MODULE 3 : B00 LEAN AL<siEBOA

.......
A- ,L- - - - - ~ - -
~ ND 0~1L CIRColT-5

1 n 0.. d,~ ~ ,l 'f 4,,-,, __, -fj,.,_ ar};__;_,_,_ ,,,d,».,•~ ...,{}JU-

.wuJ h, 0
r~ cu. ) =t;CNJ.. , --a,,,J Jv:u,_,._ 4 ~ J-1:-,,.fu ,_._ ,...,

ON ~ OFF .
~ p~
T1u- Go,lt"'-;:,J, 1 ,&,, /,.,rv,Ju ~
,
V~: O ~ 1...
~ C,o '#1 ui,,J (J._J i,. ~ 11 2.J •
ba.u, -r
J,,_ 3uu>ta..1 J 0... rw.m 6.,.n £~ ,__J ,;.,,

·w/4 ~ :t__ r~ ----::---fl--------,,.-i

r:

°-n•o" + a o"-( + A • - - • -r a..2.o).. + C<, · o + Oo

'YI-I

-+ Q.
-r
• ~ -I + Q-~ ~ ~-.l. -+ , -- - · -t Cl_ • y- m
m

Th.. c.o'frui,J"" °'J· ~ ~ o b, r- 1,

• To d.u.417F'h ~ ~ 1- ~- b~u, ~
&,,l.;e tI.,_, ece.w,,;,.J, .,;,., r~ a,-.c). wd,e 0...

,L,..1,wu;t ~ f,, beu-J v.w,I ,

Tiu_ f3 i'o ~ ~ ,..{f km .LJ. bO-U - l. m' -,-o.J_, X- )...

~ ~ -

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 _fu_ ~ .,U
/f 1k j,~~ ,·,o
~ A. 'tfe,M_ .
~'x - l 0
b '~ O.}t ha.A! - I 0
~ w-.
~ Ji ~

~ ).;.
lk
LEA£ T St~f\J/FI l.AN T (3 IT CL~ B)
I 0 0

1
(I) (I t O \ o) - IX 2 4 + l ~ 23 -t O ~ 2 1.. -+ I">< 2 -t' OX 2°
2.
- Ih -+ 8 + 0 -t 2+ 0

- IX 2. 3 + 0 X ll t \ X2 I + \ X 20+ t X 2.-l --t- \ ><-2>..

-.:: g -t 0+ 2+1-t-D.5+0•2.5

-. ( t 1.1 s))0

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 =- g+ 0+2+ .1-
-=- (11) ,o

I6 + g -+ 4 + D + l + o + o. ~ s

(-0 ~ \ I \ I O I O 1)
2..

... 2 S" b + I lg -+ 6 1i + 3 1. .+ l 6 + O -+ 4 + O -+- 1.

~ ( 5 o l)
lo

( l) Ct O I D \ 0 .. \ O \ )
J..
:::: I X 'P -+ D~ 2y + J X 2.
3 + D ')(. .2.-i. + I X 2 1 + o X l.() +
IX 1. -I+ O?< 2-). + l )< l.-2>

- 31-+-t1+8-+o+l-+ a-t- 0,5-t o+ o-115

~ 0J- 625 )
10

I X 2 3, -+ l "f-.. 2.2. -+ D )( 2.' + \~ 20

:::- <2 + 4 + I = (_13)LO

2, )
l~24-+ o-;.,22>--+ ox2. + 0)(2 +1x2-
0

\b + I ~ (17) LO

l Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

l
'I
-

~ ~ ~
~
IA

F'ox ~
i7W= -IW
#,_
~
d.,,.,'~
uK
b:4
~
k,,,,_ l. J,_,J
-
WW. vd ~
cLyt.

½
t,
l
A-1,,,"f . Jo ~ fJ J J¼<- k, ~ N.w ~ i, 'f fun. .

c~ ) ecta.1 ~m1rvi ~rfeml.

(; ,') 1-1 {}(Ct ~ •rvv,._} 'YU.JJYJ;e-t /4r·~ '
(ii,') ] < no God.J J)w·,,,_,J 1W ,,J,.,_,.,,_ ( Bc OJ j ';f- km, .

