Oxford Journals—Chicago Manual of Style Copyediting Style Guide

Journal: The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization

Customer: Oxford Journals
For matters that are not specifically addressed here, please follow the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (if CMS has
more than one option, PEs must specify which option should be used)

FRONT MATTER (running heads and first page)

Left running head (lrh) Style The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, V# N#

Example The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, V20 N2

Right running head (rrh) Style Title case
Example Strategic Plaintiffs and Ideological Judges (if not provided by
the author, provide it and query the author)
Opening page Style NA
C headers Possible TOC NA
heading that
journal uses for
online publication
Manuscript category/subject Style NA
section variations
Style for different article Commentaries— NA
types Style
Teaching NA
techniques
Editorial NA
Book review NA
Other Editor’s Note (in bold)
Text follows and the author name and title are provided at the
end (without any affiliation details)
Special issues/supplements Style NA
Article type Style NA
Article Title Style In bold; title case
Capitalization Always capitalize the first and last words both in titles and in
subtitles and all other major words (nouns, pronouns, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs, and some conjunctions). (2) Lowercase
the articles the, a, and an. (3) Lowercase prepositions,
regardless of length, except when they are stressed (through
in A River Runs Through It), are used adverbially or
adjectivally (up in Look Up, down in Turn Down, on in The
On Button, etc.), are used as conjunctions (before in Look
Before You Leap, etc.), or are part of a Latin expression used
adjectivally or adverbially (De Facto, In Vitro, etc.). (4)
Lowercase the conjunctions and, but, for, or, nor. (5)
Lowercase the words to and as in any grammatical function,
for simplicity's sake. (6) Lowercase the second part of a
species name, such as lucius in Esox lucius, or the part of a
proper name that would be lowercased in text, such as de or
von. For words that can be used as prepositions, as adverbs,
or as adjectives, consult Webster (Chicago 8.167)
 Capitalization after Capitalized (Chicago 8.173)
colon or em dash
Capitalization after (1) Always capitalize the first element. (2) Capitalize any
hyphen subsequent elements unless they are articles, prepositions,
coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, or, nor) or such
modifiers as flat or sharp following musical key symbols. (3) If
the first element is merely a prefix or combining form that
could not stand by it self as a word (anti, pre, etc.), do not
capitalize the second element unless it is a proper noun or
proper adjective. (4) Do not capitalize the second element in a
hyphenated spelled-out number (twenty-one, etc.) (Chicago
8.170)
Example Sugar-and-Spice Stories for Girls or Boys
Record-Breaking Borrowings from Medium-Sized Libraries
Cross-Stitching for Beginners
The E-flat Concerto
Self-Sustaining Reactions
A Two-thirds Majority of Non-English-Speaking
Representatives
Anti-intellectual Pursuits
Twenty-first Birthday (exception: Twenty-First-Century
History)
Abbreviations Do not define abbreviations in the title. Can use abbreviation if
the expansion is too long.
Years 1914–18 (Chicago 9.67)
Numbers Should be spelled out at the beginning of a title
Others Capitalize words that are normally upper case (proper nouns,
etc.)
Example Strategic Plaintiffs and Ideological Judges in
Telecommunications Litigation: A Case Study
Author Placement Below the article title
Style Title case; each authors name in a separate line irrespective of
shared affiliations
Example Claudia M. Landeo
Maxim Nikitin
Name Follow author
Degrees and Titles Not given
Suffix Author suffixes allowed; follows author name without comma
(Chicago 6.49)
Separators No separators. New line for each author
Do not insert ‘and’ before final author
Example John P. Ward
Richard Sockett III
David C. Nixon Jr.
Layout Each author is on a separate line, regardless of shared
affiliations. Do not change the order of authors
Example John P. Ward
Loughborough University
Richard Sockett
 University of Nottingham
David C. Nixon Jr.
Lithuania University
Affiliation NA
designators
Combining NA
affiliations
Designator NA
separator
Designator order NA
Corresponding Retain if provided by the author. Asterisk is used as the
Author designator. (Even for single author)
Example *Department of Political Science, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, UK. Email: [email protected].
Corresponding Author Placement Footnote on first page. Not essential if not provided by author
Style Department, Institute, City, Country, Email
More than 1 Allowed
corresponding
author
US State name Postal codes used if provided by the author
Country name Can retain if provided by the author. For US-based institutions,
use "USA" for country
Telephone/Fax Not required
E-mail Can retain if provided by the author
Example *Department of Political Science, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, UK. Email: [email protected].
**Department of Public Administration, University of Texas at
Austin. Email: [email protected].
Author Affiliation Style Only institution or university name
Example University of Nottingham
Placement Following each author's name in a separate line
Elements required Only institution or university name required
Postal address NA
State name (USA) NA
Country name NA
Separators NA
Designator NA
Multiple Run on with an 'and' before the last affiliation
affiliations
Example Princeton University and NBER
Present address On a separate line below the Acknowledge footnote
Example Kenneth Corts is now at the Rotman School of Management,
University of Toronto
Dates Placement NA
(received/revised/accepted)
Style and example NA
Accession numbers Style NA
Dedication Style NA
Abstract Heading Not titled
Style One paragraph, not bold
 Abbreviations Used if they appear more than once; spelled out at the first
occurrence and abbreviated subsequently
Genus species The specific (Latin) names of plants and animals are italicized.
The genus name is capitalized, and the species name (even if it
is a proper adjective) is lowercased. At the second mention of
the Genus species, the Genus name is abbreviated (when not at
the start of a new sentence)(Chicago 8.127–8.133)
Others This journal has decided to implement browse-by-subject using
JEL codes. These codes will be need to be set in parenthesis
after the abstract text.

