Calculus 2 Batch 1 Questions and Solved Problems
Calculus 2 Batch 1 Questions and Solved Problems
BY
Dr. Emmah Marigi
Mathematics & Physical Science Department
How to find the asymptotes
g x
Given a rational function f x
h x
• There will be a horizontal asymptote if the degree of x in the
numerator is less than or equal to the degree in the denominator
otherwise no asymptote.
• A vertical asymptote will be given by h x 0
• A slant asymptote will occurs if the degree of x in the numerator is
one unit greater than that of the denominator otherwise no asymptote
To find the equation of the asymptotes use long division dividing
to get a quotient ax b and a reminder r x
g x r x
• i.e f x ax b
h x h x
• The slant asymptote is given by y ax b
Example 1
x2 4
Find all the asymptotes of the curve y
• For Horizontal asymptote 1 x 2
y 1 x 2
x 2
4
1 y x 2
y40
1 y 0 y 1
• Vertical Asymptote
1 x 0
2
1 x 1 x 0
x 1 and x 1
• The degree of numerator is not greater than that of the denominator
therefore no slant asymptote
Example 2
x x 1
3
• Find the asymptotes of the function y
x2 3
• Power of x in numerator is greater than in the denominator
no horizontal asymptote
Vertical asymptote
x 3 0
2
x x 1
3
4x 1
y 2 x 2
x 3 x 3
slant asymptote yx
How to find the asymptotes when function given is not rational
x y 2x 0
2 2
• Horizontal asymptote
2
Coeff of x 1 0 no asymptote
• vertical asymptote
2
Coeff of y 1 0 no asymptote
Slant asymptote x mx c 2 x 0
2 2
•.
x mx c 2 x 0
2 2
x m x 2mcx c 2 x 0
2 2 2 2
1 m x 2mc 2 x c
2 2 2
0
1 m2 0
m 1
2mc 2 0
for m 1 c 1 and , for m 1 c 1
y x 1 and y x 1
Example 2
• all the asymptotes of the curve x 2 x 2 1 y 3 x 1
x 4 x 2 x 1 y 3 0
• Horizontal asymptote
4
Coeff of x : 1 0 no asymptote
• vertical asymptote
Coeff of y :
3
x 1 0 x 1
x x x 1 m x 3m c x 3mc x c 0
4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3
x x m x 3m c x 3mc x c x
4 2 3 4 2 3 2 2 3
m x
3 3
3m 2 c x 2 3mc 2 x c 3 0
1 m3 x 4 3m 2 c x 3 1 3mc 2 3m 2c 3mc 2 x c 3 1
1 m 0 3
m 1
3m c 02
c0
yx
Exercise
Find all the asymptotes of the curve
x 1 y y x
2 2
x 1 y y x 0
2 2
• Horizontal asymptote
Coeff of x : 1 y 0 y 1
2
• vertical asymptote
Coeff of y 2
: x0 x0
Slant asymptote x 1 mx c mx c x 0
2 2
•.
x 1 mx c mx c x 0
2 2
x 2 m x 3 c x 2 m 2 x 2 2mc x c 2 x 0
x 2 m x3 c x 2 m x
2 3
2mc x 2 c 2 x 0
m m 2 x 3 1 c 2mc x 2 c 2 x 0
m 1 m 0 m0 m 1
1 1 2m c 0
for m 0 c 1 for m 1 c 1
y 1 y x 1
Example 3
1
Sketch the graph of f x 2
x
1
• For x -intercept y 0 0 impossibility does not cut x-axis
x2
• Turning points 1
y 2 x 2
x
dy 3 2
2 x 3
dx x
dy 2
at at. pt. 0 3 0 impossibility no st. pt
dx x
Asymptotes
1
y 2 yx 2 1 0
x
• Horizontal
y0
• vertical
x2 0 x 0
dy dy dt
d y d dy
2
dx dt dx
2 dx 2
dx dx
d y
To find second derivative
dx 2 d dy dt
We different w.r.t. x dt dx dx
Example 1
d2y 3t
• Find given that x e 2t
, y e
dx 2
2
xe 2t
ye 3t d y d dy
dx 2
dx dx
dx dy
2e 2t
3e 3t d dy dt
dt dt
dt dx dx
d 3 5t 1
dy dy dt e 2t
dt 2 2e
dx dt dx
15 7 t
3t 1 3 5t e
3e 2t e 4
2e 2
Example 2
d2y
• Find 2
given that x cos 2t , y sin 2t
dx
x cos 2t y sin 2t d 2 y d dy
dx dy dx 2
dx dx
2sin 2t 2 cos 2t d dy dt
dt dt
dt dx dx
d 1
dy dy dt cot 2t
dt 2 sin 2t
dx dt dx 1
2 cos ec 2t
2
1 2 cos 2t 2 sin 2t
2 cos 2t
2sin 2t 2sin 2t co sec3 2t
cot 2t
Example 3
d2y t t2
• Find given that x , y
dx 2
1 t 1 t
2
t t
x , y
1 t 1 t
dx dy 1
2
1 t 1 t 1 1 t 2t t
1 t 1 t
2 2
dt dt
1 t t 2t 2t 2 t 2
1 t 1 t
2 2
1 2t t 2
1 t 1 t
2 2
•.
