CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN OF A 6V RECHARGEABLE LAMP

ELECTRICAL / ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 ABSTRACT

Man has been so used to electricity that he cannot do without it. The absence of

electricity causes a lot of sadness in our daily lives. Due to this reason I

decided to work on a by rechargeable lamp as my project.

The project is to see how one can construct a source of high without really

generating is from an A.C source. I decided to write on this project in order to

saw how I can implement it during and after school for home and marketing

purpose.

This project is a lamp that was a 6v rechargeable battery to generate light

which is very useful to man both at home and otherwise. It is a stem that is

very portable and very effective mostly t might after which it has been charged.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Description of the Project

1.2 Objective of the Project

1.3 Significance of the Project

1.4 The Report Layout

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Historical Background of the Project

2.2 Theories and Model Relevant to the Design

2.3 System Component Description

CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 Description of the System Building Blocks

3.2 System Specification and Block Diagram Development into Working

Circuit and Power Supply Unit.

3.3 Description of the Overall Operation of the System

3.4 Design Calculation / Component Analysis

3.5 Component List

3.6 Complete Circuit Diagram of the System

CHAPTER FOUR

Implementation Testing and Result

CHAPTER FIVE

Cost Analysis

Problems Encountered

Recommendation and Conclusion

References
 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Electricity is of great importance to our lines and has done a lot of good to our

present day society it is something we cannot do without, if we are to advance

technological and otherwise.

It has really helped us in the powering of our system both in our domestic

homes and industries.

But in our own country (Nigeria), there has been always these problems of lack

of power and fluctuation in power supplied, which made me to see how I can

design a circuit that can generate a source of light, eve in the absence of

electricity or power from the general source of power supply (PHCN)

I decided to design and write on a rechargeable lantern, which I always use a

my source of light in the absence of the major source of light. Ti is a portable

lamp designed to be recharged using an alternating current (A.C) and to

generate a source of light using a direct current (D.C) source.

When the system is charging using an A.C. source, the lamp will never come

on which is the source of light. This is because I used light emitting diode

(LED) as my source of light and it is a D.C component.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1. Rechargeable lamp helps one to understand and how a D.C source can

generate a source of light.

2. It helps one to understand how to design a portable lamp

3. To see how a source of light will be generated in the absence of

electricity or power supply

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1. It helps me mostly in the night to read effectively

2. It helps me also to use light even to read absence of power in the house

as an emergency.

3. The benefits that are derivable from it is more than the maintenance

factor, I attribute it such as (no fuel required as compared with A.C

generators).

1.4 THE REPORT LAYOUT

I went a long way, in term of reading browsing and other kind of researches, in

order to see how this project will be accomplished (Designing of a

rechargeable lantern).

The following are the various step I passed through in order to accomplish this

project.

1. Theories and models relevant to rechargeable lantern

2. The component involved

3. The design

4. The circuit diagram

5. The implementation and testing

6. The result

7. The cost analysis

8. Recommendation

9. Conclusion
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RECHARGEABLE LAMP

In the olden days, man depended solely on sun and other local source of light

as the only way out.

It was a big problem mostly, at nights for he ancient men. Due to the arrival of

science and technology in our society, a lot benefits have been derived.

Electricity in particular came into existence by the discovery made by our great

scientist called Micheal Faraday. This electricity has been transformed and

modified in different ways in our present day society, these includes as a

source of a energy for cooking, source of energy to drive our engines, source of

power in our homes etc.

This electricity has also been modified in further ways, originally it was only

the A.C source of power that was known in our society but today through the

advancement of science and technology electricity has been incorporated into a

D.C source, this D.C source is mostly portable.

The DC source of energy is used in our transistor radios, cell phone, torch light

and rechargeable lamps etc. the DC source in this rechargeable lamp is a

rechargeable battery that has the ability to store current for a long period of

time.

This is equally used as a source of energy supply be connecting a required load

of same voltage to its positive and negative terminals as required because it has

polarities.
2.2 SYSTEM COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

1. Transformer (instrumentation)

This is a step down or step up transformer. This is used to step down as AC

voltage to a lower voltage and vice versa.

This transformer has primary and secondary coils and he member of turns

depends on the voltage or current to be set up or step down.

2. Diodes

These are electronic component that are used to convert AC to DC. The are

semi-conductor devices that are used in electronic circuits to pass current in

one direction (Revised biased and forward biased)

3. Capacitor

These are component that has the ability to charge and discharge current in a

circuit. The are also used as filters in a circuit to filter the AC ripples in a

system, which is not required in an electronic system. That is to say all

electronic system requires DC to operate.

4. Voltage Regulator

These are discrete component that are used in electronic to regulate voltage in

system.

These includes adjustable voltage regulator and the fixed voltage regulator.

5. Transistors

Transistors came into existence as a result of using two diodes and connecting

them back to back.

Transistor are active devices that are used for biasing switching nd

amplification.

6. Resistors

A resistor is a passive device that is used in electronic circuit to block AC

source and allow DC source. It is mostly used as current limiting devices.