Mail update on 09/03/2010

For economics titles using JEL codes, the codes supplied by the
author should be checked against the list here:
http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.php. The
code must match the three-character codes on this site exactly.
If it is not clear which code is intended, an author query should
be raised.

Example: (JEL D8, G1)

They will also need to be kept as part of the abstract paragraph

and they need to be included in the source data for the article.
They should be added in the correction stage of each article.
The standard query should be worded as follows:

Please provide the JEL codes. If you have any question

regarding JEL codes, please go to the following web site: http://
www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html.
Reference citation The reference details inserted in the abstract citation should be
in abstract formatted as in the reference list. (Mail 6 August 2009)
Example de Figueiredo, John M., and Emerson H. Tiller. 1996.
“Congressional Control of the Courts: A Theoretical and
Empirical Analysis of Expansion of the Federal Judiciary,” 39
Journal of Law and Economics 435–62.
Copyright line Issue format NA
PAP format NA
Open access NA
Creative commons NA
licence
Key Words Style NA
Example NA
FOOTNOTES
Style Order Footnotes for corresponding author designated using asterisk, acknowledgements,
present address, textual footnotes (ordered sequentially as in the order of appearance
in the text).
Example *Department of Political Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Email: [email protected].
**Department of Public Administration, University of Texas at Austin. Email:
[email protected].
 The authors wish to thank Alice Watson and Shirley Thomas for data collection.
Kenneth Corts is now at the Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto.
1. Relevant work from the transaction cost and hold-up literatures includes Goas
(1937), Williamson (1979, 1987), and Spier (1992).
Affiliation NA
*
Corresponding Division of Genetics, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham,
author Nottingham, UK. Email: [email protected].
**Department of Economics, University of Alberta. Email: [email protected].
Present address On a separate line below the Acknowledge footnote.
Example Kenneth Corts is now at the Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto.
Acknowledgem Allowed as footnote
ent
Example We are grateful to A. Jones for reviewing our manuscript.
Other Textual Textual footnote allowed (numbered sequentially as in order of appearance in the
footnotes footnotes text, set in superscript and placed after punctuation)