'B." °:':';J ~ /2 km '. - ;r

Ti,,_ 1:,,~ .-w,,,J,u, ~ -0. J·=h 1 2, k -rz 2 ., ~
t;;,., cJ,'r OXL ,w_J,,) , a,.,,,) ::tl-u,,_ ClJt.L CJ ,.,_re) I'

J)wma.1 N ~ 4~~-
l"k JwrvYJ.i- ~kt-n k TJ.r.J ~_. 0,)1 ., 2 ., 3,LJ.,s-.,, 6.,1.,~_, 9 ,

J(l O ~ l).)1l>1c/..t .., i.k ~ a ~-t.. 1 o. I

Gd-oJ Hu.rnb<A $_t km:-

'lhrfu1 ,S'f-k,-,,, rJ,.. ~ ~ J,..,d ~ , la, J,nu
~ = ~ d ~, .s~ ~ - tvv oJ:cJ o,,d

~ weJ r ~ ' J ½- J,."'c/ ~ '

r+
~Ju,,_}

()bl s.,«,n,J Uu. ll ha1e. ,,., crf J'la.d.,:,,_ g_ 11:- <L<U

A-t,t d,cjb 1 ck,,'~ ..J,'f-6

r
T>tu.·rv-ol J\J ~
O -JJ,-,.
N,,,.Lw. i'fb · 1L, ff -1-..c..i,

I t,l lf-Cl ~ kM .
7hR He.,xo.cku'~ f\.U.m.L~n.iJ cSrkrn ~ ~ kl. 1 J 6'

l1wu._ 0.>u.. tr; ,t'rh~ . 7Tu. clw~ ~'fh a .:l. 9..A>U.. U--!.u/
cu ~ p+ fut cL·f" -J:k
(J.J ~ ..cku· ~ l ~ , , ~ ~ I
~ A, B,, c, DA~ ~ F, wl0.. ~
vo.L.u..,.., 10., 1L ,1J ,a. 14 ~ 1s
Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
J-tUr~t·u~t-r II
 --
{)J-r;J Htx._a._d..u.J~
Dt- li tntJ.l. B t.Yl°'o
(ba.ae & ) (bcu~ 16)
(bcc.!t Io) ( bcue i.)
0
0 O Oo 0 0
00
01
0 I 0 ~ 0 1
02 2
02 0 0 I C
o3 .3
0 3 C o I \
01i 1-f
04 0 I O 0
05 5
0 I o I
OS 0-t> 6
Cl I 1 0
0 6 01
0 , I l i
o, O g
I oo a 1
o 8 l J
l O O \ 9
0q
12
I O I 0 A
10 13
I O l I B
I I
I½ C
12 t \ 0 0
15 D
13 I l 0 I
16 E
14 ( I I 0
17 f:"
15 l I \ I
'

I
I
I
I

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 svr.T..1 ~

~ l-pc53.+ 0X52..+2X5'-+ IXS'o-+~x5-1

-;: 50 O + 0 +IO+ ) -+ O· l/
;:;' (s11.4_)1,()

- !15+So+l5+4

j Cn,oit 1k r'.J &cW ~ tm+u du,·~ r:'·

I@ (103L{)
g
= 7 xs. 3 ~ 0)(.i'.l.-+ 3><.~ 1 -+ 4 x ~-0

z ~5S'-I +o +2.y +½
-= ~61:l-_)
~o

- 3S4 + lb+ 5-+0·31S+o.09375

:: 6_o5,1.t4~10,lo
@ Qblb,ll,\ tx"3-+/, t11. 1
'.Jg =- 0
'X o + I 'XS -tbx&
0

-+ \ xg-- 1 -t- t:, xg -1.

"' (£, 0, 2181-D.

lo

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

C,r:,"Utf t:,;_._ ~j -hv:akv'rncJ ~NJ.. ----;--~ ~
- m.buJ. - -;- - - ~
~ - - h-

~w·moJ ir+-em.
1 A-l D
G (BbSF)u; - 11x 11,3 --+6-xlb').--+ sx11, -+1SX16° B -I\
c-11.
- 4505b+IS36-rgo-t15 D -1 6

~ f-16 6 g7) IO £-1½

F-15

1
I O X I {;,l-. .+ 3 XI 1::, -+ g ~ l b"'
=
_ 0-6 Il) 10
-=====

::. ~I o o ,. '1 5 3 q o 6 2. 5)Jc

: : Ci 7 l.t g , ~ I 1. 5),o

3 ').. I o J _)_
I )(lb +\)(I&-+ l)(:lb -\-D')(\b -t- b'X\b + I.Xlb

- 036S,o0390b'-S)
to

II
Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
 Nurn but Bcut. Cnvlfij ,·o n.1. .

