Tantangan dan Peluang

Implementasi B30 dan B100

Abdul Rochim
17 Juli 2019

GAIKINDO
Automotive Future Technology Compartment
 I. INTRODUCTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGET

Note:
NRE : New Renewable energy
MTOE : Million Ton Oil Equivalent
GW : Giga Watt
CBM : Coal Bed Methane

2
 Kinds of Biofuel for Automobile (FAME)
Current Biofuel
for Gasoline
Fermentation
Sugar cane Ethanol
Sunlight ・CO2 ・water

Saccarification

Sugar
Corn Fermentation
Buthanol
Pretreatment
Wood, Saccarification Fermentation
Propanol
Glass
Waste
Ester Current Biofuel for
FAME Diesel Fuel
Soy Oil
Palm Oil Hydrotreat
etc. HVO
Gasoline

Gasification Synthesis Diesel

Synthetic Fuel
Pyrolysis G/D
Liquid

Algae Liquid Fuel

FAME: Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
HVO: Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil
Ethanol
5
6
1. Effect of Easy to Oxidize and deteriorate

2. Effect of Easy to produce precipitate

3. Effect of high soluble

 Approaching Bxx Implementation
Our Mission : Minimizing !!!
KOMTEK Effect to Current Engine Design ENGINE MANUFACTURER

FUEL ENGINE

STANDARD
Specification (B0, B100, BXX) Type Engine :
• conventional/common
B-XX (% biodiesel) rail/gas turbine, )
• RPM
Properties/Characteristics • Fuel spec
Parts (compatibility) :
elastomers, polymers,
Target metal, filters
Impact to Engine B5/7.5 ≈ Bxx
Performance :
• Power & Torque
• Fuel consumption
HANDLING • Emission
• Oil filter
QUALITY 8
 Vehicle Manufacturing Improvement
Some automotive brand change material for compatibility to biodiesel B20

Source: PT. HMI advertising

 Injector

Center

Outer Center Outer Inner

Direct Injection - EFI Common Rail - EFI

Source: EBTKE & ITB

Improving Injector material compatibilities are follows improvement

of engine technology
 Outer

Center
Surface coating
Inner

Outer Inner Outer Inner

Center Surface Coating Center Surface Coating

Common Rail - ECU Common Rail - ECU
(Old Before 2016) (New After 2016)
Source: EBTKE & ITB

To more durable with high blend biodiesel content, some injectors

have improvement their surface coating thickness
REFLECTION ON B20 IMPLEMENTATION
1. Some APM conduct evaluation B20 after implementing due to Diesel fuel availability in market only B20
2. Some APM making improvement for their product comply with B20 and announce it in market
3. Pertamina produce special engine oil comply with Biodiesel
4. Mani customer changing fuel from Pertamina Dex to Bio Solar (B20) due to pricing gab.

12
 II. BIODIESEL B30 PREPARATION

13
 ROAD MAP B30 OF IMPLEMENTATION

14
 B30 ROAD TEST (DURABILITY TEST)

15
REFLECTION
REFLECTION ON BIODIESEL IMPLEMENTATION

B20 Reflection B30 Improvement

Gaikindo Member Joint Road Test 3 Brand : Gaikindo Members joint Road Test 7 Brand :
1

Limited member join not represent Many member join represent Gaikindo
enough
Vehicle Category Joint passenger; Pick Up &
Vehicle Category Joint only Passenger Truck
2
Pass

Pickup

Truck

Passenger only not represent population Many category joint represent population
Lobby result (MG content). Lobby result (MG content).
Gaikindo Proposal 0.6 ppm Speck 0.8 ppm Gaikindo Proposal 0.4 ppm Speck ???
3
Result not effective due to lack of data Conduct special test to get actual data
CONCERN ISSUE
SPECIFICATION
The critical point of high blend biodiesel are deteriorate, peeling of sludge and precipitate, still remain one
parameter need to be confirmation. Due this matter MG content will decided after B30 Road Test
Characteristics of High Blend Biodiesel
No Possible Effect Confirmation Status
Oxidize & Deteriorate Material Biodiesel is Palm (PME)
1 (Corrosion on metal) (High Oxidation Stability > 10 hrs.)