HEADINGS
Style
Headings Are numbered
Examples Introduction, other sections (can be retained if provided by the author), References
1st level Numbered/Bold/Title case
Example 1. Introduction
2nd level Numbered/Roman/Title case
Example 1.1 The Collection and Campaign
3rd level Numbered/Roman/Title case with end point/run on with text
Example 1.1.1 Players and Playoffs. The reader will then notice that …
4th level Unnumbered/Roman/Title case with end point/run on with text
Example Players and Playoffs. The reader will then notice that …
Numbered Allowed
headings
Others Appendix
Theorems, Lemmas, Proposition, Corollary, etc., should be in uppercase lowercase in
italics. Follow author in numbering of these, i.e., Theorem 1 or Theorem 2.1.
GENERAL STYLE
Spelling US Follow Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary
spelling
Editing Edit level Heavy edit
level
required
Hyphenatio Prefixes Check Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary
n that do
not
require
hyphenat
ion
Prefixes Check Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary
that
require
hyphenat
ion
 Do not Check Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary
hyphenat
e
Others Phrasal adjectives are hyphenated in the following instances: (1) if it is placed before a
noun; (2) if more than one phrasal adjective modifies a single noun; (3) if a compound
noun is an element of a phrasal adjective, the entire compound noun must be hyphenated;
and (4) if two phrasal adjectives end in a common element, the ending element should
appear only with the second phrase, and a suspension hyphen should follow the unattached
words to show that they are related to the ending element. (Chicago 5.92)
Examples: (1) dog-eat-dog competition, (2) college-football-halftime controversy, video-
game-magazine dispute, (3) state-inspected assisted-living facility, and (4) choral- and
instrumental-music programs
Dashes En dash Ranges and open-compound words (example: 30–38 days later; post–World War II years,
but non-English-speaking person). En dash can be used by itself to indicate that something
is still going on (example: Jane Doe 1963–). It can be used to link a city name to the name
of a University that has more than one campus (example: the University of Wisconsin–
Madison) (Chicago 6.83–6.86)
Em dash (1) To set off an explanatory element (he was—so he said—a man); (2) to separate
subject(s) from a pronoun (example: Broken promises, petty rivalries, and false rumors—
such were the obstacles he encountered); (3) indicating sudden breaks (example: Will he—
can he—obtain the necessary signatures?); (4) 2 em dashes represent a missing word or par
of a word (Admiral N—– and Lady R—– were among the guests); (5) 3 em dashes are used
in references to represent the same author(s) as in the preceding entry (Chicago 6.87–6.94)
Hyphen Use hyphens for equal weight.
Commas (1) Items in a series are normally separated by commas; (2) an adverbial or participial
phrase at the beginning of a sentence is usually followed by a comma; (3) a comma is not
used after an introductory adverbial or participial phrase that immediately precedes the verb
it modifies; (4) commas set off parenthetical elements; (5) a phrase that is restrictive, that
is, essential to the meaning of the noun it belongs to, should not be set off by commas; (6) a
nonrestrictive phrase, however, should be enclosed in commas; (7) compound sentence
commas are followed; (8) compound predicate comma is not allowed; (9) commas precede
and succeed "for example" and "that is" and the abbreviated forms of these (Chicago 6.18–
6.56); (10) in dates (example: April 5, 2005, was his birthday); and (11) as a thousand
separator in five or more digits (example: $15,000)
Capitalizati After When a colon introduces two or more sentences or when it introduces a speech in dialogue or
on colon an extract, the first word following it is capitalized. When a colon is used within a sentence,
the first word following the colon is lowercased unless it is a proper name (Chicago 6.64)