'Ji..,_ ~ ix; j' ....b&l.. ck,_,,,,-r.a.) ,,,_, ,.J,u.. ,t't' k m ~

&,~ WU &.4 'Ylilml,,_,. tr~·
'J~ j}, .U MUMM<J f;, CorivuJ d.u,•~ ~
)'f.µ,, vn t,, ;.h o/w,J_,,,J- J,.,·Nl,,t
(i) B<ncf t,, 0t1--uJ ~ C:,n~ ...---
(ii> 8;,.,-U t, ~,rr-af -J,,.um.l,.u,, ~nvutM<Tn -

(;:·: ) {9Jw J;, b,n(/ G,,,,~ -

Ht.~~ h bi' 0:>n~ -
!.,~ , .
C,v)

( vJ t>thJ ±,, b,,.,,.J

{vi) J)w'.rnai h, &hJ C,t,.'1 ~ . ,_

(v11) 1-fex_arku~ ~ ~ ·,na} &,n~

( V111) 'J)w•rna.l 1o ~d.Lu~ ~

(x,) 0cJ-oJ. L
,a ~
I I I
~ lonv~
C>9 He ~ ·rrv;J ~ IL .c _, ,
(J[.,t"q_)- Con ~ ~

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 f Bu,d
$~ I : ,. Ma.kt.
t,
h 1 3 _ w,.

~
!.b<tj rFo.,J- ~
b
B r'
JtJr r0-MJ- o.<0 M5f3 }- J

~,o
S+<-fJ: ~
O'~
Y
cJ-&~1~·
.,,,1J (hJoJ ru,_mWT &,.J,. r ~ ,- 3 Wl.

~ ~
&'0 b, 0 c}u./ (_,, r, V ~ >_

,. 1 CI 0 I 0 \ ' 0 I • C I ' ,) )..

r-0
aprl-..J 0
} 0 l
t__..--...,--J
~
1 tJ
~

<E::-
I
I
" 0~ \
\

~
'

.
l

0 I 0 C
_..,.. t \ 0 I • 0 \ ) ,a o
255".31.f

c, o , o , , o , . o I , i) ).. = c~ 5 5 3 4) #

2. ~ I O IO I \ \ \ 0 l \ JO \ • \D \ \ JO )'.l.

::Ile\ o
~ £
1\1101\10\,.
~ ,:(__ > ~ '
~o, ~
,,o

~~57.35.5~
g

3· 0 l O I I l \ \ D I O • 0 ' 1 l 'O 1 1)
2..

~
----- ----
11011\\ \0\0 .. 01110,\

0\J 011 ~ill· O\l \Dl \ tJO

- --

_ __
Availaible at __ 1).-. CB
VTU HUB (Android
m '1 £ ( E.) 5v:rT
{)er+,App)
- -
1
--- -- - - ----
~. 0 I O JD' l I I o,1 5, (t I O \ l O l 1 I \ O~

=- l\0\01\11 O ~ _1 1 o , 1 o_,_, I \ o
=.DOI IOI Ol\ II0 2 0 l \ Oll 0111\-0
- - -- -- I
~ t!!::"- ~'<:-(:-

C. 0l I O I I O 1 I I o , 1 I I O 0 2
1. @• l \ I \ D Io \ l O 0
2.
::., l I 10 I \ 0 \ I 1 0 .. I 1 I 0
..-~ ~ ~
= O.. \ \ \ I O I O I \ o l
~ ~--;:!,~ ~

~ 0lI IO I \O I
+- .,__ ,.__ ~
,,o, 1110\ ~ ~
0 -::O, IIJ IOI 011010
- - - ~

= (j 5 S b . 1 2.). = 0 ,7 5 3 2) g

s. cf O I O I O l I O • I O O O \ 1)
.2,

1010 I 01 10. 10001 I

~ ~ ~ --:, ~

~-0 0 I o I O I I I I (') 0 2.

