Electrical Safety

Program

Adopted January 2014

Revised April 23, 2020

The official version of this document will only be maintained online.

The official version of this document will only be maintained online.
 Electrical Safety Program
Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Responsibilities ................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 Basic Electrical Safety Principles ......................................................................................... 9
Chapter 2: Training Requirements ................................................................................... 11
2.1 Initial Training ................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 Electrical Work – Normal Operation ........................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Qualified Electrical Worker – Maintenance, Inspection, Troubleshooting,
Construction................................................................................................................ 12
2.2 Retraining .......................................................................................................................... 13
2.3 Documenting Training and Experience ............................................................................. 13
Chapter 3: Electrical Protective Equipment ...................................................................... 15
3.1 General Requirements ...................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ............................................................................... 15
3.3 Insulating Materials and Tools .......................................................................................... 16
3.4 Access Limiting Equipment ............................................................................................... 17
Chapter 4: Identifying Electrical Hazards .......................................................................... 19
4.1 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment ...................................................................... 19
4.2 Hazardous Effects of Electricity on the Human Body ....................................................... 19
4.3 Power Electronic Equipment and Electricity .................................................................... 21
4.4 Hazards Associated with Power Electronic Equipment .................................................... 21
Chapter 5: Minimizing Electrical Hazards.......................................................................... 23
5.1 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Implementation ...................................................................... 23
5.1.1 West Lafayette Campus .............................................................................................. 23
5.1.2 Other Purdue University Properties and Facilities ..................................................... 24
5.2 Electrical Equipment Labeling ........................................................................................... 24
Chapter 6: Working On or Near Energized Electrical Equipment ....................................... 27
6.1 Energized Electrical Work Permits .................................................................................... 28
6.1.1. Use of Energized Work Permit .................................................................................... 29
6.1.2. Exemptions to Energized Work Permit ....................................................................... 29
6.2 Approach Distances to Exposed Energized Parts.............................................................. 29
6.2.1 Shock Protection Boundaries ...................................................................................... 29
6.2.2 Arc Flash Protection Boundary ................................................................................... 30
Chapter 7: Working on De-Energized Electrical Equipment ............................................... 33
7.1 Lockout/Tagout Program .................................................................................................. 33
7.2 Electrically Safe Condition ................................................................................................ 33
7.3 Other Precautions ............................................................................................................. 34
Chapter 8: Flexible Cords and Portable Electrical Equipment ............................................ 35
8.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 35
8.2 Extension Cords................................................................................................................. 36

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Table of Contents

8.3 Portable Cord-and-Plug Devices ....................................................................................... 38

8.4 Lamps ................................................................................................................................ 38
8.5 Wet or Damp Locations .................................................................................................... 38
Chapter 9: Temporary Wiring .......................................................................................... 39
9.1 Grounding and Electrical Connections.............................................................................. 39
9.2 Temporary Flexible cords and Cables ............................................................................... 39
Chapter 10: Working Space Around Electric Equipment (600 volts, nominal, or less) .......... 41
Chapter 11: Access and Entrance to Working Space ........................................................... 43
11.1 Illumination ....................................................................................................................... 43
11.2 Headroom ......................................................................................................................... 43
11.3 Dedicated Equipment Space ............................................................................................. 43
Chapter 12: Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment ............................................................. 45
12.1 Elevated Equipment .......................................................................................................... 45
12.2 Equipment Contact ........................................................................................................... 45
12.3 Equipment Grounding....................................................................................................... 46
Chapter 13: Miscellaneous ................................................................................................ 47
13.1 Research and Development Laboratories ........................................................................ 47
13.2 Contractor Employees ...................................................................................................... 47
Appendices ...................................................................................................................... 49
Appendix A: Regulatory References ................................................................................ 50
Appendix B: Arc Flash and Shock Hazard Labels .............................................................. 51
Appendix C: Hazard Assessment and Energized Electrical Work Permit Instructions..... 52
Appendix C-1: Hazard Assessment for Electrical Work Form ...................................... 56
Appendix C-2: Energized Electrical Work Permit Form ............................................... 57
Appendix D: Hazard Risk Assessment Instructions .......................................................... 58
Appendix D-1: Hazard Risk Assessment Form ............................................................. 59
Appendix E: Electrical Cord Repair Guidelines for Physical Facilities .............................. 60
Appendix F: Example Electrical Safety Training Checklist................................................ 61

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Purpose

The Electrical Safety Program (ESP) was created to comply with electrical systems regulatory
requirements to ensure that energized electrical work at Purdue University facilities is
performed safely by qualified electrical workers who are provided with appropriate safe work
procedures, protective equipment, and other controls. It is intended to protect employees
against electricity-related hazards. These hazards include electrical shock and burns; arc flash
burns; arc-blast impacts; falls; and other potential electrical safety hazards. Working on
equipment in a de-energized state is required unless de-energizing introduces an increased
hazard or is infeasible (e.g., voltage testing to troubleshoot).

1.2 Scope

This program applies to all Purdue University facilities and work performed by its employees
regardless of job site location. The Program has been established to ensure the safety of
employees who may work on or near electrical equipment 600 volts or less. These employees
must comply with 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E 2018 edition. Employees working
on voltages higher than 600 volts should comply with the OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart R,
specifically 29 CFR 1910.269 (Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution), and
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2007 National Electric Safety Code. All
campuses, their agencies, and employees must understand and comply with safety standards
related to electrical work and follow the uniform practices outlined in this document when
engaged in electrical work.

1.3 Definitions

Arc Flash Hazard. A source of possible injury or damage to health associated with the release of
energy caused be an electric arc. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Arc Flash Rating. The value attributed to materials that describes their performance to
exposure to an electrical arc discharge. The arc rating is expressed in Calories per square
centimeter (cal/cm2). (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Authorized Lockout/Tagout Employee. A person who locks or implements a tagout system

procedure on machines or equipment to perform the servicing or maintenance on that machine
or equipment. An authorized employee and an affected employee may be the same person

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 1: Introduction

when the affected employee’s duties also include performing maintenance or service on a
machine or equipment, which must be locked out, or a tagout system implemented. (Purdue
LOTO Policy)

Boundary. Distance limits for various aspects of electrical work:

1. Arc Flash Protection Boundary. When an arc flash hazard exists, an approach limit at a
distance from an arc source at which an incident energy level of 1.2 cal/cm2.
2. Shock Boundaries
a. Limited Approach Boundary: An approach limit at a distance from an exposed
energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists.
b. Restricted Approach Boundary: An approach limit at a distance from an exposed
energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which there is an increased risk
of shock, due to electrical arc-over combined with inadvertent movement. (NFPA
70E Art. 100)

Competent person. A person meeting all of the requirements of a qualified person, and, in
addition, is responsible for all work activities or safety procedures related to custom or special
equipment, and has detailed knowledge regarding the electrical hazard exposure, the
appropriate controls for mitigating those hazards, and the implementation of those controls.
(NFPA 70E Art. 350)

De-energized. Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from
electrical charge; not having a potential different from that of earth. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Disconnecting (or Isolating) Switch (Disconnector, Isolator). A mechanical switching device

used for isolating a circuit or equipment from a source of power. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Electrical Infrastructure. Electrical components, including breaker and fuse panels, light
switches and fixtures, switchboards, wiring, etc., that facilitate the use and transfer of electrical
energy. (Purdue University Definition)

Electrically Safe Work Condition. A state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part has
been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established
standards, tested to verify the absence of voltage, and, if necessary, temporarily grounded for
personnel protection. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Electrical Work – Normal Operation. Work performed to start up or shut down electric
equipment that meets the criteria of Normal Operation in Chapter 6 introduction. This work
may be performed by trained individuals who would not be exposed to energized parts or an
arc flash hazard and may be of non-electrical occupations. (Purdue University Definition)

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 Electrical Safety Program
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Examples include operation of circuit breaker, switch, contactor or starter for control of
hazardous energy isolation.

Electrical Work – Maintenance, Inspection, Troubleshooting, Construction. Work performed

on electrical equipment while exposed to energized conductors or circuit parts; interaction with
or operation of electrical equipment where an arc flash hazard is likely or other abnormal
conditions are present. The work should only be performed by electrically qualified persons.
(Purdue University Definition)

Energized. Electrically connected to or is, a source of voltage. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Evidence of Impending Failure. Evidence such as arcing, overheating, loose or bound

equipment parts, visible damage, or deterioration. (NFPA 70E Art. 130)

Exposed electrical parts. Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a
safe distance by a person. It is applied to electrical conductors or circuit parts that are not
suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Fault Current, Available. The largest amount of current capable of being delivered at a point on
the system during a short circuit condition. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Facilities. As used in these regulations, the term "University Facility" or "University Facilities"
means any building or structure or any improved or unimproved land, or any part of any such
building, structure, or land, which is owned, used, or occupied by Purdue University and where
employees may be exposed to occupational hazards. (Purdue University Definition)

Field Evaluated. A thorough evaluation of non-listed or modified equipment in the field

performed by persons or parties acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The
evaluation approval ensures that the equipment meets appropriate codes and standards, or is
similarly found suitable for a specified purpose. (NFPA 70E Art. 350)

Ground. A conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between an electrical

circuit or equipment and the earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of the
earth. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupt (GFCI). A device intended for the protection of personnel that
functions to deenergize a circuit or a portion of a circuit within an established period of time
when a current to ground exceeds some predetermined value that is less than that required to
operate the overcurrent protective device of the supply circuit. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

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Hazard Assessment. Process of identifying hazards and associated with a defined task and
prescribing personal protective equipment (PPE) along with other relevant protection measures
which must be employed to reduce the risk from the hazards. (Purdue PPE Policy)

Hazardous Location. An area in which an airborne flammable dust, vapor or gas may be present
and would represent a hazard if a source of ignition were present (see NFPA Class I & II and
Division 1 & 2). (NFPA 497)

Laboratory. A building, space, room, or group of rooms intended to serve activities involving
procedures for investigation, diagnostics, product testing, or use of custom or special electrical
components, systems, or equipment. (NFPA 70E Art. 350)