Variables Follow author and make consistent
Experime Follow author and make consistent
nt, Day,
etc.
Italicization Emphasis For key terms only at the first occurrence; parts of sentences can be italicized, but never
entire sentences (Chicago 7.49 and 7.57)
Foreign Unfamiliar isolated phrases and terms; familiar terms and phrases and those listed in the
terms Webster are not italicized (Chicago 7.51 and 7.54)
Variables Italics and make consistent
and x axis; y axis
Statistica
l terms
Greek Roman
 variables
Multilett Roman
er
variables
Others Cartesian 'C caps'
Language Word list Preferred words are listed below
Preferred Paper/article
words While/whereas/although
Insure/ensure
Rely on
Versus (other than for cases)
Web site
black people
Quotation Double; comma and full point within quotes; colon, semicolon, question mark, and
marks exclamation marks outside unless a question mark or an exclamation point belongs within
the quoted material. (Chicago 6.120)
Double; within double quotations, single quotations used.
." ," "; ":
Block Within block quotations, double quotation marks are used
quotation "sic" is set in italics and is inserted in square brackets following a word misspelled or
s wrongly used in the original. (Chicago Chapter 11)
Quotations/ Allowed
Extracts in
text
Latin terms Style Familiar terms and phrases and those listed in the Webster not italicized (Chicago 10.60–
10.65)
ex ante, ex post (spaced, roman)
Abbrevia Common Latin abbreviations are in roman
tions et al., ibid., etc.
i.e., e.g. (inside parentheses; otherwise, spelled out)
Parentheses {([])} in text
{[()]} in math (Chicago 6.97–6.103)
Brackets {([])} in text
{[()]} in math (Chicago 6.104–6.108)
Slash (1) Used for alternatives (example: he/she); (2) to mean and in technical contexts (example
insertion/deletion mutation); (3) to indicate the last part of one year and the first part of the
next (example: 2001/2) (4) in units to mean "per" (example: 110 km/s) (Chicago 6.111–
6.119)
Genus Style The specific (Latin) names of plants and animals are italicized. The genus name is
species capitalized, and the species name (even if it is a proper adjective) is lowercased. After the
first use the genus name may be abbreviated to a single capital letter. If two or more species
of the same genus are listed together, the abbreviation is repeated with each species. But if
species of different genera beginning with the same letter are discussed in the same context
different abbreviations must be used. Subspecies and variety names, when used, follow the
specific name and are also italicized. In horticultural usage, the abbreviations "subsp.,"
"var.," and "f." (not italicized) are inserted before the subspecies, variety, or form names.
The abbreviations "sp." and "var.", when used without a following element, indicate that
the species or variety is unknown or unspecified. The plural "spp." is used to refer to a
group of species. The abbreviations are not italicized. The name of the person who
proposed a specific name is sometimes added, often abbreviated, and never italicized.
 (Chicago 8.127–8.133)
Lists Display Follow author; 1., 2., I, II, etc., all allowed (Chicago 6.124–6.130)
In-text Both (a), (b) and (1), (2) allowed
Example I. Historical introduction
(display) A. Reptilia
B. Mammalia
1. Histology
(i) Primates
Example The lecturer will expound on (a) glyceraldehyde, (b) erythrose, and (c) arabinose
(in-text)
Sequences Table/ma NA
in text
Run-on NA
Geography USA United States (n), US (adj.) (Chicago 15.34)
U.K. United Kingdom (n), UK (adj.)
US In running text, the names of states, territories, and possessions of the United States should
States always be spelled out when standing alone and (except for DC) when following the name
of a city (Chicago 15.29)
Coordina 36º09′39″ N, 106º45′19″ W
tes lat 42º15′09″ S, long 89º17′45″ E (Chicago 15.39)
Time and Date April 5, 2005 (but 5 April 2005 in parentheses) (Chicago 6.46)
dates 5:22 a.m.; 0950; 1500 hours (or 1500 h) (Chicago 9.42)

