natural sources are used more efficiently and the environment is saved from dumpsites of marble waste.

Hisyam, Mohd. S. and Fadhluhartini M. (2010) reported that Sieve analysis conducted on washed bottom ash is more
suitable for mortar rather than concreting sand.

H.K. Kim and H.K. Lee (2011) detailed experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the effect of fine and coarse
bottom ash on the flow characteristics and density of concrete mixture and found that both of fine and coarse bottom
ash aggregates had more influence on flexural strength than compressive strength.

Jayesh Kumar Pitroda, Nutan Patel & Amit Raval (2013) used waste marble powder as replacement for fine aggregate
in their practical work. They have designed M30 grade of concrete and then partially replacing fine aggregate with
waste marble powder in range from 5 to 20%. They reported that the compressive strength of concrete mix with marble
powder was 5- 10% higher than the reference concrete up to 15% replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder.

Experimental Program
Material for Experimental Investigation

Coarse Aggregate
In this experimental program two size of coarse aggregate is used

a) 20mm coarse aggregate

b) 10 mm coarse aggregate.

Fine Aggregate
There is four grading zone of fine aggregate as per Table 4 of IS-383:1970 i.e. Grading Zone I, Grading Zone II,
Grading Zone III & Grading Zone IV. This grading zone classified as per percentage passing material from 600 micron
sieve.

Cement
Cement used in the experimental procedure was a Ordinary Portland Cement 43-Grade as per IS-8112. The brand name
of cement is Shree Cement.

Fly Ash
The fly ash is taken as Per IS-1489 code recommendation from Min. 15% to Max. 35% which includes pulverized coal
fly ash from Kota Thermal Power Plant. In Rajasthan Class I & II type is available. In this study the sample from Kota

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM),
ISSN: 2455-6211, Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2023, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

Thermal Power Plant is taken and by passing 45 micron sieve it was found residue percentage lies in range of 12% to
15% which is in limit.

Marble Powder
Rajasthan is known for marble stone based products. The major sources of environmental degradation in the areas
where marble quarries and marble processing units are located are solid marble waste, powder and slurry. The marble
powder used in this work is taken from makrana. Ten type of marble is available on the basis of color.

Chemical Admixtures
As per specification of IS code, the various types of admixture are there like water reducing, retarder and water
reducing and retarding admixture. When used in large dosage, it can have a negative effect on setting times.

RESULT

Figure 1 Effect of Fly Ash & Marble Powder on Density of Hardened Concrete of M-25 grade with age

Figure 2 Effect of Fly Ash & Marble Powder on Density of Hardened Concrete of M-30 grade with age

CONCLUSION

1. The compressive strength of blended concrete mix is increased upto 10 % replacement of natural sand with equal
amount of fly ash & marble powder and after that compressive strength was decreased.
2. The flexural strength was increased up to 10% replacement of natural sand with equal amount of fly ash & marble
powder as compared to controlled concrete & after that it was decreased. The beam specimen of size 150 mm ×
150 mm × 700 mm was tested for single point load at the midpoint under the UTM of capacity 100 ton.
3. Environment friendly approach is most important aspect and is touched due to understanding of earth life balance
along with pollution free society.
4. The surface finish of cube and beam manufactured by blended concrete mix is better than the surface finish of cube
and beam manufactured by control mix.
5. The slump of blended concrete mix is increased up to 7.5% replacement of natural sand and after that it will
decrease.

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 International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM),
ISSN: 2455-6211, Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2023, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com

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