Listed. Equipment, materials or services included in a list published by an organization that is

acceptable to AHJ and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains
periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of
services, and whose listing states they meet appropriate designated standards or has been
tested and found suitable for a specific purpose. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Location, Damp. Partially protected locations subject to moderate degrees of moisture, such as
some basements, barns and cold-storage warehouse. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

Location, Dry. Locations not normally subject to dampness or wetness. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

Location, Wet. Installations underground or in concrete slabs or masonry in direct contact with
the earth, and locations subject to saturation with water or other liquids, such as vehicle-
washing areas, and locations unprotected and exposed to weather. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

Lockout/Tagout. A standard that covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and
equipment in which the unexpected re-energizing or startup of the machines/equipment or
release of stored energy could cause injury to employees. It establishes minimum performance
requirements for the control of such hazardous energy. (Purdue LOTO Policy)

Maintenance, Condition of. The state of the electrical equipment considering the
manufacturers’ instructions, manufacturers’ recommendations, and applicable industry codes,
standards, and recommended practices. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Motor Control Center. A modular assembly specifically designed to plug in motor control units.
Motor control centers are supplied by a common bus, usually straight from the switchboard.
(NFPA 70E Art. 100)

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Panelboard. A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single
panel; including buses, automatic overcurrent devices, and with or without switches for the
control of light, heat, or power circuits; designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed
in or against a wall or partition and accessible only from the front. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Equipment such as protective clothing, respiratory

device, shields and barriers used to protect against hazards and irritants capable of causing
injury or impairment through absorption, inhalation or physical contact. (Purdue PPE Policy)

Properly Installed. The equipment is installed in accordance with applicable industry codes and
standards and the manufacturer’s recommendations. (NFPA 70E Art. 130)

Properly Maintained. The equipment has been maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations and applicable industry codes and standards. (NFPA 70E Art.
130)

Qualified Person. One who received training and has demonstrated skills and knowledge in the
construction and operation of equipment or a specific work method and be trained to identify
and avoid the electrical hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work
method.

Notes:

1. Whether a person is considered to be a “qualified” person will depend upon various

circumstances in the workplace. It is possible and, in fact, likely for an individual to
be considered “qualified” with regard to certain equipment or tasks in the
workplace, but “unqualified” as to other equipment or tasks.
2. An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training and who, in the course of such
training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of
training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person is considered
to be a qualified person for the performance of those duties. (NFPA 70E Art. 110,
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

Research and Development (R&D). An activity in an installation specifically designated for

research or development that may be conducted with custom or special electrical equipment.
(NFPA 70E Art. 350)

Risk. A combination of the likelihood of occurrence of injury or damage to health and the
severity of injury or damage to health that results from a hazard. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

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Risk Assessment. An overall process that identifies hazards, estimates the potential severity of
injury or damage to health, estimates the likelihood of occurrence of injury or damage to
health, and determines if protective measures are required. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Service. The conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity supply system
to the wiring system of the premises served. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

Service Equipment. The necessary equipment, usually consisting of a circuit breaker or switch
and fuses, and their accessories, located near the entrance of supply conductors to the building
and intended to constitute the main control and means of cutoff of the supply. (OSHA 29 CFR
1910.399)

Switchboard. A large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted, on the
face or back, or both, switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and (usually)
instruments. Switchboards are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front and
are not intended to be installed in cabinets. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

Switching Devices. Devices designed to close and/or open one or more electric circuits.
Included in this category are circuit breakers, cutouts, disconnecting (or isolating) switches,
disconnecting means, interrupter switches, and oil (filled) cutouts. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)

Voltage (of a circuit). The greatest root-mean-square (effective) difference of potential

between any two conductors of the circuit concerned. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Voltage, nominal. An approximate value assigned to a circuit or system for the purpose of
conveniently designating its voltage class, e.g., 120/240, 480/277, and 600. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Working Distance. The distance between a person’s face and chest area and a prospective arc.
(NFPA 70E Art. 100)

Working On (energized electrical conductors or circuit parts). Coming in contact with

energized electrical conductors or circuit parts with hands, feet, or other body parts, with tools,
probes or with test equipment, regardless of the personal protective equipment a person is
wearing. There are two categories of “working on”: Diagnostic (testing) is taking readings or
measurements of electrical equipment with approved test equipment that does not require
making any physical change to the equipment; repair is any physical alteration of electrical
equipment (such as making or tightening connections, removing or replacing components, etc.).
(NFPA 70E Art. 100)

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 Electrical Safety Program
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1.4 Responsibilities

OSHA compliance requires Purdue University to:

 Provide and demonstrate a safety program with defined responsibilities

 Provide and document employee training covering Lockout/Tagout procedure,
Energized Work permit, and the hazards of arc flash
 Provide PPE for workers
 Provide appropriate tools for safe work
 Have qualified personnel determine the degree of arc flash hazard
 Affix warning labels on equipment

The ESP and fieldwork shall be audited to verify the principles and procedures of the program
comply with this plan. The audit shall be documented its frequency shall not exceed 3 years.
Each department will determine the assignment of the following responsibilities based on staff
expertise, resources and agency specific considerations.

Purdue University OSHA Officer

 Responsible for Safety Compliance

Senior Engineers and Staff

 Review designs and provide consultation for compliance with the National Electric Code
during construction, renovation, and repair of electrical equipment.
 Provides technical oversight to the Arc Flash Coordinator & staff

Arc Flash Coordinator and Staff

 Coordinate and complete electrical studies for secondary facility electrical systems
 Electrical studies include: as-built data collection, electrical one-line modeling,
protective device coordination, equipment evaluation, arc flash hazard analysis
 Label equipment to communicate electrical hazards and appropriate PPE requirements
 Maintain database of electrical studies and one-line diagrams; update at least every 5
years
 Review consultant-performed electrical studies for compliance with Purdue standards
and requirements of NFPA 70E
 Place an emphasis on controlling electrical hazards through the application of
engineering and design controls
 Promote consistency in electrical installations throughout the various facilities

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 1: Introduction

Senior Directors/Deans

 Provide resources for compliance with the Electrical Safety program.

Directors/Department Heads

 Ensure that supervisors and employees have an understanding of and comply with the
Electrical Safety program

Safety Managers/Training Coordinators

 Assist units to implement the ESP

 Provide or coordinate ESP general training for work units
 Provide or assist with specific training for electrical work qualifications
 Maintain all training records
 Evaluate work and determine compliance with the ESP
 Periodically evaluate the overall effectiveness of the ESP
 Periodically review and update the written ESP

Supervisors

 Promote electrical safety awareness to all employees

 Ensure employees comply with ALL provisions of the ESP
 Ensure employees receive training appropriate to their assigned electrical tasks
 Document training for assigned electrical tasks
 Develop and maintain a listing of all qualified employees under their supervision
 Ensure employees are provided with and use appropriate protective equipment
 Ensure employees comply with the Control of Hazardous Energy Program
(Lockout/Tagout)

Employees

 Follow the work practices described in this ESP

 Use appropriate protective equipment and tools
 Attend all required ESP related training
 Immediately report any electrical safety concerns to supervision

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Qualified Electrical Workers

 Departmental qualified electrical workers are expected to test, troubleshoot, and

maintain departmental electrical equipment (e.g., X-ray machines, lathes, experimental
apparatus etc.) not maintained by Physical Facilities.
 Physical Facilities qualified electrical workers are expected to test, troubleshoot, and
maintain building electrical equipment and distribution infrastructure.

1.5 Basic Electrical Safety Principles

Electricity is dangerous when used without proper training, knowledge and planning. The basic
electrical safety principles listed below provide guidance to use electricity safely before you
start a job.

 Obtain Training: Ensure every employee receives the appropriate training to make them
qualified electrical workers for the job they are expected to perform.
 Plan Every Job: If a job requires working on live circuits (the energized condition), the
employer must have or develop a systematic procedural checklist for doing the work.
Discuss the hazards and procedures before starting each job. Document any new
procedures.
 Identify Hazards. Conduct hazard analysis for the job and identify steps that could create
electric shock or arc-flash hazards.
 Minimize Hazards. De-energize equipment unless it introduces a greater hazard.
Insulate or isolate exposed live parts to avoid contact. Use appropriate PPE and
electrically safe tools.
 De-energize If Possible: An Energized Work Permit is required to do any energized work
beyond testing and troubleshooting.
 Anticipate Problems: Plan for the worst-case scenario. Have the proper PPE and tools
immediately available.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 2: Training Requirements

Chapter 2: Training Requirements

All employees should have electrical safety training to be aware of electrical hazards that may
be encountered in their work and how to protect themselves from those hazards. The level of
training should be commensurate with the level of hazard exposure.

Electrical Safe Work Practices training is required for anyone working near energized, or
potentially energized electrical circuits of fifty (50) or more volts to ground or is exposed to an
arc flash hazard. Training shall be provided when an employee is initially assigned to the job
and prior to performing energized electrical work. Trained personnel must demonstrate a
working knowledge of the relevant electrical codes.

Training shall also be provided to employees who are not exposed to energized parts, but will
operate electrical equipment (e.g., pumps, heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
machinery) during normal operations.

Radiological and Environmental Management (REM) has an online awareness level Electrical
Safety training module for employees whose jobs do not require them to be Qualified Electrical
Workers. In addition Electrical Safe Work Practices training is available upon request. Contact
REM for more information.

2.1 Initial Training

There are two versions of initial training available, 1) Electrical Work – Normal Operation and 2)
Qualified Electrical Worker – Maintenance, Inspection, Troubleshooting, Construction. The type
of electrical work determines the initial training requirements.

2.1.1 Electrical Work – Normal Operation

Electrical Work training must cover avoiding electrical hazards associated with work inside
shock approach and arc flash boundaries of exposed energized parts.The following topics
are to be included in all electrical safety training.