SOURCES OF MATERIALS
Style Follow author
Supplier name Allowed
Supplier Allowed, only at the first occurrence
location
Others Courtesy of The Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois. (Chicago 4.95)

ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviati
on
Title Abbreviation can be allowed if too long to spell out
In Headings Abbreviation already defined in text can be used in the heading. Do not define in the
heading. Abbreviation alone cannot constitute a heading.
Define both in abstract and text; spell out if there is only one occurrence
At the Once defined abbreviation can be used except for Genus species abbreviations
beginning of
sentence
In Figures Abbreviation already defined in text can be used
In Table Abbreviation already defined in text can be used
Commonly used % in conjunction with numerals, and spelled out when not accompanying numerals.
abbreviations 2D, follow author
Latin Use 'for example' and 'that is' outside parentheses and 'e.g.' and 'i.e.' inside
abbreviations parentheses
Chemical Follow author
compounds
Concentrations
Plurals Allowed. For uppercase abbreviations, "s" follows the abbreviated word. For
 uppercase and lowercase alphabets mixed to form an abbreviation, apostrophe
followed by the letter "s" is used. Example: URLs; x's; PhD's, 1990s (Chicago 7.15
and 7.16)
Author names Name in full (not abbreviated) in the form Forename Surname
(one of us)
Example William J. Smith
Names (other Provide full names in the form Forename Surname
than the
authors)
Journal
specific
abbreviation
s
No need to spell NA
out
Do not NA
abbreviate
Query Query the author for the abbreviations to be spelled out if not common

TECHNICAL STYLE
Number Less than 10 is spelled out; mixed series is in numerals; spell out and hyphenate common
style fractions; large numbers in the form "4 billion"; spell out the easier number for consecutive
numerical expression; commas used as thousand separator for five or more digits (Chicago
chapter 9)
Ordinals one to nine, spell out; more than 10, numerals (10th)

19th century.
Modifiers One-third, two-third (adj and noun), but one quarters
Roman Roman numerals used for (1) sovereigns, emperors, popes, and Orthodox patriarchs with
numerals the same name; (2) for manuscript authors' names, if provided by the author; (3) with
names of ships, boats, and the like; (4) to differentiate two chapter titles with the same
subject matter; (5) in legal instruments and other documents (if doubtful, prefer Arabic);
and (6) in displayed lists, if provided by the author. (Chicago 9.69–9.71)
-fold words two-fold; 100-fold
Units of m, kg, s, A, K, mol, cd; use thin space for thousand separator in numerals with units
measure (Chicago chapter 9); Ton (t), hour (h), L allowed; s, min, h, d, week, month, year; 40°C,
30°C, –40°C; 1%, from 31% to 38%, 30%–89%; only closed up units are repeated
Greek Roman
character
Statistical Probabilit p, leading zero provided
style y
Statistical Italics
variables
Standard Use SE (standard error) and SD (standard deviation) in tables without spelling out, even if
error/devi not defined in text; but spell out and abbreviate in text
ation
Tests Follow author and make consistent
Abbreviat Spell out at first occurrence and then use the abbreviation
ions
Math style Follow Math into type. Use word space for operator spaces in word; default space is
 provided in Math type for operators; if superscript and subscript appear together, then
stack; equations in the main body of the paper should be numbered (1), (2), (3), etc.
Equations within the appendixes should be numbered (A1), (A2), (A3), etc., in Appendix A
(or in the only appendix); (B1), (B2), (B3), etc., in Appendix B; and so on. Equation
numbers should be flush right at the end of displayed equations. All displayed equations
need not be numbered (Chicago chapter 14)
Inline Side limits for summation, integral, etc.
equations
Display Side limits for summation, integral, etc.
equation
Others Differential ‘d’, exponential ‘e’ are roman
Journal- Citation Section 2.1, Appendix A
specific of
style points sections
Equations Leave as author has written, in order to avoid mistakes
Citation Citation in the text is "equation (2)"
If a range of equations is cited, the range should be written as "equations (2)–(5)"

TABLES AND FIGURES

Tables

Caption Title case, with no end period (lower case inside the parenthesis).
Table 1. Litigant Status Rankings (weakest at top) Used in Six Articles
Genus species Genus species in caption at 1st occurrence, but abbreviations need not be spelled out
again if already defined in the text
Capitalization Cap and italicize things normally capped and italicized
Legend Undesignated footnote
Footnotes
Undesignated These will be the first item under the table, before the designated footnotes.

