Lecture – 1

Classification of Energy Sources and Their Contribution in Agricultural Sector

* In presentation, multiple Images are taken from Internet for better understanding of topic to learners.

Naseeb Gill Ag. Engg. 242 - Lecture 1 Slide No. 1 March 25, 2023
 Classification of sources of energy
Non-renewable energy sources are those which cannot be replenished quickly
enough to keep pace with their consumption.
Renewable energy sources are those which can be replenished naturally and
continuously within a human lifetime.

• Solar Energy: energy from the sun

• Wind Energy: energy from wind
• Hydro Energy: energy from moving water
• Geothermal Energy: energy from the Earth's heat
• Biomass Energy: energy from organic matter
• Tidal Energy: energy from ocean tides

Naseeb Gill Ag. Engg. 242 - Lecture 1 Slide No. 2 March 25, 2023
 Classification of sources of energy

• Conventional Energy Sources:

These are energy sources that have been used for many years or centuries and are still in use today, including coal,
petroleum, natural gas, firewood, and other fossil fuels.

• Non-Conventional Energy Sources:

These are sources of energy which are new and used as the alternative of conventional energy sources, such as wind,
biogas, biomass, tidal, wave, and hydrogen energy.

• Primary Energy Sources:

These are energy sources that are directly extracted from nature, such as crude oil, coal, natural gas, and uranium.

• Secondary Energy Sources:

These are energy sources that are derived from primary sources through transformation, such as electricity generated from
coal or gasoline produced from crude oil.

Naseeb Gill Ag. Engg. 242 - Lecture 1 Slide No. 3 March 25, 2023
 Basis of Difference Conventional Energy Sources Non-Conventional Energy Sources
The sources of energy that have been used all around the Those energy sources whose evolution has been done
Definition world for a long time are called conventional energy the recent years are known as non-conventional energy
sources. sources.
The non-conventional energy sources are relatively
Existence Conventional energy sources exist for many years.
new sources of energy.
Conventional sources of energy are generally non- Non-conventional sources are renewable sources of
Renewability
renewable sources. energy.
Conventional sources of energy available in limited Since non-conventional sources are renewable, hence
Availability
quantity in nature. they available in abundance in nature.
Non-conventional energy sources shall not exhaust
Exhaustible Conventional energy sources shall exhaust one day.
because they are renewable.
The common examples of conventional sources of energy The examples of non-conventional energy sources are
Examples
are coal, petroleum, natural gas, firewood, etc. sun, wind, tides, water, biofuels, etc.
The energy density of non-conventional energy sources
Energy density Conventional sources of energy have high energy density.
is less.
Environmental Most of the conventional energy sources pollute the Non-conventional energy sources are environment
impact environment and cause global warming. friendly and do not cause pollution.
Cost Conventional energy sources are expensive. Non-conventional are relatively less expensive.

Naseeb Gill Ag. Engg. 242 - Lecture 1 Slide No. 4 March 25, 2023
 Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources

➢ Renewable Energy Sources Will Not Run Out

➢ Renewable Energy Is Environmentally Friendly
➢ Renewable Energy Can Increase Public Health
➢ Renewable Technologies Create Lots of Jobs
➢ Renewable Technologies Require Less Maintenance Cost
➢ Leftovers Can Be Used in Renewable Technologies

➢ Renewable Energy Is Not Available Round the Clock

➢ The Efficiency of Renewable Technologies Is Low
➢ The Initial Cost of Renewable Energy Is High
➢ Renewable Energy Sites Require A Lot of Space
➢ Renewable energy sources have geographic limitations
➢ Energy Storage Is a Challenge

Naseeb Gill Ag. Engg. 242 - Lecture 1 Slide No. 5 March 25, 2023
Application of renewable energy sources in agriculture sector
Source Conversion to Applications
• Heat
• Mechanical • Photovoltaic (PV) driven pumps for
Solar energy energy irrigation
• Electricity • Crop and Grain Drying
• Direct
• Mechanical • Direct use: grinder, mills, mechanical water
Wind energy energy pumps
• Electricity • Electrical water pumps
• Mechanical
Micro hydro • Direct use: mill, grinder
energy
energy • Electrical motor for processing
• Electricity

• Heat • Dryer (fruits, herbs,spices)

• Electricity • Fermenter (tea)
Biomass energy
• Liquied Biofuels • Combustion motor or electric motor
• Biogas • Anaerobic digester

Naseeb Gill Ag. Engg. 242 - Lecture 1 Slide No. 6 March 25, 2023