dy dy dt
dx dt dx
1 t
2
2t t 2
2t t 2
1 t
2
1
d 2 y d dy dt
dx 2
dt dx dx
1 t
2
2t t
d 2
dt 1
2 2t 1 t 2 1 t
2 3
Exercise
d2y
• Find 2
given that
dx
1. x e 2t , y et
2. x t t 2 , y t t 2
Exercise
d2y 2 t
• Find 2
given that xe , ye t
dx
x e 2t , y et d 2 y d dy dt
dx dy dx 2
dt dx dx
2e 2t et
dt dt d 1 3t 1
e
dt 2 2e 2t
dy dy dt
3 3t 1
dx dt dx e
2 2e 2t
et 1 3t
2 t
e 3 5t
e
2e 2 4
Exercise
d2y
• Find 2
given that x t t 2
, y t t 2
dx
d 2 y d 1 2t dt
x t t2 , y t t2
dx 2
dt 1 2t dx
dx dy
1 2t 1 2t d 1 2t 1
dt dt
dt 1 2t 1 2t
dy dy dt
1 2t 2 1 2t 2 1
1 2t
2
1 2t
dx dt dx
1 2t 4
1 2t 1 2t
3
IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
An implicit function in two variables x and y is one curve which
neither variable can be expressed in terms of the other.
1)
d 2
dx
y
d 2 dy
dy
y
dx
2y
dy
dx
2)
d
dx
3y
4 d
dy
3y
4 dy
dx
12 y 3 dy
dx
d d du dv
3) for xy we use product rule uv v u
dy dx dx dx
d d d
xy y x x y
dx dx dx
dy
yx
dx
Example 1
• Find dy given 2 x y 2 5
dx
dy
2 2y 0
d
dx
d 2
2 x y 5
dx
d
dx
dx
dy
2 y 2
dx
d 2
y
d 2 dy
dy
y
dx dx
dy 1
2y
dy
dx dx y
Example 2
• Find dy given x 2 y 3 y
dx
dy dy
2x 3y 2
dx
d 2
x
d 3
dx
d
y y
dx
dx dx
d 3
y
d 3 dy
y
1 3y
2 dy
dx
2x
dx dy dx
dy 2x
3y 2 dy
dx dx 1 3 y 2
Example 3 dy d2y
Use implicit differentiation to find and 2 given y 2 x 3 2
dx dx
. du dv
v u
d 2 d 3 d d u
x 2
dx dx
y
dx v
v2
dx dx dx dy
2 y 6 x 3 x 2
2
dy d 3x 2
2y 3x 2 dx
2 y
2
dx dx 2 y
dy 3 x 2 2
12 xy 6 x
2 3x
dx 2 y 2y
d y d 3x
2 2 2
4y
dx 2
dx 2 y 12 xy 2 9 x 4
4 y3
Exercise
• Use implicit differentiation to find dy given
dx
1) 5 x y x
2 3
2) x y y x 7
2 3
•. 1) 5 x y x
2 3
d
dx
d 2
dx
d 3
5x y x
dx
dy
5 2y 3x 2
dx
dy 5 3 x 2
dx 2y
.2) x 2 y y 3 7
d 2
dx
x y
dx
d 3 d
y 7
dx
dy 4 dy
2x x 2
3y 0
dx dx
x 3y
2 4 dy
dx
2 x
dy 2x
2
dx x 3 y 4