= 1010101,1100

z (s 3 1 4)g

IO. ~ I O 1 1 0 I I I O. l OO I I o _0
2..

::: \ IC i\OlllO. t00llO\

~ ~

------- -
-= 00 I l O I l O I l l O • t O O l IO l O 0

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 {ii) 'Be~ °'a f;., 1-J l x_a)uirruJ ~ l, n v u-u.i.,m ,

w~ ~ :b.J:- ln,.e_ T -1-/,xad.,,,,.•,,,.,,J 'YLLL,.,J,v.. :u 16 _,,_)

1u t
-J-,.._ ba,,
r fr b ''fl°1j ~
luxo..J.,,,·,,.,J ,wml«
u. 2 .

1.t 1, ti, f~ 1 b~ r
J, 1 ?=.,,J,u,. LL:, ,;} ~::. I 6 •

J~,
e, •...,J,J
1M
,bl,
~r
n .d.,r
'J 4
-6-
1 1;"°"'1 ~
µ,. ~ -~
~
ko.kt.,
c,.,t._ ~ lo ,, v-,.,,.1;- ""<f b; {:' -f-i,~-,,,,,.J o/('✓ ,J.c ·

:re C, n11uJ- b:,, °if ~ t; ~,.,.,J o/'" ,J,,,:t .

,. dIO I l D 11 f O· l O O I I D /) J.__

\ l O l l O I \ \ Q .. I O 0 I 1 0 I ➔ tvl~,-4
I"'~ 1o..,.1- ~a.1
l~ ~~
rc,xf-
ll0II01IIO. toDI lOI
~

J,
~0--
--~
~ f+d.d,'~ 0 -h ~ a. ru.r 1 w~
.AlkL'tj
~
0~
,_Lf~+o ~ o..

0(? I IO I IO I' IO •I() 0 I fCl t CJ

.J,,
3 (; E .. 9R

3'.(il O I I l l t'.J 10 t 1 \Ol1

z. CJ, 01(1101.00
.L
z:- \\011110\ 0 I \ ~
t\O 11110l·ol ~
~-< ~ -->
• ; 0 I I o I l I l o I O I ~I 0
:;?Ooo,~011 \to\.0100 -4 _c_ -

--1,-
0_ t3 D ... ½.\c. -=
~
i,::s o) t.c.
'.:!.

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

[ ])r. CB M h,,.ou'at_ p~~-
-
Ct, .
J

l I O I Ol 0 I I I CJ I 1)2
½·
0, 11 o I 0101 I l O l 1~ o..rrJ o's.
= .____..__, 1,,_.....-v--1 ~
j)
1...---v---,

.P 5

-- 1
0, 11 O I O IO I I 1 o I IO 0 0
~ ~ ~

=-~-DSDR)
I'

5. (i 1 0 I O I IO 1)
1
c. 0 ' \
I I 1 I \
'l
~
llOIOllO I ) lI \ l l I l l l 1
~ ~ v-v------' =
= Ooo I l O lO I\ 0 J F F F
'---'"V""'-' ~ ~

= Ct AD) l6
-- (rr;F) 1,

7. (o Oo I o o l o o l o o l Oo O t oo l I D 1 oIIo 1 Il l V 2..

~ 0 tJo I O O I 0 0 \ O0 Io o o l o o \ IO\Ol\ 01 l \ \ '

. ~ I ~ \..,,--v--J L---r-'
L--v---J
~
~ L--y--J
I 2.. 9 A D f-
9
::..
0 25 89ADF)
l6

g. (, 0 t l O L \ \ \ Q.llOOI o 1 O o I 1)).

== lOll('.)\\ltO.ttOOlOIOO\I
\...,--v----.J ~ ~ v-v--' L.---v----.J
~ ➔
Ap,-t~1 c'.)~

= 0 0 IO l l a I \ \ IO .. \ \0 0 l O \ 0 0 \ \ 0
~ < ~ >--;> ::.:>

::. (2... D E - C. A 6).

l6

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 f /1,')

To
(9d;:J
C,o,...,,.,,J;-
f:,,

a_
£1,,d
r ~
[}mv~

.,,,,,,,,J,,,, t,, a
.

