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AI Assignment

This is a topic of AI

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11 views

AI Assignment

This is a topic of AI

Uploaded by

seemacheem07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 1:

Bharath R
Reg No: 02SU22MB029

Explain AI in own words from the article?


AI, or Artificial Intelligence, refers to the development of computer systems that can perform
tasks typically requiring human intelligence. These tasks include learning from experience,
recognizing patterns, understanding natural language, and making decisions. AI systems use
algorithms and vast amounts of data to mimic cognitive functions such as problem-solving,
speech recognition, and visual perception.
Machine Learning (ML): A subset of AI that enables systems to learn and improve from
experience without explicit programming. ML algorithms use statistical techniques to find
patterns in data and make predictions or decision.
Neural Networks: Modeled after the human brain, these are interconnected layers of nodes
(neurons) that process data. Deep learning, a type of neural network, uses many layers to
analyze complex patterns in large datasets.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): This allows machines to understand, interpret, and
respond to human language. Applications include speech recognition, translation, and
sentiment analysis.
Computer Vision: This field enables machines to interpret and understand visual information
from the world, such as identifying objects in images or videos.
Robotics: AI is used in robots to perform tasks autonomously, such as navigating
environments, manipulating objects, and interacting with humans.
Expert Systems: These are AI programs that mimic the decision-making abilities of a human
expert. They are used in areas like medical diagnosis and financial analysis.
Reinforcement Learning: A type of ML where an agent learns to make decisions by receiving
rewards or penalties for actions, optimizing its performance over time.

2. Explain the legal provisions that are provided for AI.


Data Protection and Privacy: Laws like the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) in
Europe set strict guidelines for the collection, storage, and processing of personal data,
including provisions related to AI systems that handle such data.
Liability: Determining liability for AI actions can be complex. Some jurisdictions are
exploring frameworks that assign liability to developers, users, or the AI itself depending on
the circumstances.
Ethical Use: Ethical guidelines or legal frameworks may restrict the use of AI in certain
applications, such as in healthcare, criminal justice, or autonomous vehicles.
Intellectual Property: Issues arise regarding ownership of AI-generated work, patents for AI
innovations, and copyrights for AI-generated content.
Transparency and Accountability: Some regulations require that AI systems provide
explanations for their decisions (explainability) and mechanisms for users to contest those
decisions.
Cybersecurity: Laws related to cybersecurity may require AI systems to adhere to certain
standards to protect against cyber threats and data breaches.
Competition Law: Antitrust and competition laws may be relevant, especially concerning the
use of AI by dominant companies in ways that could restrict competition.
Employment and Labor Law: As AI impacts the workforce, there may be legal implications
related to employment rights, job displacement, and the responsibility of employers to reskill
or support affected workers.
International Standards: Efforts are underway to create international standards and norms for
AI development and deployment to ensure consistency and interoperability across borders.
These provisions aim to balance innovation with protection, ensuring AI is developed and
used responsibly and ethically. However, specifics can vary significantly between countries
and regions, reflecting different cultural, social, and economic priorities.
3. Explain loopholes that are there in legal system provided for AI.
Loopholes in the legal system concerning AI generally arise due to the rapid advancement of
technology outpacing regulatory frameworks designed for human activities. Here are some
key loopholes
Ambiguity in Liability: Determining who is responsible when AI causes harm (e.g.,
autonomous vehicles in accidents) can be unclear. Current laws often don't specify liability
for decisions made autonomously by AI systems.
Data Privacy Concerns: AI systems rely heavily on data, raising issues about the collection,
storage, and usage of personal information. Laws may not adequately address the ethical
implications of AI in handling sensitive data.
Intellectual Property: The ownership of AI-generated work (e.g., art, music, literature) is
contentious. Laws may not explicitly cover whether AI can be credited as an author or
inventor.
Bias and Discrimination: AI algorithms can inherit biases from training data, leading to
discriminatory outcomes (e.g., in hiring or lending decisions). Legal frameworks may not
mandate or enforce rigorous testing and transparency to mitigate bias.
Regulatory Gaps: Existing regulations may not encompass AI-specific risks comprehensively
(e.g., cybersecurity vulnerabilities, autonomous decision-making). New laws are needed to
address these emerging challenges.
International Harmonization: AI operates across borders, but legal standards vary globally.
Lack of international consensus can create inconsistencies in how AI-related issues are
addressed.
Enforcement and Accountability: Regulators may lack the expertise to assess AI systems
effectively. Enforcement mechanisms and penalties for non-compliance may not be robust
enough to deter violations.
Ethical Standards: AI raises profound ethical questions (e.g., in healthcare, surveillance).
Legal frameworks may lag behind in establishing clear ethical guidelines for AI development
and deployment.
Addressing these loopholes requires collaboration among policymakers, technologists, legal
experts, and stakeholders to adapt existing laws and develop new regulations that ensure AI
advances responsibly and ethically.
4. explain the ethical issues faced in implementing AI taking an example
Implementing AI raises several ethical issues, some of which can be illustrated with the
example of facial recognition technology.
Privacy Concerns: Facial recognition AI often collects and processes personal data without
explicit consent, raising issues of privacy infringement. For instance, cameras in public
places or social media platforms can capture and analyze facial features without individuals'
knowledge or consent.
Bias and Fairness: AI algorithms can exhibit bias, leading to unfair treatment of certain
demographic groups. Facial recognition systems have been shown to be less accurate for
women and people of color, which can exacerbate societal inequalities if used in law
enforcement or hiring processes.
Surveillance and Control: Widespread use of facial recognition AI can lead to increased
surveillance and monitoring of individuals, potentially infringing on civil liberties and
enabling government or corporate control over populations.
Security Risks: Storing large amounts of facial data can pose security risks, such as data
breaches or misuse by malicious actors. Unauthorized access to sensitive biometric
information can have serious consequences for individuals.
Lack of Transparency: AI algorithms used in facial recognition may lack transparency,
making it difficult to understand how decisions are made or to challenge erroneous outcomes.
This opacity can undermine accountability and trust in AI systems.
Employment and Social Impact: Automation driven by AI, including facial recognition
technology, can disrupt labor markets and lead to job displacement, particularly in sectors
such as security and retail.
Addressing these ethical challenges requires careful consideration of regulatory frameworks,
transparency in AI development, inclusive data collection practices, and ongoing public
dialogue to ensure that AI technologies are deployed responsibly and ethically.

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