 Hazardous effects of electricity on the human body

 Universal electrical safety practices.
 Hazards associated with power electronic equipment.
 How to read arc flash warning labels to gauge extent of potential hazards.
 Purdue University Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) Program training
and safe work practices required to safely de-energize electrical equipment.

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2.1.2 Qualified Electrical Worker – Maintenance, Inspection, Troubleshooting,

Construction

Only a Qualified Electrical Worker is allowed to work on energized circuits within the
Limited Approach and Arc Flash Boundaries. Qualified electrical workers shall not work
alone (except for replacing fuses; operating switches, or other operations that do not
require contacting energized voltage conductors or parts of equipment; and clearing trouble
or emergencies involving hazards to life or property).

In addition to training outlined in 2.1.1, qualified electrical workers must be familiar with
the proper use of special precautionary techniques; PPE (including arc-flash suit); insulating
and shielding materials, insulated tools and test equipment, arc flash analysis labels; and
NFPA 70E tables.

Qualified electrical workers must know how to properly select and use:

 Best work practices

 Appropriate insulating and shielding materials
 Tools and equipment for working on or near energized parts
o A device to verify the absence of voltage
o An appropriate voltage detector
o PPE determined from the arc flash label, NFPA 70E Table 130.5(G), NFPA 70E
Table 130.7(C)(15), and/or Purdue PPE Policy.

In addition, qualified electrical workers must have knowledge and understanding as well as
skills and techniques necessary to:

 Interpret indications provided by a device to verify the absence of voltage

 Recognize limitations specific types of voltage detectors
 Determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts
 Distinguish exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment.
 Determine the approach distances corresponding to the voltages specified in the
following NFPA 70E tables:
o NFPA 70E Table 130.4(D)(a) Approach Boundaries to Energized Electrical
Conductors or Circuit Parts for Shock Protection for Alternating-Current
Systems
o NFPA 70E Table130.4(D)(b) Approach Boundaries to Energized Electrical
Conductors or Circuit Parts for Shock Protection, Direct-Current Voltage
Systems

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 2: Training Requirements

 Avoid the electrical hazards associated with work inside shock approach and arc
flash boundaries of exposed energized parts
 Determine hazards, risks as well as appropriate protective clothing and equipment
requirements using arc flash analysis labels or the following NFPA 70E tables:
o NFPA 70E Table 130.5(C) Estimate of the Likelihood of an Arc Flash Incident
for AC and DC Systems
o NFPA 70E Table 130.5(G) Selection of Arc-Rated Clothing and Other PPE
When the Incident Analysis Method Is Used
o NFPA 70E Table130.7(C)(15)(a) Arc-Flash Hazard PPE Categories for
Alternating Current (ac) Systems
o NFPA 70E Table 130.7(C)(15)(b) Arc-Flash Hazard PPE Categories for Direct
Current (dc) Systems
o NFPA 70E Table 130.7(C)(15)(c) Protective Clothing and Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
 Recognize the signs and symptoms of electric shock, heart fibrillation, electric burns
and contacting emergency personnel at 911

For copies of NFPA 70E tables contact REM.

2.2 Retraining

Mandatory retraining (or refresher) training is required a minimum of every three (3) years or
when conditions change. The interval between retraining shall not exceed 36 months. In
addition, an employee must receive additional training (or retraining) when any of the following
conditions are met:

 Supervision or annual inspections indicate that the employee is not complying with the
established safety-related work practices
 Safety-related work practices not normally used during regular job duties are employed
 New technology, new types of equipment, or changes in procedures require using
safety-related work practices different from those normally used

2.3 Documenting Training and Experience

Each department shall document and maintain electrical training and experience.
Documentation is necessary to demonstrate that individuals have met the training and
experience requirements for the types of work they performed. The documentation shall
contain the training content and be maintained for the duration of employment. For an
example of an Electrical Safety Training Checklist, see Appendix F.

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Chapter 2: Training Requirements

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Chapter 3: Electrical Protective Equipment

Chapter 3: Electrical Protective Equipment

3.1 General Requirements

Electrical protective equipment must meet the criteria established by the American Society of
Testing and Materials (ASTM) and by the America National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Equipment shall include rated arc flash apparel, eye protection, head protection, hand
protection, hearing protection, insulated footwear, and face shields where necessary. PPE must
be maintained in a safe, reliable condition and be inspected by the qualified wearer for damage
before each day's use and immediately following any incident that can reasonably be suspected
of having caused damage. Protective equipment that becomes damaged contaminated with
grease, oil flammable liquids, or combustible liquids shall not be used.

Each department must provide any electrical protective equipment required by this program
for employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards. The PPE must be
appropriate for the specific work to be performed. Electrical tools and protective equipment
must be specifically approved, rated, and tested for the levels of voltage of which an employee
may be exposed. If an arc flash hazard is present, then additional PPE is required, including arc-
resistant clothing and hardhat with arc rated face shield is required.

3.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be worn whenever qualified workers are inside the
Arc Flash Boundary of energized equipment or Restricted Approach Boundary of exposed
energized parts (using the greater of the two distances). The required PPE can be determined
from the incident energy value listed on the equipment’s arc flash label. If an arc flash analysis
has not been done, then Arc Flash Category Classification and PPE tables in NFPA 70E should be
consulted. Copies of Approach Boundary, Arc Flash Category Classification and Protective
Clothing/PPE tables are available from the REM.

The Minimum PPE for Normal Operation of electrical powered equipment is safety glasses and
leather gloves. The minimum PPE required for electrical work that does not meet the criteria of
Normal Operation of electric equipment is long sleeve shirt (natural fiber), long pants (natural
fiber), safety glasses or goggles, hearing protection (foam inserts) and leather gloves. PPE must
be donned prior to starting electrical work. Employees shall wear at least the following:

 Eye protection whenever there is a danger of injury from electric arcs, flashes, or from
flying objects resulting from an electrical explosion

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Chapter 3: Electrical Protective Equipment

 Nonconductive head protection whenever there is a danger of head injury from electric
shock or burns due to contact with live parts or from flying objects resulting from an
electrical explosion
 Rubber insulated gloves where there is a danger of hand or arm contact with live parts
or possible exposure to arc flash burn
 Voltage rated gloves with leather protectors when using electrical testing meters on
exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit parts 50 volts and above
 Dielectric overshoes when insulated footwear is used as protection against step and
touch potential. Insulated soles shall not be used as primary electrical protection.

Protective shields, barriers, or insulating materials must be used to protect each employee from
shock, burns, or other electrical injuries while that person is working near exposed energized
parts that might be accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric heating or arcing might
occur. Face shields without arc rating shall not be used for electrical work. Safety glasses or
goggles must always be worn underneath face shields. Additional illumination may be needed
when using tinted face shields as protection during electrical work.

Arc Rated Apparel & Under layers worn to protect an employee must cover potentially exposed
areas as completely as possible, cover all ignitable clothing, and allow for movement and
visibility. Arc-resistant shirtsleeves must be fastened at the wrist and arc-resistant shirts or
jackets must be closed at the neck. Arc-rated garments worn as outer layers over arc-rated
apparel (i.e., jackets or rainwear) must also be made from arc- rated material. Arc-Rated flash
suits must permit easy and rapid removal by the user. Follow the garment manufacturer’s
instructions arc-resistant apparel care and maintenance in order to maintain protective
properties.

Non-melting, flammable garments (e.g., cotton, wool, rayon, silk, or blends) may be used as
under layers beneath arc-resistant apparel; however, arc-resistant undergarments are
recommended. Melting fibers such as acetate, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, and spandex is
not permitted in fabric under layers next to skin; however, an incidental amount of elastic on
non-melting fabric underwear or socks is permitted.

3.3 Insulating Materials and Tools

Employees must use insulated tools and handling equipment rated for the voltages
encountered when working inside the Limited Approach Boundary and Restricted Approach
Boundary near exposed energized circuits, conductors, or parts. Insulated tools must be
designed and constructed to meet the demands of use and the environment to which they are
exposed. Insulating equipment made of materials other than rubber shall provide electrical and
mechanical protection at least equal to that of rubber equipment. If the insulating capability of

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 3: Electrical Protective Equipment

protective equipment is subject to damage during use, the insulating material must be
protected by an outer covering of leather or other appropriate material.

Insulating rubber equipment such as gloves, sleeves, blankets, and matting must be stored in an
area protected from light, temperature extremes, excessive humidity, ozone, and other
substances and conditions that my cause damage. In addition to being tested according to the
schedule supplied by the manufacturer, rubber insulated equipment must be

 Inspected for damage before each day’s use

 Air tested before each use
 Inspected immediately following any incident that could have caused damage
 Dielectrically tested within 6 months of first use or 1 year of purchase if not used
(rubber gloves used without the leather protectors must be removed from service until
dielectrically tested)

Rubber insulated equipment found to have defects that might affect its insulating properties
must be removed from service until testing indicates that it is acceptable for continued use. Do
not attempt to repair defective rubber insulated equipment.

Fuse handling equipment insulated for the circuit voltage shall be used to remove or install a
fuse if the terminals are energized. Ropes and hand-lines used near exposed energized parts
shall be nonconductive and portable ladders used for electrical work shall have nonconductive
side rails. Tools and handling equipment should be replaced if the insulating capability is
decreased due to damage.

3.4 Access Limiting Equipment

Specific training and qualifications are required to work with electricity. Electrical work zones
must always be secured to prevent access by unqualified individuals for their safety and the
safety of the qualified personnel. Often, electrical work is performed in areas where the general
public could be exposed to the hazards. The bullet points listed below shall be followed to
reduce the hazards to unqualified people.