Bl 4 ,
~t- ~ ~ &Ju_( T -½ ;1, 3 _1,;r Jr·a
y .,.,J.,.,J: - j-U w-<. b,_,. fj.,_,.. i,, ~ J.,I th,_

3- w &o o/",J.,.,,L, 1- & l,a,,,,,• '- T 1 ~

I rur.J rv..un1,..u,. A 6~ .

I i,.vJ:- -(9,bJ ;/,, ib. ~ trr·.,ak,Jc ~-

/, G,r\ vuJ- ( 2 1 I, 3 3) R ~ ~
qolt) !..,

2 7 ~ 3 3 I
-J,, 4, ,J,, J. 01101\).).
Jr -- (o l 0 I l \ t lD
l II ~ I 0 O I I 0 11
010

1 2, l1 l 5 . 2 5)
B,

-:>G I\ 0 IO l O \ . 0 IO lO I) .l.

=97 y 6 3. 2Y 5
' J J, ~
;)(ftt foe -\lO O \ \ . 0 I o lOO I O \) 2

~- G3 s 2) g

& \000\\IO\OIO
½ 3 S 2

:: 6 0 00 I I l o I o Io )2.
s (,s-. 543;,::.
~ I \ )J Lo 1 / Io I ,, I tJ o,, o l I

G. ( :=.) (i t 1 I tJ I " I o I l D O b l 1) .,
,,,3,t.i.t.) Iii~ -,
g =~ ~ I O I l • 0 O I O I O Io o)
, ~
Availaible
1
at~ VTU~ HUB--::: ~ App)_:_B •tn/ D<p~ 'Ec.E. _ l
),.- , ~
(Android
 (iv) 1-tuiJ.-,; mJ t, 8111(! (J,,,vdt/,,um .
~
r
,-
lo
!-
G,
~!tu.,
nvut.,X;
L

fp,J,
A r ~
,
~
Db

•MV>.J
I rruJ
•

~-r -½ ;A
_b, o, b.,,
4- ln1- J,,;~ -
J
o/"ak.n.t . .Ml ~ ~ b, ~
ctr ,u ~ r~ - ~ 1,;r
k.c.'j yv~ ; /hL ba1.: L °1 ~
~ tr +<rt\ .

CwvJ- & ~J ~ numk ~ 13,.J .

(,) (B B E 6". , ~
i ..

looo (0 It '110 0 l 10 • 011 1 lo I 0

\..-v---> ~ ~ . '---',-.J ~ '-v--3
g B E i 7 A·

~). (g B E 6 . 1 A_)r 6
-
-
C, o o o Io
I I J I I 0 b I I 0 •0 l I I I o I o)
2

(i0 (3 0 b. D) I'
"
- CO~ O I I O O O O C, l I O •
~ L-v-' ~
I O ,)
l
I
3 e C. p

Oo \ o I I I I \ 0 01 lo l 0 -=-> CO O ~ O l\I I \ 0 0 I \O \ o) 2

: - Gci I o \ CJ \ 1 \ to a - t l 1 0
2..

.I
I
• I.
Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
Fv) (9J.J
I .A" Mo.I ~ -CllA\ I,,_ (,o,,..,j".,,) i, k,,.,_al r~
I 1'J ,,.,JJ;.f"f 'j --io,J, &JoJ cLjF t:f ;h f~ /JJV~ .

J- C,,wuJ (9Jc,) J,, ;J,. du,,.,.,,) o/ i vo./.,,,J r,.u.rn),u.._

1. ~ 3 'l 1. "10 5 0g
-: 6 I( g 3 +3 X g + 2 x g + '.l 1 "1 X g O +y X ~ -J + DX g - >- + 5 X 8 -.3 + I X g - LJ

- 301 l + I 9 2- + H, + 7. ..+ ~
&
,+ o ..+ 2,.
51 2.
-+ _j__
'-t O 9 6

i~ ,. ~
t).1oS-K2. ~ I· '-1 I
O. YI X 2 ::: 0 · i :l
o.i1.x2 ::: l,64
0.61.4><:2.. ':!. r-~~
0. St.

0,5(:,X2 -
I., 12

0 , 1))(2 ==-
0 -~'1
o . .:t4x2- := d> .I;&
o. 4gx).. ::: ~- q 6
~
0-~6)(2 :::. l • 'l :>..