Corrosion of Parts OK : No issue

Highly –Soluble B20 implemented more than 3 years
2 (Peeling of sludge) (Tank and Fuel System should clean)

Filter Clogging OK : No issue

Highly-Glyceride High concentration high glyceride
3 (Produce Precipitate) (Easy to produce precipitate )

Filter clogging NOT OK : Need Confirmation

 Proposal for B100 Revision Specification still under discussion for MG Content,
18 Industry proposal 0.4 % Vol. but APROBI proposal 0.55 % Vol.
 III. BIODIESEL B100 CHALLANGE

19
CONCERN BIO DIESEL What the Next ???
Short term : implementation B30 in 1 January year 2020

Mid term : Implementing Euro 4 & B30 April 2021

Long term : Future B100 Plan.

B30 & Euro 4 Fuel Specification Consideration
MID TERM BIO DIESEL PLAN IN INDONESIA

Based on Ministry of Environment and Forestry Decree No. P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/3/2017 that for the
implementation of exhaust gas emission equivalent to Euro 4 for diesel car will be mandatory in April 2021.

Things to do locally :
1. Making sure B0 & B100 Fuel fulfill the specification of
Euro 4.
Ideal : 2. Making sure the availability of Euro 4 is distributing all
Domestic Production > April 2021 Indonesia area.
Should be able to B30 & Euro 4 3. Durability proto type unit test of B30 and Euro 4 in
2019 / 2020
4. Giving advance to B30 and Euro 4 fuel specification
based on the result test if it is necessary needed.
5. Making sure to obtain Euro 4 emission type test for
domestic product.
6. Monitoring during the activity
Actual : Submission to Principal :
Domestic Product is not 1. Suggestion to Principal for Domestic Specification able
B30 and Euro 4 yet for B30 and Euro 4

Automotive Industry Stance:

GAIKINDO supports B30 and Euro 4 program implementation as long as the fuel specification suitable with the
requirement of Euro 4 and its available all Indonesia nation wide.
B30 & Euro 4 Exhaust Emission Consideration
Need to consider any impact of B30 on both materials for
Euro2 vehicles and emission control systems for Euro4
vehicles.

B30 Euro2 Euro4

Materials EM control
Systems

< Experienced in EU market >

LONG TERM BIODIESEL PLAN IN INDONESIA
Government has been proclaim about the B100 program. This is based on the statement from Indonesian President,
Mr. Joko Widodo and Industry Minister, Mr. Airlangga Hartarto.

Things to do:
1. Make feasibility study / analysis study, possibility to
produce flexi Bio Fuel Engine Vehicle.
2. Making sure the B0 and B100 fuel specification for
Flexi Bio fuel design.
3. Making sure the business scheme and what
incentive will obtained for flexi biodiesel fuel product
development.
4. Encourage the government to make incentive
regulation for flexi bio engine vehicle making.
5. Study with Pertamina for using HVO / Green Diesel
as the alternative of B100 application.

Submission to Principal :
Inform to Principal, that Indonesia government have
intention B100 program in future. Need intensive study
for flexi fuel engine as alternative.

Automotive Industry Stance:

GAIKINDO supports B100 program implementation as
long as there are clear regulation and incentive for Bio
Fuel E/G development in Indonesia.
 Desirable Biofuel for Automobile (HVO)

Fermentation
Sugar cane Ethanol
Sunlight ・CO2 ・water

Saccarification

Sugar
Corn Fermentation
Buthanol
Pretreatment
Wood, Saccarification Fermentation
Propanol
Glass
Waste
Ester
Soy Oil FAME
Palm Oil
Hydrotreat
etc. HVO
Gasoline