 Barricades shall be used in conjunction with safety signs to prevent or limit access to
work areas containing live parts. Barricades must be of sturdy construction and
discourage access. An example would be temporary fencing. Conductive barricades shall
not be used where they might cause an electrical hazard. Barricades shall be placed no
closer than the Limited Approach Boundary.
 If signs and barricades do not provide sufficient protection, an attendant will be
assigned to warn and protect pedestrians. The primary duty of the attendant shall be to

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Chapter 3: Electrical Protective Equipment

keep an unqualified person out of the work area where an electrical hazard exists. The
attendant shall remain in the area as long as there is a potential exposure to electrical
hazards.
 If any area accessible to unqualified people is left unattended, the area must be
returned to an electrically safe condition (e.g., Panelboard covers replaced). Barricades
and signs are not an acceptable safeguard.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 4: Identifying Electrical Hazards

Chapter 4: Identifying Electrical Hazards

4.1 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Before any work, including testing and troubleshooting can take place an electrical hazard
assessment and risk assessment must be done. A Hazard Assessment for Electrical Work form
can be found in Appendix D. The hazard assessment includes identifying the following:

 Shock, arc flash, and arc blast hazards

 Non-electrical hazards (e.g., falls, confined space, chemical, biological, radiation, and
environmental hazards)
 Means of mitigating hazards through engineering controls, administrative controls, and
PPE
 If an Energized Electrical Work Permit is required

In addition to the electrical hazard assessment, a risk assessment of common electrical tasks
must be done rating the relative hazards of electrical tasks. The risk assessment can be used to:

 Identify hazards
 Assess risks
 Implement the hierarchy of risk controls:
o Elimination
o Substitution
o Engineering
o Warnings
o Administration
o PPE

For more details, see Hazard and Risk Assessment forms in the Appendix D.

4.2 Hazardous Effects of Electricity on the Human Body

Results of Power Frequency Current

 At 5 mA, shock is perceptible.

 At 10 mA, a person may not be able to voluntarily let go of the hazard.
 At about 40 mA, the shock, if lasting for 1 second or longer, may be fatal due to
ventricular fibrillation.
 Increasing current leads to burns and cardiac arrest.

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Chapter 4: Identifying Electrical Hazards

Results of Direct Current (DC)

 A DC current of 2 mA is perceptible.
 A DC current of 10 mA is considered the threshold of the let-go current.

Results of Voltage

 A voltage of 30 V rms, or 60 V dc, is considered safe except when the skin is broken. The
internal body resistance can be as low as 500 ohms, so fatalities can occur.

Results of Short Contact

 For contact less than 0.1 second and with currents just greater than 0.5 mA, ventricular
fibrillation may occur only if the shock is in a vulnerable part of the cardiac cycle.
 For contact of less than 0.1 second and with currents of several amperes, ventricular
fibrillation may occur if the shock is in a vulnerable part of the cardiac cycle.
 For contact of greater than 0.8 second and with currents just greater than 0.5 A, cardiac
arrest (reversible) may occur.
 For contact greater than 0.8 second and with currents of several amperes, burns and
death are probable.

Results of Alternating Current (AC) at Frequencies above 100 Hz

 When the threshold of perception increases from 10 kHz to 100 kHz, the threshold of
let-go current increases from 10 mA to 100 mA.

Effects of Wave shape

 Contact with voltages from phase controls usually causes effects between those of ac
and dc sources.

Effects of Capacitive Discharge

 A circuit of capacitance of 1 microfarad having a 10 kV capacitor charge may cause

ventricular fibrillation.
 A circuit of capacitance of 20 microfarad having a 10 kV capacitor charge may be
dangerous and probably cause ventricular fibrillation.

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Chapter 4: Identifying Electrical Hazards

4.3 Power Electronic Equipment and Electricity

Employer and employees shall be aware of the hazardous effects of electricity on the human
body and hazards associated with power electronic equipment

Power electronic equipment includes the following types of devices:

 Electric arc welding equipment

 High-power radio, radar, and television transmitting towers and antenna
 Industrial dielectric and radio frequency (RF) induction heaters
 Shortwave or RF diathermy devices
 Process equipment that includes rectifiers and inverters such as the following:
 Motor drives
 Uninterruptible power supply systems
 Lighting controllers

4.4 Hazards Associated with Power Electronic Equipment

Employer and employees shall be aware of the hazards associated with the following:

 High voltages within power supplies

 RF energy–induced high voltages
 RF fields near antennas and antenna transmission lines can cause electrical shock and
burns
 Radiation
o Ionizing X-radiation (X-ray) hazards from magnetrons, klystrons, thyratrons,
cathode-ray tubes, and similar devices
o Non-ionizing RF radiation from:
 Industrial microwave heaters and diathermy radiators
 Industrial scientific and medical equipment
 Radar equipment
 Radio communication equipment, including broadcast transmitters
 RF induction heaters and dielectric heaters
 Satellite–earth-transmitters

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Chapter 4: Identifying Electrical Hazards

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 5: Minimizing Electrical Hazards

Chapter 5: Minimizing Electrical Hazards

5.1 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Implementation

In 2011, Physical Facilities developed and implemented a five-year plan to conduct arc flash
hazard analyses of all University facilities. The goal is to identify high hazard equipment and
reduce the hazards of maintaining it through engineering controls. Arc flash analyses will
identify equipment that has a greater potential for arc flash as well as help ensure the safety of
qualified electrical workers who frequently use of arc flash category PPE.

Arc flash hazard analysis consists of collecting data on the power distribution system. The
arrangement of components is documented on a one-line drawing with nameplate
specifications of every device and lengths and cross-section area of all cables.

The electric utility is consulted to get information including the minimum and maximum fault
currents that can be expected at the entrance to the facility. Subsequently, a short circuit
analysis followed by a coordination study is completed. SKM Arc Flash Analysis software then
uses the resultant data to calculate (2018 edition of NFPA 70E or IEEE Standard 1584 2018
equations) the arc flash protection boundary distances and incident energies. Those calculated
boundary distances and energies are then used to determine minimum PPE requirements.

For systems of 600 volts and less where an arc flash analysis has not been performed, NFPA 70E
Arc Flash Category Classification tables 130.7(C)(15)(a) and 130.7(C)(15)(b) will provide arc flash
boundary distance, provided it meets the maximum short circuit current and fault clearing time
criteria. For other fault currents and clearing times greater than those listed in the NFPA 70E
tables, an arc flash analysis must be performed as well.

The Arc Flash Analysis Team staff shall complete an arc flash hazard analysis as required by
NFPA 70E. Arc flash hazard analysis shall be done under the supervision of a licensed electrical
engineer; for all major electrical system upgrades or renovations; and for all new electrical
system installations.

5.1.1 West Lafayette Campus

The Arc Flash Analysis Team staff has completed an arc flash hazard analysis as required by
NFPA 70E for buildings on West Lafayette campus.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 5: Minimizing Electrical Hazards

5.1.2 Other Purdue University Properties and Facilities

Arc flash analysis has not been completed for all buildings on regional campuses Purdue
Northwest, Purdue Fort Wayne and other satellite sites such as Purdue Agricultural Centers
and Statewide Technology Centers

Until an arc flash hazard analysis can be done, a qualified electrical worker will use Arc-Flash
PPE Categories for ac and dc Systems, NFPA 70E Tables 130.7(C)(15)(a), 130.7(C)(15)(b) and
130.7(C)(15)(c) to determine the arc-flash category for PPE selection.

5.2 Electrical Equipment Labeling

Switchboards, panel boards, industrial control panels, motor control centers, disconnects and
any other equipment posing an arc flash hazard will be field marked (labeled) to warn workers
of potential electric arc flash hazards. When arc flash and shock data are available for industrial
control panels, labels shall include information on arc flash hazard boundary, the hazard
category, required PPE, minimum arc rating, limited approach distances, restricted approach
distances and prohibited approach distances. Labels shall be of the type, or similar to, the
example labels shown in Appendix B.

Labeling is intended to reduce the occurrence of serious injury or death due to arcing faults to
workers working on or near energized electrical equipment. Labels shall be located so they are
visible to the personnel before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the
equipment. The top and bottom of the Purdue University Arc Flash and Shock Hazard labels are
color coded to reflect the arc flash category range of calculated incident energy. There are two
system of labeling (see Table 5.1 and 5.2).

Table 5.1 – Arc Flash and Shock Hazard Label Legend (Prior to 2015)

Arc Flash Incident Energy Arc Flash Type of Label

Category Range (cal/cm2) (Bottom Color) (Top Color)
0 Less than 1.2 White Warning
1 1.2 – 4 Green Warning
2 4–8 Yellow Warning
3 8 – 25 Orange Warning
4 25 – 40 Red Warning
Dangerous Greater than 40 Red Danger

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 5: Minimizing Electrical Hazards

Table 5.2 – Arc Flash and Shock Hazard Label Legend (2015 to Present)

Incident Energy Arc Flash Type of Label

Range (cal/cm2) (Bottom Color) (Top Color)
Less than 1.2 White Warning
1.2 – 40 Orange Warning
Greater than 40 Red Danger

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Chapter 5: Minimizing Electrical Hazards

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 6: Working On or Near Energized Electrical Equipment

Chapter 6: Working On or Near Energized Electrical

Equipment

The most important principle of electrical safety is to assume all electric circuits are energized
unless each involved worker ensures they are not. Every circuit and conductor must be tested
every time work is done on it. Proper PPE must be worn until the equipment is proven de-
energized. The process of de-energizing is "energized" work and can result in an arc flash due
to equipment failure. Both NFPA 70E 130.1 and OSHA 1910.333 state:

Energized electrical conductors and circuit (live) parts to which an employee might be
exposed shall be put into an electrically safe work condition before an employee works
(on or near) within the Limited Approach Boundary of those conductors or parts, unless
the employer can demonstrate that de-energizing introduces additional or increased
hazards or is infeasible due to equipment design or operational limitations.

Energized electrical conductors and circuit (live) parts that operate at less than 50 volts
to ground need not be de-energized if there will be no increased exposure to electrical
burns or to explosion due to electric arcs.