0 - l
_· .(_0 . ; o S ) :, ( 0 :· I O I I O t () 0 0 I ) 2
.' . (la 4) 1o :: Ll O I I O \ 1 II O) 2 lo

G) Co n-1ot.e ( \ 5 9 ~ • ~ 1 5) l O ~ 4--- b-l~

@ ~ tsq.3

2.L't'i-o
CB o~g,,
('.)-~"1)(2-=

0,15 ;xi 2-::

\-7S'
I· 5 o
1
Q' 50 ~
1-0 0
l ~'l - r 2 -:.
2 4q _
2. 4- '
'l. 12.-0
2, 6 - 0

l., 3-0
( f I- I

IS~ ~) 1<> =- ( I l O Availaible

O O l I I O O 1)at
.l.. VTU HUB (Android App)
 -;jIv. Co n ......,;,.-,, ~ t, {kJd ..U. J :,.,,;l an j,, -/J.o.J- 1
Ju,:,,..,J t, J,;"""J a,,,~ . ~ ) fJ-.. ~ o,.,,J ~
~ i /J.., J,.,;mol ~ ()JU.~ ,{~, a,,,.,) tJ,,_,._
fJ,.,_ J<,uu1t, DJ<L ~ , , J b, ~ ~ cl.u. w) .,od,J ,,_,,,.J,u, .

1n tJ "' f ._J Co nvl.Jt,,Wrl' : f<'f, c..U J..,:,.uJ ,· = rvu.ft..,,J

To CAn,W- IJ,,, J duJ,,,,d ~ ~ :I:,, ~ , gu ~
t"'_ ½
J;,,.d-,_ 1J....

Jom.,·nJ.u, .;,. fk

t,f r 1N-
/\.UM,W,

o/""a.lud
M.sD _
8 M
Jh.t.. Jumo.JMW<-l Jt_4P.d
cJ-a_J ~
14

~-
tf°t:,,,1-
r µ. 1) _ 1h.. I,,, t

j,.,,Ucm f;,

FJt~ rw Con•vw.e-t>: r<.r~ ~c.J,.m, «ul-W -

To C..n,uJ:- tJ,._ r J.,.,.;maJ ~ f,, &<.M J Juli.½ · ~
~ it,,_ cJ.,,.;m,J ~ o.,,,J "Wrl rt; J.w.,.,.,J ~ .
1a g f,:u fl,,,_ !"'°Ju_J- .i,. ~

\,
ol,-/a,n.ld - Ji,_._
Ms,,_ 1hw., )J....
rt- -
.w.r
.1n7"
0 c,,-

-'U,u}
r~
f.JJ )J.,_

~
br
~qd

t., halt:.-m
A~

~
r .u
.u

jJ..._
jj,,_

1r~ &Ja.j~·

(rJPV ~
· ~ ~ ·
,-----'4 C2000, = (~\,
j '-. J la 6

~ ~12.003 '
g 2.5 O - 3,
g 31 - 2.

0- 3

: · C10. o 3Jlo : . ['?> 1 231'_} " 6

('.). 7 OS X g ~ 5". ~ t.,

0,64xg =- 5". 12
~· . (0.10s) ro : 10 . 550 75 __)
C
D· 12.. xg ... O·9 ~ s
I_ = ,at. &gVTU HUB (Android App)
0 · '1_6 X g
Availaible
O· 6g x ~ -, \ s.
I (iii) ~,wui.t ( I\ 5 g 2 • g1 5) t O Jm-h ~ .

~>
8 \ \ s·g l
g I 11'11 - 6
g 1.20- 1
g~
g ~
0-1

0 · ~ 1 5 Y 8 -:: -,.. 0 0

:1
"825X~ b• (, ---7'

I
~ g 1 -2 0,6.X g =- 4- ~ --"7

s lo- 2 o .. g X g -- 6,y ~

I .... 2
-, ·( o . ~ 'l S ~ =( CL 6 y (,) t
~' . ( 6 ~ g) : : ( 12 2. 2)
lo 8

[v) Cmvutk (31g.q3) 0 ~ <9J-rJ,

@ 31 8 ; Ju. W/,. ;,,_._ Ji vJ,;" n (] CO •B).. J-,, () JJ

b ~1g 0,'£3 '>< ~-= 1~lfl..t

~ ~~-121 0·'14X\<~
0•5-3)<' g=
a.52
Lt-lb
o-s·) 0,16X8 ~ 1·2~
.:-(51 2) R ~ (o . .., 3 lf 0~

~ Cs 11- ·13 ...,,)g

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

1)... C
 (v~ Dtu·mo.l to ~me,.)