Designated This appears second. Use superscripted, italicized letters

Designator Comma—a and a,b and a–d
separator

Probability *, **, and *** for p values

Footnote Undesignated, designated, probability (separate lines)
order
Column heads Sentence case, roman, light face, cap proper nouns; n is italic (lower case inside the
parenthesis)
Stub column Sentence case, roman, light face, cap proper nouns
Other columns Sentence case, roman, light face, cap proper nouns
Dashes em dash
Others Do not indent turnovers
Abbreviations
In caption Ok if already defined in text, otherwise define in footnote
Footnote Estimated coefficients and SEs (in parentheses) are reported. Estimation using
style Spacestat v1.93 (Anselin 1995). Control variables are those listed in Table B1.
Regressions include weights to control for the AddHealth survey design. NS, not
 significant.
a
t-test.
χ test.
b 2

*,**Significant at the 10% and 5% levels, respectively.

Citations (Table 1); Table 2; (Fig. 2 and Tables 3–6)
Query If BOLD or ITALICS values are given in Tables, please raise the following query
wording:
“Please provide suitable wording for the table footnote to give the meaning of the
bold/italic values”
Figure Caption is "Figure 1. Sentencing Process."
Capitalization of part figures as in artwork.
Citation: Figure 1; Figures 1–4
Other Figures are not copy-edited; only spelling errors and factually wrong information are
information corrected.
Other items to NA
be treated as
figures
Photograph NA
s

BACK MATTER
Acknowled Style First footnote, undesignated
gements
Funding We will shortly be introducing a new section into many of our journal articles, called
‘Funding’. This will include information that has previously been in the
Acknowledgements section or in footnotes.

Authors will be asked to include this section in their articles as standard. If this paragraph is
not present in articles for the attached list of journals, please query the author but do not
chase if nothing is forthcoming. Use the following query text: ‘Remember that any funding
used while completing this work should be highlighted in a separate Funding section.
Please ensure that you use the full official name of the funding body’.

During the copyediting process, you should ensure that the paragraph follows the following
rules:
Rules for authors/typesetters to follow:
o Funding agency written out in full, i.e. not NIH
o Grant number in brackets
o Multiple grant numbers separated by comma and space
o Agencies separated by semi-colon.
o No extra wording like 'Funding for this work was provided by ...'.
o Where individuals need to be specified for certain sources of funding add 'to [author
initials]'.
o No Funding information should be given anywhere else.
o This is also the new place for open access funding acknowledgements.
o Note the new standard text for the open access funding sentence.

An example of how a Funding section should look is below:

 Funding
National Institutes of Health (CB5453961 to C.S., DB645473) to M.H.; Thingy Funding
Agency (hfygr667789). Funding for open access charge: National Institutes of Health
(CB5453961).
Supplemen Use Used
tary Data
Style and Supplementary material
Example Supplementary material is available at Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization online.
Conflict of Use Allowed, if provided by the author
Interest
statement
Style and Provided just before the References. Style to be followed:
Example Conflict of interest statement. None declared.
Open access Use NA
funding
agency
statement
Example NA
Appendix Style Appendix A, B, etc. (no point) (even though only one appendix is given, it is styled as
“Appendix A”)
Heading Appendix A
level 1
Heading Technical Clarifications
level 2
Heading Proofs.
level 3
Placemen Before References
t
Theorem, Theorem 1. Whether variable fees are higher, the same, or lower in a common agency as
etc compared to a single agency can be determined by the sign of
Equation (A1), (A2), etc.
numberin
g
Table Table A1, Table A2, etc.
numberin
g
Figure Figure A1
labels

