G4 Proposal Work On Landslide in Woldia University
G4 Proposal Work On Landslide in Woldia University
Department of Geology
June, 2022
Woldia, Ethiopia.
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Before all, we would like to thank Almighty God who made it possible to start and finish
proposal paper work very efficiently and successfully.
Next we do not have adequate words to express our feeling of gratitude especially to our advisor
Miss. Sindu D. (MSc.) for her unreserved advice, hers professional guidance and kind provision
of all required materials. She always encourages and supports to complete our proposal work
peacefully and successfully.
We also greatly acknowledge to Mr. Belay A. (MSc.), head of geology department in Woldia
University, Mr. Melaku. (MSc.), Mr. Asaye G. (MSc.) and further to the other staff member of
geology department for their support and encouragement which gave us to have very good
strength to carry out our proposal work.
Finally our appreciation and thanks is also goes to our collogue (classmates) for their brotherly
and sisterly support to safely accomplish our work.
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................................. ii
List of figure .................................................................................................................................. v
List of Table ................................................................................................................................... v
ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ vi
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Background of the study ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Literature review ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Geology of the study area ............................................................................................................. 3
1.4. Statement of the problem .............................................................................................................. 4
2. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH WORK ........................................................................ 5
2.1. General objective ............................................................................................................................... 5
2.2. Specific objective ............................................................................................................................... 5
2.3. Research questions ............................................................................................................................. 5
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA .............................................................................. 6
3.1. Location and accessibility .................................................................................................................. 6
3.2. Physiography of the study area .......................................................................................................... 7
3.3. Climate of the study area ................................................................................................................... 7
3.4. Drainage system of the study area ..................................................................................................... 8
4. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGIES ........................................................................... 10
4.1. Materials .......................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1. 1. Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 10
4.1.2. Software .................................................................................................................................... 10
4.2. Methodology / approach of the study .............................................................................................. 10
4.2.1. Pre field work activity ............................................................................................................... 11
4.2.2. During fieldwork investigations................................................................................................ 11
4.2.3. Post field investigations ............................................................................................................ 11
5. EXPECTED OUTCOME....................................................................................................... 13
6. SIGNIFICANCE/APPLICATION OF THE STUDY ......................................................... 13
7. WORKSHUDLE OF THE RESEARCH ACTIVITY ......................................................... 14
8. BUDGET BREAKDOWN...................................................................................................... 15
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
List of figure
List of Table
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
ACRONYMS
0
C …Degree Celsius
E…………..Easting
Km …Kilometer
M ……..meter
Mm………millimeter
N………….Northing
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study
Landslides belong to the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both
property and life every year throughout the world. For example, a report from the year 2001 in
the United States, landslides caused approximately 3.5 billion dollars in damage, and kill
between 25 and 50 people annually (USGS, 2004). Therefore, the study of landslides has drawn
global attention essentially to increasing awareness of its socio-economic impacts and also
increasing pressure of urbanization on the mountain situation (Aleotti and Chowdhury, 1999;
Kanungo et al., 2006).
It is also common occurrences and recurring hazards in Ethiopia. Absolute mortality risk by
landslide is highest in countries such as Ethiopia (http: //www.preventionweb.net.1`). The
highlands and mountainous area of Ethiopia; like Blue Nile Gorge, Tarmaber, Kombolcha –
Dessie road, Wondogenet area and many other parts of Ethiopia are repeatedly facing problems
associated with landslides. These landslides have caused human fatalities as well as significant
economic losses. From 1993 to 1998 alone, about 300 lives have been lost, more than 200 houses
demolished, over 100 km long road damaged and in excess of 500 ha of land devastated
(LulsegedAyalew, 1999).
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
The aim of landslide study is to evaluate the nature of hazard and the damages to the
human life, land, roads, buildings and other properties (Anbalagan and Singh, 1996, Arnous,
2011). Determining landslide prone areas is important to ensure the safety of human life and
avoid negative impacts on the regional and national economy. Landslide hazard map provide
valuable information for government agencies, planners, decision makers, and local landowners
to make emergency plans to reduce the negative effects on infrastructure, superstructure, and
human life (Ercanoglu and Gokceoglu 2003, Anbalagan and Singh, 1996).