Examples of increased or additional hazards include, but are not limited to:

 Interruption of life support equipment

 Deactivation of emergency alarm systems
 Shutdown of hazardous location ventilation equipment

Departments must provide training and adopt written standard operating procedures (SOPs)
for common tasks where work on or near live circuits may be required. When working on live
circuits an employee is actually touching energized parts with tools. When working near live
circuits, an employee inside the restricted approach boundary is close enough to energized
parts to pose a risk, even though other parts are de-energized. Common tasks include:

 Opening electric equipment doors for inspection

 Opening and closing disconnects and breakers
 Taking voltage measurements
 Racking breakers on and off the bus
 Removing panels and dead fronts

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Chapter 6: Working On or Near Energized Electrical Equipment

Example SOP statement:

“When opening and closing disconnects, use the “left-hand rule” when possible. Stand to the
right side of the equipment and operate the disconnect switch with the left hand.”

Normal Operation of Electric Equipment

Normal Operation of electrical powered equipment shall be permitted where all of the
following conditions are satisfied:

1. The equipment is properly installed.

2. The equipment is properly maintained
3. The equipment is used in accordance with instructions included in the listing and
labeling and in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
4. The equipment doors are closed and secured.
5. All equipment covers are in place and secured.
6. There is no evidence of impending failure such as arcing, overheating, loose or bound
equipment parts, visible damage, or deterioration.

Use of the information on the arc flash hazard label and Table 130.5(C) provides guidance on
assessing criteria for Normal Operation and the likelihood of an arc flash occurrence.

For any electrical equipment where an arc flash hazard may be present, a hazard assessment
shall be performed by an electrically qualified worker on the equipment to ensure it meets the
criteria for Normal Operation. The arc flash analysis coordinator and electrical engineers in
Engineering Services are available to assist. The hazard assessment should be documented and
noted in the equipment SOP.

Conditions that do not meet the criteria of Normal Operation are consider abnormal operation
and an electrical hazard assessment should be performed to determine necessary electrical safe
work practices and PPE.

6.1 Energized Electrical Work Permits

When energized work is authorized, an energized electrical work permit shall be required under
the following conditions:

 When work is performed within restricted approach boundary of exposed energized

parts.

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Chapter 6: Working On or Near Energized Electrical Equipment

 When the employee interacts with the equipment when conductors or circuit parts are
not exposed but an increased likelihood of injury from exposure to an arc flash hazard
exists from abnormal operations.

The intent of the permit is to ensure that all appropriate safety precautions are taken prior to
performing energized electrical work. The Hazard Assessment for Electrical Work, which
includes the Energized Work Permit can be found on the REM website under the “Forms”
section.

6.1.1. Use of Energized Work Permit

The permit must be originated by the qualified electrical worker and submitted to their
appropriate department supervisor for signature approval. The permit must be posted in an
appropriate and obvious location where the energized work is taking place for the duration
of the task. After the energized electrical work has been completed, send a copy of the
completed work permit to REM.

6.1.2. Exemptions to Energized Work Permit

An energized electrical work permit shall not be required if a qualified person is provided
with and uses appropriate safe work practices and PPE in accordance with this plan under
any of the following conditions:

 Testing, troubleshooting and voltage measuring

 Thermography and visual inspections if the restricted approach boundary is not
crossed
 Access to and egress from an area with energized electrical equipment if no
electrical work is performed and the restricted approach boundary is not crossed.

6.2 Approach Distances to Exposed Energized Parts

NFPA 70E defines three (3) boundaries for electrical work. Two (2) boundaries are approach
distances related to shock hazards and the third boundary is related to arc flash protection.
Approach boundary tables are available from REM’s Occupational Safety section.

6.2.1 Shock Protection Boundaries

The distance for the Limited and Restricted Approach boundaries are found in NFPA 70E
tables 130.4(D)(a) and (b).

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 6: Working On or Near Energized Electrical Equipment

Within the limited approach boundary, unqualified persons should not be inside the
boundary unless escorted by a qualified person and informed of potential safety hazards.

Within the restricted approach boundary, only qualified persons with proper PPE and tools
may cross. Inside this boundary, accidental movement can put a part of the body or
conductive tools in contact with live parts or inside the prohibited approach boundary. To
cross the restricted approach boundary, the qualified person must:

1. Perform hazard identification and risk assessment

2. Have an energized work permit that is approved by the supervisor when performing
work beyond testing and trouble shooting
3. Use PPE rated for working near exposed energized parts and rated for the voltage
and energy level involved
4. Ensure that no part of the body enters the prohibited space
5. Minimize risks from unintended movement by keeping as much of the body as
possible out of the restricted space (body parts in the restricted space should be
protected)

6.2.2 Arc Flash Protection Boundary

Arc Flash Analysis has been performed

When interacting with electrical equipment within the Arc Flash Protection Boundary,
protective equipment and measures are required. The qualified person must:

1. Determine if interaction meets the criteria for Normal Operation of electric

equipment. A hazard identification assessment should be done with the arc flash
hazard label and Table 130.5(C) to provide guidance on assessing the likelihood of an
arc flash occurrence. Arc – rated PPE may not be required for Normal Operation of
electric equipment.
2. If criteria for Normal Operation is not met, arc flash PPE is necessary to continue
work.
3. Use PPE appropriate for working near exposed energized parts and rated for the
voltage and energy level involved.

If an arc flash analysis has been performed, a qualified person can use the incident energy
value on the arc flash analysis label and the arc flash hazard Table 130.5(G) to specify arc –
rated clothing and other PPE.

Arc Flash Analysis has not been performed

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 6: Working On or Near Energized Electrical Equipment

For systems of 600 volts and less where an arc flash analysis has not been performed and no
incident energy levels are listed:

1. Use Table130.7(C)(15)(a) and/or Table 130.7(C)(15)(b) to determine the arc-flash

PPE category.
2. Use Table 130.7(C)(15)(c) to choose the appropriate clothing and PPE
3. Table 130.4(D)(a) and/or Table 130.5(D)(b) will provide the limited and restricted
approach boundaries.
4. Table130.7(C)(15)(a) and/or Table 130.7(C)(15)(b) will provide arc flash boundary
distance, provided the equipment meets the maximum short circuit current and
fault clearing time criteria in the tables

For copies of NFPA 70E tables contact REM.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 6: Working On or Near Energized Electrical Equipment

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 7: Working on De-Energized Electrical Equipment

Chapter 7: Working on De-Energized Electrical Equipment

7.1 Lockout/Tagout Program

Each department shall follow the written Purdue University Control of Hazardous Energy
(Lockout/Tagout) Program and train employees in the program. Written lockout/tagout
procedures should be developed for each machine or piece of equipment that will require
servicing. The program should cover planning for

 Locating and labeling energy sources

 Identifying at-risk employees, who de-energized the equipment and how
 Releasing of stored energy
 Verifying that the circuit is de-energized and can't be restarted
 Voltage testing
 Grounding requirements
 Shift changes
 Coordination with other jobs in progress and a procedure for keeping track of all
involved personnel
 Applying and removing lockout/tagout devices
 Return to service
 Temporary re-energizing for testing/positioning

7.2 Electrically Safe Condition

The 2018 edition of NFPA 70E lists six steps to ensure for electrically safe work conditions.
Always follow these steps.

1. Identify all sources of power to the equipment. Check applicable up-to-date drawings,
diagrams, and identification tags.
2. Remove the load current, and then open the disconnecting devices for each power
source.
3. Where possible, visually verify that blades of disconnecting devices are fully open or
that drawout-type circuit breakers are fully withdrawn.
4. Apply lockout/tagout devices in accordance with a Purdue’s Control of Hazardous
Energy Program
5. Test each phase conductor or circuit part with an adequately rated voltage detector to
verify that the equipment is de-energized. Test each phase conductor or circuit part
both phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground. Check the voltage detector before and after
each test to ensure it is working.

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Chapter 7: Working on De-Energized Electrical Equipment

6. Properly ground all possible sources of induced voltage and stored electric energy (such
as, capacitors) before touching. If conductors or circuit parts that are being de-energized
could contact other exposed conductors or circuit parts, apply ground-connecting
devices rated for the available fault current.

7.3 Other Precautions

When working on de-energized parts, but still inside the arc flash protection boundary for
nearby energized exposed parts:

 If the parts cannot be de-energized, barriers (e.g., insulated blankets) must be used to
protect against accidental contact or PPE must be worn.
 Employees shall not reach blindly into areas that might contain exposed live parts.
 Employees shall not enter spaces containing energized parts unless illumination is
provided that allows the work to be performed safely.
 Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing (such as watchbands, bracelets, rings, key
chains, necklaces, metalized aprons, cloth with conductive thread, metal headgear, or
metal frame glasses) shall not be worn where they present an electrical contact hazard
with exposed live parts.
 Conductive materials, tools, and equipment that are in contact with any part of an
employee’s body shall not be handled inside the Limited Approach Boundary. If this is
not possible, they shall be handled in a manner that prevents accidental contact with
live parts. Such materials and equipment include, but are not limited to long conductive
objects such as ducts, pipes, tubes, conductive hose and rope, metal-lined rules and
scales, steel tapes, pulling lines, metal scaffold parts, structural members, and chains.
 When an employee works in a confined space or enclosed spaces (such as a manhole or
vault) that contains exposed live parts, the employee shall use protective shields,
barriers or insulating materials as necessary to avoid contact with these parts. Doors,
hinged panels, and the like shall be secured to prevent them from swinging into
employees. Refer to the REM’s confined space entry program

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 8: Flexible Cords and Portable Electrical Equipment

Chapter 8: Flexible Cords and Portable Electrical Equipment

The following requirements apply to the use of cord-and-plug-connected equipment and

flexible cord sets (i.e., extension cords):

8.1 General

All cords must be inspected before each use. Employee's hands must be dry when plugging and
unplugging flexible cords and cord and plug-connected equipment. If the connection could
provide a conducting path to employees hands (for example, a cord connector is wet from
water immersion), insulating protective equipment must be used to handle the energized plug
and receptacle connections.

Flexible cords must be protected from damage. They must be designed for hard or extra hard
usage (for example, types S, ST, and SO). The rating or approval must be visible. Sharp corners
and projections must be avoided. They may not be run through windows or doors unless
protected from damage, and then only on a temporary basis. They may not be run above
ceilings; inside or through walls, ceilings, or floors; and may not be fastened with staples or
otherwise hung in such a fashion as to damage the outer jacket or insulation.