Gasification Synthesis Diesel

Synthetic Fuel
Pyrolysis G/D
Liquid

Algae Liquid Fuel

FAME: Fatty Acid Methyl Ester

Ethanol HVO: Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil
 Approaching B100 Implementation
Our Mission : Minimizing !!!
KOMTEK Effect to Current Engine Design ENGINE MANUFACTURER

FUEL ENGINE

STANDARD
Specification B100 Type Engine :
• conventional/common
Properties/Characteristics rail/gas turbine, )
• RPM
• Fuel spec
Parts (compatibility) :
Target elastomers, polymers,
Impact to Engine B5/7.5 ≈ B100 metal, filters
Performance :
• Power & Torque
• Fuel consumption
HANDLING • Emission
• Oil filter
QUALITY
 HVO
Vegetable RCOOCH
2
Oil
RCOOCH

RCOOCH2 （Palm:R=C15,C17）

Hydro Treating Fatty Glycerin De-Carboxyl

Acid
+12H2 +3H2
R-CH3 R-H
CH3-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH3
Hydrofined Palm Oil becomes Hydrocarbons, and therefore it can
be treated same as products from Crude Oil
 Properties of HVO
A
Diesel Biodiesel
Property Unit Palm Palm B C
Petroleum (FAME)
Iso-BHD n-BHD
Density at 15゜ C, min- kg/m
3
0.84 0.88 0.777 0.784 0.77-0.79 0.776
max

Sulfur, max ppm <10 <1 nil nil 5 <5

Heating value J/g 43 38 47 47 34.4 -

-5/-15/22/-
Could point ℃ -5 -5 to +15 -5 20
34

Distillation T90 ℃ 200-350 240-355 293.2 301.4 320 269-317

Cetane index, min 85.8 116 65-67

-
Cetane Number 40 50-65 70

Oxidation stability, max g/m3 Good Marginal 4.6 2 25

Lubricity, max HFRR μm 324 627 579 200-300

mg
TAN KOH/ 0.02 0.01
g

Cold filter plugging point ℃ -7

TOYOTA
 General Properties

FAME HVO Characteristic of BHD Evaluation

Comparison with
Cetane no. + ++ High cetane
Conventional Diesel Fuel
No aroma or sulfur
Composition ++ ++ (same as FAME) ++ : Excel
Exhaust gas + : Equality
efficiency + + Equivalent or better
- : Behind
Oxidation
stability - + Good

Low-temp. Handled through

efficiency - + isomerization Activities will be undertaken
Quality
to promote global recognition
stability - + Good
and use of hydrofined diesel,
as it offers better quality and
Cost - - has the potential to produce
CO2 ++ ++ Excellent lower emissions than FAME.
Opportunity Integration Technology for Refining Bio-feed (CPO)

Source: PERTAMINA
Green Bio-Fuel Technology Development

Raw material for Soap

Industry and animal food
Available to extract
became Vitamin E

Source: PERTAMINA
Process to Produces RBDPO

Source: PERTAMINA
Source: ESDM - EBTKE
 Proposal Road Map Energi Untuk Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia???
(Reform / Restructuration Demand Fuel Engine Technology)
To be Discuss !!!
Period Supply Fuel Demand Fuel Impact
1970 ~ 2014 Fossil Fuel (Exporter)
(Indonesia as Fossil Gasoline ++++ Engine Technology:
Fuel Exporting Diesel ++++ • Gasoline 75% +
country) Gas ++ • Diesel 25%
Ethanol +
Biodiesel +
Prepare to reform / restructuration Demand Fuel Engine Technology Side
2014 ~ 2024 Fossil Fuel (Net Importer)
(Indonesia as Net Gasoline -- Engine Technology:
Importer Fossil Fuel Diesel ++(local) • Gasoline 75% -
and surplus Gas ++ • Diesel 25%
Biodiesel) Ethanol +
Biodiesel +++
Changing Demand Fuel engine Technology inline with Supply Fuel
2024 ~ onward Fossil Fuel (Net Importer)
(Indonesia as Gasoline ++ (local) Engine Technology: ++
independent Energy Diesel ++(local) • Gasoline 25% Fulfill Domestic
and exporter Gas ++ • Diesel 25% Market Demand
country) Ethanol + • Flexi Biofuel 50% Export Fossil Fuel
Biodiesel +++++ (Break Through) and Biofuel
 PROPOSAL ROADMAP PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF

Perlu ditambahkan roadmap untuk pengembangan produk otomotif

khususnya Bio Fuel (FAME; Green Gasoline dan Green Diesel) dengan
membuat program kendaraan “Flexi Bio Fuel Engine” untuk mencapai target
penggunaan Bio Fuel sebesar 41% di tahun 2030.

Kenapa BIO FUEL :

1. Feed stock yang ada di Indonesia adalah PALM / Kelapa Sawit dengan luas area
kebun sekitar 13 juta Hektar dengan menghasilkan 36 juta ton minyak sawit (Brazil
hanya 10 juta Hektar kebun tebu).
2. Bio Fuel bersifat liquid sehingga mudah di handling tidak perlu pengadaan
infrastruktur dan fasilitas baru.
3. Struktur komposisi Bio Fuel menyerupai spesifikasi Fossil fuel sehingga bisa
meminimalkan perubahan desain mesin dan dapat “diterima” oleh mesin saat ini
dengan sedikit modifikasi.
4. Tidak adanya perubahan disain engine yang drastis sehingga dapat dipastikan
tidak terjadinya perubahan struktur dari Industri otomotif itu sendiri (industri
komponen masih sama).
 PROPOSAL DUKUNGAN DARI PEMERINTAH INDONESIA
Dibuat regulasi (seperti LCGC dan LCEP) dan incentive pajak untuk menumbuhkan
iklim bisnis agar industri kendaranan bermotor bisa membuat produk kendaraan
bermotor berengine flexi bio fuel di indonesia dangan cara:
1. Membuat regulasi penetapan program flexi bio fuel di Indoensia (Misal Max B30
dan E10 tahun 2020, dan felxi bio fuel tahun 2024)
2. Menetapkan spek B100 untuk campuran B30 (untuk keperluan development
engine)
3. Memberikan fasilitas tax holiday untuk pabrikan otomotif yang membuat flexi bio
fuel technologi.
4. Menetapkan kreteria kendaraan felxi bio fuel baik untuk fuel consumption, emisi
requirement dan safety fitur.
5. Menetapkan harga market untuk bio fuel (kepastian ketersediaan bahan bakar
yang murah)
6. Memberikan incentive lain seperti negara Brazil dengan mengganti biaya
research development untuk flexi bio fuel engine atau memberi potongan pajak
untuk menurunkan harga mesin flexi engine seperti negara Thailand harga
kendaraan flexi bio fuel engine lebih murah atau sama dengan harga mesin
konvensional (fossil fuel).
7. Memberikan incentive bagi industri komponen untuk memproduksi komponen
langsung yang berhubungan dengan kendaraan flexi bio fuel.
Summary
1. The Bio-diesel 20% (B20) had been implemented more than 3.5 years, for
automotive this is no big issue on mandatory B20 in year 2016, with
indicated by no big concern after market problem and fuel filter
replacement. Many APM/brand have been declare their product complied
with B20 Fuel.
2. To implement B30 government make New Draft of Specification B100,
based on Automotive Industry recommendation. To conform the
compliance of new B30 specification with automotive sector, government
conduct 50.000 KM Road Test (end of May ~ end of October 2019).
3. To implement B30 and Euro 4 Exhaust Emission requirement need concern
on base fuel (Solar / B0) specification, sulfur content is most big effect to
engine compatibility.
4. To implement B100 program in future need comprehensive study both bio
fuel technology and engine technology together with minimize changing
effect to current engine design.
5. To accelerate and smooth implementation B100 program need support
from government policy to make clear road map and regulation to making
“good environment” for getting support all stake holder.
 “THE RENEWABLE ENERGY”
FOR SUSTAINABILITY THE FUTURE ENERGY