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Wireless Sensor Networks SMAC BMAC and TRAMA

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273 views10 pages

Wireless Sensor Networks SMAC BMAC and TRAMA

Uploaded by

abinayaa.s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wireless Sensor

Networks: SMAC,
BMAC, and TRAMA
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a powerful tool for collecting data
from the physical world. They are used in a wide range of applications,
from environmental monitoring to industrial automation. A key
challenge in WSNs is the design of efficient and reliable communication
protocols. SMAC, BMAC, and TRAMA are three popular protocols that
have been developed for this purpose.

by Ms.S.S.Abinayaa ECE
SMAC: Sensor MAC Protocol
1 Energy Efficiency
SMAC is designed to be energy-efficient, which is crucial for
battery-powered sensor nodes. It uses a variety of techniques to
minimize energy consumption, such as duty cycling and sleep
modes.

2 Scalability
SMAC is scalable, meaning that it can be used in networks with a
large number of sensor nodes. This is important for applications
that require a wide area coverage.

3 Reliability
SMAC is reliable, ensuring that data is delivered to the sink node
with a high degree of accuracy. It uses error detection and
correction mechanisms to minimize data loss.

4 Flexibility
SMAC is flexible, allowing for different types of sensor nodes and
communication channels to be used in the network. This makes it
suitable for a wide range of applications.
BMAC: Beacon-Enabled MAC Protocol
Beacon-Based Scheduling Energy Conservation Data Aggregation
BMAC uses a beacon-based BMAC employs various energy- BMAC supports data aggregation,
scheduling mechanism to saving techniques, such as duty which allows sensor nodes to
coordinate communication cycling and sleep modes, to combine their data before
among sensor nodes. This helps to prolong the lifetime of battery- transmitting it to the sink node.
reduce collisions and improve powered sensor nodes. This reduces the amount of data
network efficiency. that needs to be transmitted,
further conserving energy.
TRAMA: Time-Slotted
Random Access MAC
Protocol
1 Time-Slotted Access
TRAMA divides time into slots and assigns each sensor
node a specific slot for transmission. This helps to avoid
collisions and improve network efficiency.

2 Random Access
Within their assigned time slots, sensor nodes can access
the channel randomly. This helps to distribute traffic
evenly and prevent congestion.

3 Energy Efficiency
TRAMA uses various energy-saving techniques, such as
duty cycling and sleep modes, to prolong the lifetime of
battery-powered sensor nodes.
SMAC vs. BMAC
Feature SMAC BMAC

Scheduling Contention-based Beacon-based

Energy Efficiency High High

Scalability High Moderate

Reliability High High


SMAC vs. TRAMA
Feature SMAC TRAMA

Scheduling Contention-based Time-slotted

Energy Efficiency High High

Scalability High Moderate

Reliability High High


BMAC vs. TRAMA
Feature BMAC TRAMA

Scheduling Beacon-based Time-slotted

Energy Efficiency High High

Scalability Moderate Moderate

Reliability High High


Choosing the Right Protocol
Network Size
For large networks, SMAC is a good choice due to its
1 scalability. For smaller networks, BMAC or TRAMA may be
more suitable.

Traffic Pattern
If the network has a high traffic load, TRAMA's time-
2 slotted approach can help to avoid collisions. If the traffic
is more sporadic, SMAC or BMAC may be more efficient.

Energy Constraints
All three protocols are designed to be energy-efficient, but
3 SMAC and BMAC may be better suited for applications
with very strict energy constraints.
Applications of WSNs
Environmental Monitoring
WSNs can be used to monitor air quality, water quality, and soil
conditions. They can also be used to track wildlife and monitor
natural disasters.

Industrial Automation
WSNs can be used to monitor and control industrial processes, such
as temperature, pressure, and flow rate. They can also be used to
detect faults and optimize production.

Healthcare
WSNs can be used to monitor patients' vital signs, such as heart
rate, blood pressure, and temperature. They can also be used to
track medication adherence and provide remote patient care.

Smart Cities
WSNs can be used to monitor traffic flow, parking availability, and
air quality in cities. They can also be used to control street lighting
and manage waste collection.
Future of WSNs

Cloud Integration Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things Security


WSNs are increasingly AI is being used to WSNs are a key Security is a major
being integrated with develop more intelligent component of the concern in WSNs, and
cloud computing WSNs that can learn from Internet of Things (IoT), researchers are
platforms, which allows data and make decisions which is connecting developing new protocols
for data storage, analysis, autonomously. billions of devices to the and techniques to protect
and visualization on a internet. data from unauthorized
large scale. access.

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