Flexible cords may only be plugged into grounded receptacles. Attachment plugs and
receptacles may not be connected or altered in any way that would interrupt the continuity of
the equipment grounding conductor. Locking connectors must be properly locked together and
must not be altered to allow the grounding pole to be inserted into current connector slots.

It is recommended that two-prong outlet receptacles be replaced with three-prong outlet

receptacles. Adapters that interrupt the continuity of the equipment grounding connection may
not be used. Clipping the grounding prong from an electrical plug is prohibited.

All electrical cords must be inspected for defects and damage prior to use. Refer to the
following list of guidelines to determine a flexible cord’s suitability for use:

 Do not use defective or damaged cords.

 Never use an extension cord without a ground pin.
 Do not exceed the rating of the cord.
 Do not run cords across an aisle, walkways, or paths of travel in normal work areas.
 Do not run cords through doorways, ceilings, walls, or floors.
 Do not run cords above ceilings, under floors or inside walls.

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Chapter 8: Flexible Cords and Portable Electrical Equipment

 Flexible cords must remain flexible, do not permanently attach cords to any building
structure.
 Do not fasten cords with staples or hang in a way that could damage the outer
insulation.
 Turn off devices prior to plugging them in.
 Fully insert plug into outlet and devices into cord, keeping fingers away from metal
prongs.
 Do not remove, bend, or modify any metal prongs or pins on the cord.
 Do not use excessive force to make a connection.
 Do not pull on the cord to disconnect, hold the plug to pull from outlet.
 Do not connect a three prong plug into a two prong cord outlet.

Electrical cord repair guidelines are located in Appendix E.

8.2 Extension Cords

Extension cords are considered temporary wiring and must comply with the Flexible Cords and
Portable Electrical Equipment (chapter 8) and Temporary Wiring (chapter 9) requirements of
this document. They may only be used for temporary power and be of the three-wire type.
They should be of equal or greater thickness to the equipment cord they are plugged into.

When used with grounding type equipment extension cords must contain an equipment-
grounding conductor (i.e., must accept a three-prong grounded plug). Operating equipment
with an extension cord that lacks a grounding plug is prohibited. Job-made extension cords
must use UL listed components and assembled by a qualified person.

Extension cords must be inspected for defects and damage prior to use. Refer to the following
list of guidelines to determine an extension cord’s is suitability for use:

 Do not connect extension cords in series with another extension cord or multi-tap
outlet.
 Use extension cords with Ground Fault Circuit Interruption (GFCI) protection during
maintenance and construction activities and in damp or wet locations.
 When not in use, store extension cords in a manner to prevent damage.
 Extension cords must be of equal or greater thickness to the device power cord they are
plugged into.
 Multi outlet extension cords without circuit protection are not permitted.
 Household use extension cords are not permitted.
 Do not keep unused extension cords plugged in and energized.

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Chapter 8: Flexible Cords and Portable Electrical Equipment

 Extension cords must be rated for hard or extra hard service (usage).
o Extension cord designations, definitions, and ratings are in Table 8.1
o Acceptable extension cords for use at Purdue University are in Table 8.2
o Unacceptable extension cords at Purdue University are in Table 8.3

Table 8.1 – Extension Cord Ratings Definitions and Designations

Rating Definition and Designation
S Service Grade, means Extra Hard Service (Usage) when not followed by J, V or P
J Hard Service (Usage)
V Vacuum Cleaner Cord or light duty cable
P Parallel Cord, this is light duty
E Thermoplastic Elastomer
O Oil Resistant outer jacket only
OO Oil Resistant outer jacket and conductor insulator
T Thermoplastic
W Outdoor use also UV resistant outer jacket and wet and damp rated conductors
H Heater cable
VW-1 Flame retardant
FT2 Flame retardant

Table 8.2 – Acceptable Extension Cords at Purdue University (Not a Complete Listing)
Combined
Definitions and Designations
Rating
SJEOOW Hard Service, Thermoplastic Elastomer, Oil Resistant Jacket and Conductor, Outdoor Use
SJOW Hard Service, Oil Resistant Jacket, Outdoor Use
SO Extra Hard Service, Oil Resistant Jacket
SJTW Hard Service, Thermoplastic, Outdoor Use, Hard Usage

Table 8.3 – Unacceptable Extension Cords at Purdue University (Not a Complete Listing)
Combined
Definitions and Designations
Rating
SPT-2 Parallel cord, Thermoplastic, Indoor use, two prong, Not Hard Usage
SPT-3 Parallel cord, Thermoplastic, Indoor use, three prong, Not Hard Usage
SVE Vacuum cleaner cord, thermoplastic elastomer, indoor use, Not Hard Usage

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 8: Flexible Cords and Portable Electrical Equipment

8.3 Portable Cord-and-Plug Devices

Portable cord and plug connected equipment and extension cords must be visually inspected
before use on any shift for external defects such as loose parts; deformed and missing pins; and
damage to outer jacket or insulation. The must also be inspected for possible internal damage
from a pinched or crushed outer jacket. Any defective cord or cord-and-plug-connected
equipment must be immediately removed from service and no person may use it until it is
repaired and tested to ensure it is safe for use.

Portable equipment must be handled in a manner that will not cause damage. Do not handle
electrical equipment using the cord. Flexible electric cords connected to equipment may not be
used for raising or lowering the equipment.

8.4 Lamps

Lamps for general illumination must be protected from accidental contact, damage, or
breakage either by elevating the fixture or by providing a suitable guard. Metal shell sockets
must be grounded. Hand lamps supplied by flexible cord must be equipped with a handle of
molded composition or other approved material and must be equipped with a substantial bulb
guard. Do not suspend temporary lights by their cords unless they have been designed for this
purpose.

8.5 Wet or Damp Locations

Work is prohibited in areas where there is standing water or other conductive liquids. Work in
wet or damp locations (i.e., areas surrounded or near water or other liquids) should not be
performed unless it is critical. If the work must be done, postpone it until standing water or
conductive liquid is removed and a dry barrier is placed over wet or damp work surface
surfaces.

All portable electric equipment and flexible cords used in highly conductive work locations or in
places where employees are likely to contact water or conductive liquids must be approved for
those locations. Use GFCI protection on electrical cords and keep them away from standing
water. Do not use electrical extension cords in wet or damp locations unless they are GFCI
protected. Portable lighting used in wet or conductive locations, such as tanks or boilers, must
be protected by GFCIs.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 9: Temporary Wiring

Chapter 9: Temporary Wiring

Temporary electrical power and lighting installations 600 volts or less, including flexible cords,
extension cords, and cables may only be used during and for renovation, maintenance, repair,
or experimental work. Temporary wiring used for decorative lighting, special events, and similar
purposes may not exceed 90 days. Temporary wiring shall be removed immediately following
completion of the project or the purpose for which the wiring was installed. The following
additional requirements apply:

9.1 Grounding and Electrical Connections

Ground-fault protection (i.e., GFCI) must be on all temporary-wiring circuits, including extension
cords, used for construction or maintenance activities. In addition, equipment and tools
connected by cord and plug must be grounded unless they are listed or labeled as “double
insulated” tools and appliances.

Receptacles must be of the grounding type unless installed in a complete metallic raceway.
Each branch circuit must contain a separate equipment-grounding conductor, and all
receptacles must be electrically connected to the grounding conductor.

Feeders must originate in an approved distribution center, such as a panel board rated for the
voltages and currents the system is expected to carry. Branch circuits must originate in an
approved power outlet or panel board and suitable disconnecting switches must be installed to
permit the disconnection of all ungrounded conductors of each temporary circuit. Neither bare
conductors nor earth returns may be used for the wiring of any temporary circuit.

9.2 Temporary Flexible cords and Cables

Flexible cords and cables must be of a listed type and rated for the location and intended use.
They may only be used for pendants, wiring of fixtures, connection of portable lamps or
appliances, elevators, hoists, connection of stationary equipment where frequently
interchanged, prevention of transmission of noise or vibration, data processing cables, or where
needed to permit maintenance or repair.

They may not be used as a substitute for the fixed wiring where run through holes in walls,
ceilings, or floors; where run through doorways, windows, or similar openings; where attached
to building surfaces; or where concealed behind building walls, ceilings, or floors. They must be
protected from accidental damage when they pass through doorways or other pinch points.
Avoid sharp corners and projections.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 9: Temporary Wiring

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 10: Working Space Around Electric Equipment (600 volts, nominal, or less)

Chapter 10: Working Space Around Electric Equipment

(600 volts, nominal, or less)

Sufficient access and working space shall be provided and maintained about all electric
equipment to permit ready and safe operating and maintenance of such equipment. Enclosures
that house electric apparatus and are controlled by lock and key shall be considered accessible
to qualified persons.

Working space for equipment operating at 600 volts, nominal, or less to ground and likely to
require examination, adjustment, services or maintenance while energized shall comply with
the dimensions of OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.303(g) and OSHA Table S-1 (Table 10.1)or as
required or permitted elsewhere in OSHA 1910 Subpart S (29 CFR 1910.303).

The depth of the working space in the direction of access to live parts may not be less than
indicated in OSHA Table S-1. Distances shall be measured from the live parts if they are exposed
or from the enclosure front or opening if they are enclosed.

The minimum headroom of working spaces about service equipment, switchboards,

panelboards, or motor control centers shall be 1.91 m (6.25 ft.) for installations built before
August 13, 2007. For installations built on or after August 13, 2007, 1.98 m (6.5 ft.), except that
where the electrical equipment exceeds 1.98 m (6.5 ft.) in height, the minimum headroom may
not be less than the height of the equipment. [29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)(vi)]

The minimum depth of clear working space at electric equipment, 600 V or less is provided in
OSHA Table S-1 from 29 CFR 1910.303 (g)(1)(vi)(B).

