1. **Question:** What type of permit is required for working at heights in a CO2 plant?

- **Answer:** In a CO2 plant, a Work at Height Permit is required for any activities conducted above
ground level where there is a risk of falling. This permit ensures that all necessary safety precautions,
such as proper use of fall protection equipment and ensuring the structural integrity of the work surface,
are in place before any work begins.

2. **Question:** What are the common gases present during gas testing, and how can they be
controlled?
- **Answer:** Common gases present during gas testing include methane (CH4), carbon monoxide
(CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and oxygen (O2) levels. Control measures include using gas detection
equipment to monitor these gases, ensuring adequate ventilation, and implementing emergency response
plans. Workers should also be trained to recognize symptoms of gas exposure and use appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE).

3. **Question:** What are the control measures for working at height?

- **Answer:** Control measures for working at height include conducting a risk assessment to identify
potential hazards, using fall protection systems such as guardrails, harnesses, and lanyards, ensuring
proper training and competency of workers, and regularly inspecting equipment used for working at
height.

4. **Question:** Who are the permit issuers in an industrial setting like Petrotec?
- **Answer:** Permit issuers in an industrial setting typically include safety officers, supervisors, and
managers who have been trained and authorized to evaluate the risks associated with specific tasks and
ensure that all safety protocols are followed before issuing a permit.

5. **Question:** What is hydro jetting, and where is it commonly used?

- **Answer:** Hydro jetting is a method of cleaning and cutting using high-pressure water streams. It
is commonly used in industrial settings for cleaning pipes, tanks, and other equipment to remove debris,
scale, and other build-ups. It is highly effective and environmentally friendly, as it uses water without the
need for chemicals.

6. **Question:** What are the hazards associated with working in confined spaces?
- **Answer:** Hazards of working in confined spaces include oxygen deficiency or enrichment,
presence of toxic or flammable gases, limited entry and exit points, potential for engulfment, and
restricted movement which can lead to physical stress. Proper training, gas monitoring, and emergency
preparedness are essential to mitigate these risks.
7. **Question:** What gases are typically found in confined spaces, and how should they be
managed?
- **Answer:** Gases typically found in confined spaces include oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2),
methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO). These gases should be managed
through continuous monitoring using gas detectors, ensuring proper ventilation, and implementing control
measures such as purging the space with clean air before entry.

8. **Question:** What are the control measures for working in confined spaces?
- **Answer:** Control measures for working in confined spaces include conducting a thorough risk
assessment, ensuring continuous gas monitoring, maintaining proper ventilation, using appropriate PPE,
having a standby person for emergency situations, and providing specialized training for confined space
entry and rescue operations.

9. **Question:** What inspections are required for scaffolding and lifting equipment?
- **Answer:** Inspections for scaffolding should include checking for structural integrity, proper
assembly, stability, and the condition of planks and guardrails. For lifting equipment, inspections should
ensure that all components, such as slings, hooks, and cranes, are in good condition, properly rated for the
load, and free of defects. Regular inspections by a competent person and adherence to manufacturer
guidelines are crucial.

10. **Question:** What are the fire breakout control measures in confined spaces?
- **Answer:** Fire breakout control measures in confined spaces include eliminating sources of
ignition, ensuring proper ventilation to prevent the buildup of flammable gases, using flame-resistant
materials and PPE, having fire suppression equipment readily available, and training workers on
emergency evacuation procedures.

A comprehensive checklist for lifting activities should include the following components:

1. **Pre-Lift Planning:**
- Risk assessment completed
- Lift plan developed and approved
- Communication plan established
- Weather conditions checked
2. **Personnel:**
- Qualified and trained operators
- Designated signal person
- Supervisor assigned
- Emergency contact list available

3. **Equipment:**
- Equipment selection appropriate for the load
- Inspection of cranes, slings, chains, hooks, and other lifting gear
- Load capacity verified and not exceeded
- Safety devices and controls functioning properly

4. **Load:**
- Weight and center of gravity identified
- Load secured and balanced
- Tag lines attached if necessary
- Load path clear of obstructions

5. **Site Preparation:**
- Ground conditions stable and suitable for lifting equipment
- Exclusion zones established and marked
- Overhead hazards identified and mitigated
- Proper lighting if lift is performed in low visibility conditions

6. **Execution:**
- Clear communication maintained
- Lift conducted smoothly and steadily
- Constant monitoring for changes in conditions
- Emergency stop procedures understood by all
7. **Post-Lift:**
- Equipment inspected for damage
- Lift documentation completed and filed
- Debrief conducted with the lifting team
- Site cleared and secured

1. **Planning and Design:**

- Scaffolding design approved
- Load-bearing capacity calculated
- Risk assessment conducted
- Site inspection completed

2. **Personnel:**
- Competent person supervising the erection
- Trained and qualified erectors
- PPE used by all workers

3. **Foundations and Supports:**

- Ground conditions stable and level
- Base plates and mudsills in place
- Scaffolding ties and braces installed as per design

4. **Erection:**
- Scaffold components inspected for defects
- Erection follows manufacturer guidelines
- Guardrails, midrails, and toeboards installed
- Access ladders and platforms secured

5. **Stability:**
 - Scaffolding plumb and level
- Ties and braces properly spaced
- Stability against tipping ensured
- Wind loads considered and mitigated

6. **Usage:**
- Load limits posted and not exceeded
- Materials evenly distributed on platforms
- Work platforms fully planked
- Inspections before each work shift

7. **Dismantling:**
- Dismantling plan in place
- Controlled and sequential dismantling
- Components inspected for damage during removal
- Site cleaned and debris removed

The duties of a safety officer at Petrotec include:

1. **Policy Implementation:**
- Enforcing company safety policies and procedures
- Ensuring compliance with local regulations and standards

2. **Risk Assessment:**
- Conducting risk assessments for all operations
- Identifying hazards and implementing control measures

3. **Training:**
- Providing safety training and induction programs
- Ensuring all personnel are aware of emergency procedures
4. **Inspection and Audits:**
- Conducting regular site inspections and safety audits
- Ensuring safety equipment is maintained and used correctly

5. **Incident Management:**
- Investigating accidents and near-misses
- Implementing corrective actions and preventive measures

6. **Documentation:**
- Maintaining records of safety inspections, incidents, and training
- Preparing safety reports for management review

7. **Emergency Preparedness:**
- Developing and maintaining emergency response plans
- Conducting drills and ensuring readiness for emergencies

The acceptable levels for confined space entry for the following gases are:

1. **Oxygen (O2):**
- Acceptable range: 19.5% to 23.5%

2. **Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S):**

- Permissible exposure limit (PEL): 10 ppm
- Short-term exposure limit (STEL): 15 ppm

3. **Methane (CH4):**
- Lower explosive limit (LEL): 5%
- Monitoring required to ensure levels stay well below the LEL
4. **Carbon Monoxide (CO):**
- Permissible exposure limit (PEL): 50 ppm
- Short-term exposure limit (STEL): 200 ppm