Landslide has been defined as a term which comprises almost all varieties of mass movements
on slopes, including rock falls, topples, and debris flows, that involve little or no true sliding
(Varnes, 1984). It is also defined by WP-WLI (Working Party for World Landslide Inventories),
(1993) as a movement of a mass of rock, earth, or debris down a slope. Slope failures (i.e.,
landslides) occur when the forces generated by the weight of the soil in a slope exceed the shear
resistance (strength) of the soil. The force that is responsible for the occurrence of landslide is
gravitational force.
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Slope instability problems are reported in different areas of Wollo, northern Ethiopia: Ayalew
(1993, 1999) reported on the landslide problem in Wudemen area, while Ibrahim (2011) studied
the slope instability issues in Mersa and Wurgessa areas. Both research papers describe about the
landslide occurrence in those most environments due to different triggering factors like
hydrologic factors, lithologic factors, and manmade activities. On the paper also describes about
there were the happening of human life and materials lost in the year 2002 586 people were
displaced from their house and 4.5 hector farmland and 18 domestic animals were lost by the
cause of high rainfall (Ibrahim 2011).
The relationship of the discontinuities with the According to Varnes (1984) and Anbalagan
(1992) named these factors as inherent causative factors. Geology that is lithology and structures,
slope morphometry, relative relief, ground water condition, and land use land cover are the major
inherent causative factors which are responsible for the causes of landslide (Anbalagan, 1992).
Besides, for the landslide to be triggered it needs external stimuli which are called Triggering
factors such as; intense rain fall, ground acceleration due to seismic activities and manmade
activities.
According to (Hofmann et al, 1997) recent classification for continental flood basalt of North
western part of Ethiopia was followed as Lower formation, upper formation and the shield
volcano. Both the lower and upper formation of the continental flood basalt was emplaced 30 Ma
ago with short period less than 1Ma.
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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From the past experience landslide hazard have resulted in to damaging infrastructure as well as
human life all over the world (Dai et al., 2002). The present study area is located in north
Ethiopian highland which is rugged mountainous terrain. The landslide activity in this area cause
considerable economic losses to the local community, infrastructures, agricultural land and
environment. Due to this; identification of landslide prone areas and factor effect analysis is so
important to give appropriate recommendations for safer land use planning and to minimize
emanation impact Thereby, this study will focus on generating landslide susceptibility map for
this area to reform the current spatial plan and to give insight for local government about
appropriate remedial measures for the existing landslides.
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
The main objective of the present study is to produce landslide susceptibility map of Woldia and
its surrounding; North Wollo zone, Ethiopia, GIS based multicriteria approach.
B. To assess the causative and triggering factors responsible for landslides in the area.
2. What causative factor and in what conditions plays a major role for landslide
happening?
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
The study area is located in Northern Ethiopia, Amhara regional state, north Wollo zonal
administration some of 521 Km from Addis Ababa the capital city of Ethiopia. Geographically it
is located at552460-576000m N and 106000- 1315000m E. And the total area coverage of the
study area is 43.6km2.
The area is accessed by main Asphalt road that runs from Addis Ababa to Woldiya toward the
north and by another asphalt road that extend from BahiarDar at to the site about 360 km North
and by all weathered roads that extend from the site to its surrounding villages.
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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The topography of the study area is mostly hilly and also most of the areas are surrounded by
undulated mountains due to volcanic and tectonic activities with elevation ranging from 1836-
2314m above mean see level.
According to Alemayehu (2006), the climate of Ethiopia is categorized in to five major zones by
using altitude and temperature named as Kur (<10 and >3300), Dega (10-15 and 2300-3300),
Woinadega (15-20 and 1500-2300), Kolla (20-25 and 500-1500) and Berha (>25 and <500).
From this classification the current study area is located within “(Weyna-Dega) zone. The mean
maximum and mean minimum rain fall of the study area are 238mm and 24mm in the months
august and June respectively and the annual average rainfall is 82.33mm. The annual mean
maximum and mean minimum temperatures are 30.00C in June and8.500C in December
respectively.
Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rainfall(mm) 39 40 91 102 82 24 209 238 75 36 33 25
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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MONTHS Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max T 22 26.3 26.7 27.3 27.6 30.3 28.5 27.6 27.2 25.5 24.7 24
Min T 12 12.2 14.5 14.2 15.5 16.1 16.2 15.6 14.9 11.8 10.8 8.5
Table 2 minimum and maximum temperature of study area from Sirinka station (2005)
50
40
30
Min T
20 Max T
10
0
jan mar may julu sep nov
Graph 2 The minimum and maximum temperature of the study area graph, (sirinka station, 2005)
There is a dendrite drainage pattern that formed by stream channels which governed by
topography of the area. Small tributaries originated from ridges and hills. There are the main
Rivers Jarso/Aba kolashi and Alawuha which feeds the largest main river TikurwuhaRiver.
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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Alawuha River
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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4.1. Materials
4.1. 1. Tools
2. GPS
3. Geological hammer
4. Marker
6. Camera
7. Note book.
8. Pen
9. Pencil
10. Compass
4.1.2. Software
The method GIS based multi-criteria analysis will be applied for factor effect analysis and to
produce landslide susceptibility map of the area. The considered causative factors, possibly
responsible for past landslides will be reclassify and give weight for each causative factor class.
They can be quantified by counting grid cells and a hazard index value will be compute which
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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may ultimately lead to assess the landslide hazard by overlaying the inventory map on each
causative factor map classes.
Finally, multi-criteria analysis/ weight sum analysis will be done to produce landslide
susceptibility map of the area. To achieve the objective of the study will be conducted through
three stages. These are pre-field work, field work and post field work.
1. The location, mode of failure and volume of sliding area will be recorded.
4. Pre- existing slope material and land use land cover map will be verified during field
work.
A. The causative factors, possibly responsible for past landslides, will be quantified by
counting grid cells, and appropriate weight will assign to each of the causative factor
classes.
B. As per these weight values, weighted sum analysis will be done to produce landslide
susceptible map of the area.
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
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5. EXPECTED OUTCOME
The outcome of the study will be landslide susceptibility map at the scale of 1:50,000.
This study provides for government to do appropriate mitigation measure to minimize the impact
in the study area and for planners with a practical and cost-effective way to do safer strategic
planning for future developmental activities. To aware the society about which areas are more
susceptible for landslide and its consequences, and for recommend them in which environment is
appropriate for settlements will be better. It also used as a reference or a secondary data for the
next research works.
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8. BUDGET BREAKDOWN
Sub-total 13000.00
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WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
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REFERENCES
Alemayehu, A., 2006. Local spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in
the central highlands of Ethiopia.
Aleotti, P &Chowdhury, R. 1999. Landslide hazard assessment: summary review and new
perspectives. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58: 21-44.
Anbalagen, R., 1992.Landslide Hazard Evaluation and zonation mapping in mountains terrain.
Ayalew, L., 1999. The effect of seasonal rainfall on landslide is in the highlands of Ethiopia.
Dai, F.C., Lee, C.F &Ngai, Y .Y. 2002. Landslide risk assessment and management: an
overview. Engineering Geology, 64: 65-87.
Hofmann, C., Courtillot, V., Feraud, G., Rochette, P., Yirgu, G., Ketefo, E. &Pik, R. (1997).
Timing of the Ethiopian flood basalt event and implications for plume birth and global change.
Nature 389: 838–841.
Ibrahim, J. 2011. Landslide Assessment and Hazard Zonation in Mersa and Wurgessa, North
Wollo, Ethiopia.MSc. Thesis. Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Lulseged, A. (1999). The effect of seasonal rainfall on landslides in the highlands of Ethiopia.
Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 58: 9–19.
Raghuvanshi T.K., 2011 Slope stability susceptibility evaluation parameter (SSEP) rating
scheme – An approach for landslide hazard zonation. (Unpublished, research paper), Department
of Earth sciences, Addis Ababa University.
Singh, B. 1996 .hazard and risk assessment mapping of mountainous terrains case study from
Kumauni Himalaya, India.Eng Geol.43:237-246.
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GIS BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND FACTOR EFFECT ANALYSIS IN 2022
WOLDIA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDING
Wang, X., Niu, R., 2009. Spatial forecast of landslides in three gorges based on spatial data
mining. Sensors 9, 2035–2061.
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