Table 10.1 – Minimum Depth of Clear Working Space at Electric Equipment, 600 V or Less
(OSHA Table S-1)
Minimum clear distance for condition 2 3
Nominal voltage to ground Condition A Condition B Condition C
m ft. m ft. m ft.
1 1 1 1
0-150 0.9 3.0 0.9 3.0 0.9 3.0
1 1
151-600 0.9 3.0 1.0 3.5 1.2 4.0
Notes to Table S-1:
1. Minimum clear distances may be 0.7 m (2.5 ft.) for installations built before April 16, 1981.
2. Conditions A, B, and C are as follows:
Condition A -- Exposed live parts on one side and no live or grounded parts on the other side of the
working space, or exposed live parts on both sides effectively guarded by suitable wood or other
insulating material. Insulated wire or insulated busbars operating at not over 300 volts are not
considered live parts.
Condition B -- Exposed live parts on one side and grounded parts on the other side.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 10: Working Space Around Electric Equipment (600 volts, nominal, or less)

Condition C -- Exposed live parts on both sides of the work space (not guarded as provided in
Condition A) with the operator between.
3. Working space is not required in back of assemblies such as dead-front switchboards or motor
control centers where there are no renewable or adjustable parts (such as fuses or switches) on the
back and where all connections are accessible from locations other than the back. Where rear access
is required to work on deenergized parts on the back of enclosed equipment, a minimum working
space of 762 mm (30 in.) horizontally shall be provided.

Low Voltage: Smaller working spaces can be permitted where all uninsulated parts operate at
not greater than 30 volts rms, 42 volts peak, or 60 volts DC.

Existing Buildings: In existing buildings, were electric equipment is being replaced, Condition
B is permitted between dead-front switch boards, panel boards, or motor control centers
located across the aisle from each other where maintenance conditions and supervision ensure
that written procedures have been adopted to prohibit equipment on both sides of the aisle
from being open at the same time. Only qualified electrical workers who are authorized will
service the installation.

Width of Working Space: The width of the working space in front of electrical equipment
shall be the width of the equipment or 750 mm (30 in.) whichever is greater. In all cases, the
working space shall permit at least a 90-degree opening of equipment doors or hinged panels.
[29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)(i)(B)]

Height of Working Space: The workspace shall be clear and extend from the grade, floor, or
platform to the height required by paragraph 29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)(vi). However, other
equipment associated with the electrical installation and located above or below the electric
equipment may extend not more than 153 mm (6 in.) beyond the front of the electric
equipment. [29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)(i)(C)]

Clear Spaces: Working space required by 29 CFR 1910.303(g) Table S-1 shall not be used for
storage. When normally enclosed energized parts operating at 50 volts and more are exposed
for inspection or service, the working space, if in a passageway or general open space shall be
suitably guarded. [29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)(iii)]

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Chapter 11: Access and Entrance to Working Space

Chapter 11: Access and Entrance to Working Space

Minimum Required: At least one entrance not less than 610 mm (24 in.) wide and 1.98 m (6.5
ft.) high shall be provided to give access to the working space about electric equipment.
[1910.303(g)(1)(iii) and 1910.303(g)(1)(iv)]

Large Equipment: On switchboard and control panels exceeding 1.83 m (6.0 ft.) in width,
there shall be one entrance at each end of such boards unless the location of the switchboards
and control panels permits a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from the work
space. [1910.303(g)(1)(iv)]

Unobstructed Exit: Where the location permits a continuous and unobstructed way of exit
travel, a single entrance to the working space shall be permitted. [1910.303(g)(1)(iv)(A)]

11.1 Illumination

General: Employees shall not enter spaces containing electrical hazards unless illumination is
provided that enables the employees to perform the work safely. [1910.303(g)(1)(v)]

Obstructed View of Work Area: Employees shall not perform any task within the Limited
Approach Boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or
more; or where an electrical hazard exists, when there is a lack of illumination or an obstruction
that prevents observation of the work to be performed.

11.2 Headroom

The minimum headroom of working spaces about service equipment, switchboards, panel
boards, or motor control centers shall be 1.98 m (6.5 ft.). Where the electrical equipment
exceeds 1.98 m (6.5 ft.) in height, the minimum headroom shall not be less than the height of
the equipment. [1910.303(g)(1)(vi)]

11.3 Dedicated Equipment Space

All switchboards, panel boards, distribution boards, and motor control centers shall be located
in dedicated spaces and protected from damage. Exception: Control equipment that by its very
nature or because of other rules of the standard must be adjacent to or within sight of the
operating machinery shall be permitted in those locations. [1910.303(g)(1)(vii)]

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 11: Access and Entrance to Working Space

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 12: Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment

Chapter 12: Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment

When work must be performed near overhead lines, the lines shall be de-energized and
grounded, or other protective measures shall be provided before work is started. If the lines are
to be de-energized, arrangements shall be made with the person or organization that operates
or controls the electric circuits involved to de-energize and ground them. If protective measures
(e.g., guarding, isolating, or insulating) are provided they shall prevent employees from
contacting power lines directly with any part of their body or indirectly through conductive
materials, tools, or equipment.

12.1 Elevated Equipment

Where any vehicle or mechanical equipment structure will be elevated near energized
overhead lines, they shall be operated so that the Limited Approach Boundary distance of NFPA
70E Table 130.4(C), column 2, is maintained. However, under any of the following conditions,
the clearances can be reduced:

If the vehicle is in transit with its structure lowered, the Limited Approach Boundary distance to
the overhead lines in NFPA 70E Table 130.4(C), column 2, can be reduced by 6 ft. If insulated
barriers, rated for the voltages involved, are installed and are not part of an attachment to the
vehicle, the clearance can be reduced to the design working dimensions of the insulating
barrier.

If an aerial lift insulated for the voltage involved, and the work is performed by a qualified
person, the clearance (between the un-insulated portion of the aerial lift and the power line)
can be reduced to the Restricted Approach Boundary given in NFPA 70E Table 130.4(C), column
4.

12.2 Equipment Contact

Employees standing on the ground shall not contact the vehicle or mechanical equipment or
any of its attachments, unless one of the following conditions applies:

 The employee is using protective equipment rated for the voltage.

 The equipment is located so that no un-insulated part of the structure (that portion of
the structure that provide a conductive path to employees on the ground) can come
closer to the line than permitted in NFPA 70 E 130.8(F)(1).

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 12: Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment

12.3 Equipment Grounding

If any vehicle or mechanical equipment capable of having parts of its structure elevated near
energized overhead lines is intentionally grounded, employees working on the ground near the
point of grounding shall not stand at the grounding location whenever there is a possibility of
overhead line contact. Additional precautions, such as the use of barricades or insulation, shall
be taken to protect employees from hazardous ground potentials (step and touch potential),
which can develop within a few feet or more outward from the ground point.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 13: Miscellaneous

Chapter 13: Miscellaneous

13.1 Research and Development Laboratories

The requirements of this section shall apply to the electrical installations in those areas with
custom or special electrical equipment or applications designated by the departmental
management as research and development (R&D) or laboratories. Examples of these
applications include low voltage–high current power systems; high voltage–low current power
systems; dc power supplies; capacitors; cable trays for signal cables and other systems, such as
steam, water, air, gas, or drainage; and custom-made electronic equipment.

Laboratory and R&D equipment or systems can pose unique electrical hazards that might
require mitigation. Such hazards include AC and DC, low voltage and high amperage, high
voltage and low current, large electromagnetic fields, induced voltages, pulsed power, multiple
frequencies, and similar exposures

Therefore, each laboratory or R&D system application shall be assigned a competent person (as
defined in this document) to ensure the use of appropriate electrical safety-related work
practices and controls. In addition, the equipment or systems used in the R&D area or in the
laboratory shall be listed or field evaluated prior to use.

13.2 Contractor Employees

Contractors’ Safety and Health programs are reviewed prior to being hired by the University.
Contractors are required to comply with applicable federal, state, local, and Purdue University
Safety and Health rules, regulations, and guidelines. In addition, all contractors’ employees
must follow their company Safety and Health program rules.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Chapter 13: Miscellaneous

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendices

Appendices

A. Regulatory References
B. Warning Labels
C. Instructions for Hazard Assessment/Energized Work Permit
C-1. Hazard Assessment for Electrical Work
C-2. Energized Electrical Work Permit
D. Risk Assessment Instructions and Risk Assessment Form
E. Electrical Cord Repair Guidelines for Physical Facilities
F. Example of Electrical Safety Training Checklist

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix A: Regulatory References

Appendix A:
Regulatory References

1. America National Standards Institute (ANSI)

2. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
3. IEEE 1584-2018, “Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations”
4. NFPA 70E, “Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace”, 2018 edition
5. OSHA 1910 Subpart J “General Environmental Controls”, (29 CFR 1910.147,
“The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout).”)
6. OSHA 1910 Subpart R “Special Industries” (29 CFR 1910.269, “Electric
Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution.”)
7. OSHA 1910 Subpart S “Electrical” (29 CFR 1910.301 – 29 CFR 1910.399)
8. Purdue University Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) Program
9. Purdue University Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Policy

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix B: Warning Labels

Appendix B:
Arc Flash and Shock Hazard Labels

(Prior to 2015)

(2015 to Present)

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix C: Hazard Assessment and Energized Electrical Work Permit Instructions

Appendix C:
Hazard Assessment and Energized Electrical Work Permit Instructions

INTRODUCTION

Promoting electrical safety is vital in every workplace and home.

 An average of more than 4,000 non-disabling and more than 3,600 disabling electrical
contact work-related injuries are recorded annually in the United States.
 One person is electrocuted in the home every 36 hours and one person is electrocuted
in the workplace every day.

The number of arc flash incidents in the United States is greater than many engineers realize
since most accidents do not make the daily news. Chicago-based Capelli-Schellpfeffer, Inc.
reports that five to 10 arc-flash injuries that result in hospitalization occur every day.

Severe arc-flash burns can cause a slow, painful death, but even when they are not lethal, they
can do serious damage. Hot gases can injure lungs and impair breathing. Even curable burns can
result in painful skin and tissue injury that can take weeks or months to heal. However, not all
arc-flash injuries are physical. Psychological effects like depression, job apprehension, and
family tension can also manifest themselves. Therefore, avoiding any burn is important in terms
of time, money, and a person's wellbeing.