REFERENCES
Heading Style References
Order General Alphabetical
Several works List more than one publication by the same author in chronological order by date of
of same first publication, beginning with the earliest.
author
Order by year
Single author
Order alphabetically by title and add lowercase letters (e.g., 1970a; 1970b)
Same
author(s), same
 year
Several works Order alphabetically by forename (and include initials in the citations) (Chicago
of authors with 16.108)
same surname
Group authors Followed by period
(Agency,
Association or
Institution)
Author “Anonymous.” or “Anon.” in first entry, then followed by three em dash (Chicago
designated as 17.33)
Anonymous
Author Name style "Last name, Forename" for the first author; for subsequent authors style is
"Forename Surname"
Initials Both initials and spelled out forenames allowed
Suffix Allowed
et al. More than 10, use et al. (Chicago 17.30)
For references with ten authors or fewer, all should be listed; for references with
eleven or more, only the first seven should be listed, followed by "et al."
Wiesner, R., E. Edwards, R. Freeman, A. Harper, R. Kim, P. Kamath, W. Kremers,
et al. 2003.
Separators
Comma
Authors
Comma
Surname and
initials (for first
author)
Comma (Chicago 18.41)
Initials and
suffix
Comma and “and”
Two authors
Comma and "and" before last author name
More than
two authors
Group author Listed as author even if it is also the publisher. Abbreviations (clarified by a cross-
ref.) can be used for long names cited several times. (Chicago 17.47)
Three em dash Used for identical author name(s)
Punctuation at Period
end of element
Editor Editor as author “, ed.” “, eds” follows author field
Publication General Style Year
date
Forthcoming
In press
"n.d." used
No date
available
Punctuation at Period
end of element
Title of General style Title case
Article
(journal
and book)
or Chapter
Capitalization Cap words of five or more than letters
Italicization Book and Journal title italicized
Punctuation at Comma
end of element
Journal Title style Complete title in italics (delete “The” in the journal title)
(includes
all
periodicals)
Abbreviation NA
Volume number Precedes the journal title
Issue number Omitted if the pagination is continuous throughout the volume (Chicago 17.163)
Page range Truncated
Book Title style Title case, Italic
(includes
all other
nonperiodi
cals)
Capitalization All five or more letter words
(preposition)
Edition “. 3rd ed.” “. Exp. ed.” Follows the book title
Page range Truncated, before the publisher details (preceded by a comma and followed by a
period)
Volume number Vol.
Publisher name Follows the book title
Publisher Postal codes used for U.S. states
location
Others Unpublished Not allowed in reference list (query the author to move to the list)
material/manusc
ript draft
Unpublished Brenner, Saul. 1998. Organized Interests Before the Supreme Court: Setting the
paper Agenda." Unpublished Paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American
Political Science Association.
Working Paper Cameron, David R. 1980. "Economic Inequality in the Advanced Capitalist
Societies: A Comparative Analysis." Prepared for delivery at the Harvard University
Center for European Studies and the Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on
Public Policy, 1979–80.
Bebchuk, L., J. Coates, and G. Subramanian. 2003. "The Power of Takeover
Defenses." Working Paper, Harvard Law School.
Electronic URL given as the last element preceded by a period and ends with a period (Chicago
source (web 17.181). If access date is given retain it.
site/web page)
Journal- Journal de Figueiredo, John M., and Emerson H. Tiller. 1996. “Congressional Control of the
specific Courts: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Expansion of the Federal
examples Judiciary,” 39 Journal of Law and Economics 435–62.
Author, Name. 1999. Article Title. Abstract. 33 Journal Name 34–6. (Chicago
Abstract
17.245)
Book Schultz, Theodore W. 1964. Transforming Traditional Agriculture. New Haven, CT:
Yale University Press.
 Edited book Olson, Mancur. 1979. "An Evolutionary Approach to Inflation and Stagflation," in
J.H. Gapinski and C.E. Rockwood, eds., Essays in Post-Keynesian Inflation, 44–64.
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Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
Olson, Mancur. 1979. An Evolutionary Approach to Inflation and Stagflation. Poster
Poster
presented at International Congress, St. Louis.
Journal Doi numbers used
articles in
this issue
Example de Figueiredo, John M., and Emerson H. Tiller. 1996. “Congressional Control of the
Courts: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Expansion of the Federal
Judiciary,” 39 Journal of Law and Economics, doi:10.1006/jleo.1996.2694
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