 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS

Start

Gathering of rechargeable
lamp components

Testing of individual
components

Assembling each module

in the components

Testing the module

Is
work No
ok?
Yes
Transfer each module into
complete circuit

Test Again

Is
No work
ok?

Package

End
3.2 POWER SUPPLY UNIT.

As the system appears it has modules and this modules have different

functions. All the modules are linked to the power supply unit (P.S.U)

Power Supply Unit

Filtera Series Load 6v Lamp

t Regulator Resistor Battery Output
s
Block Diagram of Rechargeable Lamp

3.3 HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS

When the system is completely coupled, it is power into an AC source. At this

period the current & voltage will pas into the system through the transformer.

This current is coming in as an A.C and needs to be converted into D.C in

order for the system to operate.

At this point I now rectified the A.C using four power diodes to form a bridge

rectifier although the ripple are not completely smoothen, I then apply the

capacitors to help in filtering the ripples.

Now voltage required the load is not determined and now use adjustable

voltage regulator and a transistor to regulate and has the current and voltage by
required by the load and output of the system. After this I now soldered my

resistor to help in limiting the current that will flow into the 6v battery. Then

the lamp and a switch is there to be connected when the A.C source of supply

is cut-off.

Notice that the lamp could only come on when the A.C source is cut-off. This

is because the bulb which a used as my lamp came only come on using a D.C

source of supply.

3.4 CALCULATION OF SOME RESISTORS USED

a. 100 Ω

b. 470Ω

(a) Brown Black Brown Gold

1 0 101 ±5%

= 10 x 10 = 100 Ω±5%

(b) Yellow Violet Brown Gold

4 7 101 ±5%

= 47 x 10 ±5%

= 470 Ω±5%
3.5 COMPONENT LIST

Transformer

Diodes

Capacitors

Adjustable IC Regulator

Transistors

Battery (Rechargeable)

Switch Bottom
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 IMPLEMENTATION

First of all I soldered the diodes to form the rectifying CCT , which will be

connected to the transformer by the left and to the entire CCT to the right. I

then soldered the capacitors to form the filter CCT.

The IC (regulator) is soldered and a heat sink attached to it. The center terminal

of the TC was soldered connecting it to the collector of the transistor for

voltage regulation and biasing. I then soldered the resistors according to my

CCT diagram above.

At this point, I then connected some wires of about 15cm long to the terminals

of the 6v battery not neglecting their polarities. I then connected my switch at

the negative terminal of the battery along a wire to the bulb. The switch is to on

and off the lamp.

I used a silver plate to direct the rays of light.

4.2 TEST & RESULT

I first of all tested to see it the system was charging, and I saw that it was after

which I removed it from the A.C main and switch on the lamp switch and saw

my lamp come one.

I was very happy when I did this testing and the result was O.K

Voltage Regulator (IC): This is an integrated circuit (IC) that is used in a

system to regulate voltage that is required for the system operation.

There are mainly two types of IC’s: Logic and linear. Linear also has many

other types of fixed voltage regulator, adjustable voltage regulator, etc.

Transistor: This an electronic active device that is used for switching, biasing

& amplification.

Resistor: This another electronic passive device that is used to limit current in

a system. It is used to block A.C and allow D.C. to flow.

 CHAPTER FIVE

COST ANALYSIS

ITEMS QUANTITY UNIT PRICE (N) TOTAL

9v – ov – 9v 1 200 200

IN4004 4 5 20

1000uf /40v 1 50 50

224 2 10 20

LM317 1 100 100

BC 140 1 50 50

100Ω 1 5 5

0.56Ω/5w 1 20 20

120Ω/5w 1 20 20

470Ω 1 5 5

220Ω (variable) 1 20 20

Connecting wires 4 yards 20 80

Lead 50 20 100

Vero board 1 40 4

6v battery 1 500 500

Led 25 10 250

Led case 1 200 200

Packaging - - 800

Miscellaneous - - 1500

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

During my course of research and production, I encountered numerous

problems. But after solving this problem, it has widen my scope of

understanding on this my project.

Some of this problem are improper connections of the diodes, private

components in the marker because originals were difficult to be found. It took

me a good number of time before I could really know how to position my lamp

which is the output. Also the packaging gave me a course for concern, which I

resolve by using a wooden box for it.

RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

I will advice that student should be properly equipped with practical because

this will help to boost their knowledge on how to implement simple projects.

If every student in electrical / electronic department give a good orientation on

implementation and designs then, I believe that Nigeria will have the greatest

engineers in he nearest future.

Personally my project has widen my understanding and really made me to

know the simple principle of how a rechargeable lantern works.

 REFERENCES

Project Guide Electrical / Electronic Department 2006 / 2007

Fundamentals of Electrical / Electronics Engineering Technology 6 th Edition by

BJ Theiaja

Fundamentals of Electronics by Nelkon M.

Electronic Devices by D. Foyd

Engineers Notebook on Integrated Circuits by Radio Shack London.