Although OSHA doesn't directly state what to do about arc-flash hazards, the personal
protective equipment (PPE) standard (29 CFR 1910.132(d)(1)) requires employers to evaluate
the workplace for hazards. The employer must select and require the use of appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE) for its employees based on these evaluations

Addressing the Hazard at Hand: NFPA 70E focus is on electrical safety and the way in which
a worker plans and executes a task. When it is necessary to work on energized equipment,
written work permits that include a description of the work to be done and the safety hazards
involved should be issued. However, wearing the proper safety equipment for the risk hazard
involved does not guarantee that a worker will remain free from injury or burns. Its purpose is
to reduce deaths and life threatening burns to the chest and face areas.

Electric Hazard: Electricity-related hazards include electric shock and burns, arc-flash burns,
arc-blast impacts, and falls.

 Electric Shock and Burns: An electric shock occurs when electric current passes through
your body. This can happen when you touch an energized part. If the electric current

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix C: Hazard Assessment and Energized Electrical Work Permit Instructions

passes across the chest or head, you can be killed. At high voltages, severe burns can
result.
 Arc-Flash Burns: An electric arc flash can occur if a conductive object gets too close to a
high-amp current source or by equipment failure (for instance, while opening or closing
disconnects). The arc can heat the air to temperatures as high as 35,000° F, and vaporize
metal in the equipment. The arc flash can cause severe skin burns by direct heat
exposure and by igniting clothing.
 Arc-Blast Impacts: The heating of the air and vaporization of metal creates a pressure
wave that can damage hearing and cause memory loss (from concussion) and other
injuries. Flying metal parts are also a hazard.
 Falls: Electric shocks and arc blasts can cause falls, especially from ladders or unguarded
scaffolding.

NFPA 70E REQUIREMENTS

Working On or Near Live Parts: Energized electrical conductor or circuit parts to which an
employee might be exposed shall be put into an electrically safe work condition before an
employee works within the Limited Approach Boundary of those conductors or parts.

 Greater Hazard: Energized work shall be permitted where the employer can
demonstrate that deenergizing introduces additional or increased hazards.
 Infeasibility: Energized work shall be permitted where the employer can demonstrate
that the task to be performed is infeasible in a deenergized state due to equipment
design or operational limitations.
 Less Than 50 Volts: Energized electrical conductors and circuit parts that operate at less
than 50 volts to ground shall not be required to be deenergized where the capacity of
the source and any overcurrent protection between the energy source and the worker
are considered and it is determined that there will be no increased exposure to
electrical burns or to explosion due to electric arcs.

Informational Notes
1. Examples of additional hazards or increased risk include, but are not limited to, interruption of life
support equipment, deactivation of emergency alarm systems, and shutdown of hazardous
location ventilation equipment.
2. Examples of work that might be performed within the Limited Approach Boundary of exposed
energized electrical conductors or circuit parts because of infeasibility due to equipment design or
operational limitations include performing diagnostics and testing (e.g., start-up or
troubleshooting) of electric circuits that can only be performed with the circuit energized and
work on circuits that form an integral part of a continuous process that would otherwise need to
be completely shut down in order to permit work on one circuit or piece of equipment.
3. The occurrence of arcing fault inside an enclosure produces a variety of physical phenomena very
different from a bolted fault. For example, the arc energy resulting from an arc developed in air
will cause a sudden pressure increase and localized overheating. Equipment and design practices

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix C: Hazard Assessment and Energized Electrical Work Permit Instructions

are available to minimize the energy levels and the number of at-risk procedures that require an
employee to be exposed to high level energy sources. Proven designs such as arc-resistant
switchgear, remote racking (insertion or removal), remote opening and closing of switching
devices, high-resistance grounding of low-voltage and 5 kV (nominal) systems, current limitation,
and specification of covered bus within equipment are techniques available to reduce the hazard
of the system.

Energized Electrical Work Permit: When working on energized electrical conductors or circuit
parts that are not placed in an electrically safe work condition (i.e., for the reasons of increased
or additional hazards or infeasibility per 130.2), work to be performed shall be considered
energized electrical work and shall be performed by written permit only.

Exceptions: An energized electrical work permit shall not be required if a qualified person is
provided with and uses appropriate safe work practices and PPE in accordance with this plan
under any of the following conditions:

1. Testing, troubleshooting and voltage measuring

2. Thermography and visual inspections if the restricted approach boundary is not crossed
3. Access to and egress from an area with energized electrical equipment if no electrical
work is performed and the restricted approach boundary is not crossed.

FORM COMPLETION INSTRUCTIONS

Hazard Assessment for Electrical Work: This form should be filled out prior to any electrical
work inside the Limited Approach or Arc Flash Boundaries. This includes testing and trouble
shooting. Fill out sections 1-6 using information from Job/Work Order, arc flash label and/or
NFPA 70E Approach Boundary, Arc Flash Category, and PPE tables. The employee performing
the work shall sign and date the Hazard Assessment form.

Energized Electrical Work Permit: If an Energized Electrical Work Permit is required,

complete it on the back side of the Hazard Assessment form.

Part I

This information in this section must be completed by the individual and/or

department requesting the work.

Part II

Evidence of Job Briefing would include but is not limited to:

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix C: Hazard Assessment and Energized Electrical Work Permit Instructions

 General: Before starting each job, the employee in charge shall conduct a job
briefing with the employees involved. The briefing shall cover such subjects as
hazards associated with the job, work procedures involved, special precautions,
energy source, and personal protective equipment requirements.
 Repetitive or Similar Tasks: If the work or operations to be performed during the
work day or shift are repetitive and similar, at least one job briefing shall be
conducted before the start of the first job or each day or shift. Additional job
briefings shall be held if significant changes that might affect the safety of
employees occur during the course of the work.
 Routine Work: A brief discussion shall be satisfactory if the work involved is
routine and if the employee, by virtue of training and experience, can reasonably
be expected to recognize and avoid the hazards involved in the job. A more
extensive discussion shall be conducted if either of the following apply:
o The work is complicated or particularly hazardous
o The employee cannot be expected to recognize and avoid the hazards
involved in the job.

Agreement Work Can Be Done Safely: This requires that two electrically qualified
workers agree and sign off that the energized work can performed safely. One of the
signatures may be by the supervisor if electrically qualified.

Part III

Approval to Perform Electrically Energized Work: Approval requires signature of the

qualified employees’ supervisor. In Physical Facilities, the supervisor is required to be
electrically qualified person.

Part IV

Documentation of Electrically Energized Work: Once work has been completed, the
administrative supervisor (Zone Leader, Shop Supervisor, etc.) provides a signature that
work has been completed. Forward a copy of the completed form to REM/HAMP.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix C-1: Hazard Assessment for Electrical Work

Appendix C-1:
Hazard Assessment for Electrical Work Form

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix C-2: Energized Electrical Work Permit

Appendix C-2:
Energized Electrical Work Permit Form

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix D: Hazard Risk Assessment Instructions

Appendix D:
Hazard Risk Assessment Instructions

To perform a hazard risk assessment, use the instructions and risk rating scale (Table D.1):
1. List the task.
2. State the safety concerns, which are the possible hazards of the task.
3. If performing an assessment for an area like a shop or zone, state the number of employees
performing the task. If you are filling the form out individually, leave space blank. (REM will
compile cumulative results).
4. List what existing controls are used to decrease or eliminate the hazard.
5. Then rate on a scale from 1-5 the frequency (F), how often you perform the task; likelihood of
the hazard occurring (L); and the severity (S) of possible harm from the hazard. Multiply the
three parameters to find the Risk rating (R).

Table D.1 – Risk Rating Scale

Exposure Opportunity Chance of Occurrence Degree of Harm
Rating
(Frequency) (Likelihood) (Severity)
1 Less than 1 time per month Highly Unlikely First Aid
2 Less than 1 time per week Unlikely Medical Treatment
3 Less than 1 time per shift Possible Lost time, full recovery
4 Greater than 1 time per shift Probable Some permanent impairment
5 At all times Highly Probable Major permanent impairment or death

Examples of completed hazard risk assessments for testing and troubleshooting on an energized 480
volt circuit prior to and after mitigation are provides below (Table D.2 and Table D.3).

Table D.2 – Example of Risk Assessment Prior to Mitigation

R
Safety Concern Exposure Existing Controls F L S
(F*L*S)
100+ Electricians and
Electrical Shock Only 50% PPE use observed 4 4 3 48
Technicians Every Day
100+ Electricians and
Arc Flash Only 50% PPE use observed 4 2 5 40
Technicians Every Day

Table D.3 – Example of Risk Assessment After Mitigation

R
Safety Concern Exposure Existing Controls F L S
(F*L*S)
Increased observed PPE use
100+ Electricians and
Electrical Shock to 99% after training and 4 1 1 4
Technicians Every Day
increased supervision
Increased observed PPE use
100+ Electricians and
Arc Flash to 99% after training and 4 2 2 16
Technicians Every Day
increased supervision

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix D-1: Hazard Risk Assessment

Appendix D-1:
Hazard Risk Assessment Form

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix E: Electrical Cord Repair Guidelines for Physical Facilities

Appendix E:
Electrical Cord Repair Guidelines for Physical Facilities

 All cord repairs should be done by Tool Crib or Equipment Repair Shop
personnel, not other shops or zone employees

 One shrink wrap repair per cord. The cord would be replaced on the
second repair

 Shrink wrap should cover no greater than 12 inches of cord

 Cord must retain its original flexibility after the repair

 If the inner conductor insulation is compromised, the cord will be replaced

 Replacement cord will be of the same gauge or larger.

 No repairs to cords used on floor scrubbers, wet vacuums or other

equipment used in wet conditions.

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix F: Example Electrical Safety Training Checklist

Appendix F:
Example Electrical Safety Training Checklist

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 Electrical Safety Program
Appendix F: Example Electrical Safety Training Checklist

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