{ ~ Conv~ ~ ; }J.,, ~ evJ ~ ~o.,,:f

°b ~ clu;rna.} "'-""'1,w O.>tL 1x.u,t,,} ),~ J a,,.,) ~ - -U,.,.
' )'-',aJi.,. a,a Ccm.1,.;,,.,,J l. ~ -fj,., J.u U<LJ ~

'" r ~.
r.,.:1 : 12'f, ,J-,_J
~
J; ..;_,, IO ,., MtH-cci
l.Jr
To C.ovuJ- jJ,,_ d.u,·,.,.,,J ru,-rn.W, -1,, ~ ,.,.o..l,
J.,_u,,,_;~ J;.;.c4 tJu. ~ ~ ~ lb,. -J;JJ tt,.. ~ 4 o.
1kt. la.d u ~ M.s D .
r r
Jt4.MaJ f\.Jv,,

Ji,,_ XJ.Jn.aJ,vl,,v. xw ~ i,, ~ & 1r~

~ Qf\o/ ~-
FJt....t.,;,..,,J Pew: Co,.-~ : f<'-fu.-t ~ ~ (WJ1..., d .
To (,,", ,.,J:- tJ,,_ d,.; ,v,a_) ~ r i,, ~ ~ J

,g .. ,,,_,_~ ~ 1k ~,v-cJ ~ cu,_cl j~ ~

~ ~ f'°Jd- .LL ~
~
~, J,,r J-J
~
,U
11, )j)J

8frh,J,,J.
&
JI,.,_
~
~ + 7
D

l,f i. bntl.u.,,, g;,.,.,. 1M

r er bJ Jk
ti.,.. l.p u. ~ll -

ti,,,~ ~rrvil ~ ' 0

Jm+o ~ \ ~ -
CB ~ ~ tcuit
0,G2SX)b = 10=: A
( O· (; J s) ~ ( O. A\
fo ~I<.

I
} Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
Ji?~~0 I,{, Y g 65 o
\,.Sp
l '° 3o l J ·- I 11
-
-[
1-', I ~g - J.3 - j)

I6 II - 12 - C
D- I 1- 8

_[ r'O.£.s:>
~

:1
O· G5:X H,;: Io . L,

O,Lu<lb '::' 6. 4
1
' l.sp

~· . (s 3 2 · b s)lo z
~
li111. A r;) I(,

~- ~r-." utt- {:§ g 9 9)lo ' "'+o ka.JwnwJ ,

11:, g<;s>9'l
lb 55"6- 2.
lk 30 I
~
.· . tggql\)
\.__< l1>
=(1.2c3J IG,

S". 'P~ (814gb1)10 = 0) 14

le. 89'1~bl
lb SSq1') - j
lb ~t.,95 _ 9
l& J..1 8 _ 7
I(, (?,_

o-
A
1;- D ,
·,·c~ 9 Li 8 6 'V, - (D A 113),
lo I&

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 t~:@ lb 1ogy 0 O,<J5 X lb .: 15. 'l :: F, l
16 lf4 2 - c. 0 •2 )< Ii. :: 3 2 z 3. l
I~ 21 - A 3. 2 3,4
o.2x\4 : -· '
I G I ·- B
o- r
(o.95) ~ (o, F 33j
lo 1-(;

.'. 60/lli .95) = (i BA l

10
-FB3 ---l

1.

0·2.oR x lf. z 3.32g-= 3 - 32g

C,32.g XI'- :: 5.,4~ & 5. 2118.

0., 4 9. ':I. 16 2 3. 9 & ~ z 3 ·9 b g 'V

I

r
: . (o . 3, g) =fc;.'5 E3 5 3 - - )
to l:" ''

g. Grwexl- ('1½11-~5) ~-h, ~•ma)

10

A~ : c6 '1'-t11

1, 21tf- 1)

J(, I1 - 7

I<, I - J

0-1
0, g 5 X It, : 13 6

O,bXl6 = 9 -6
D -6Xlb ::. 'f .<,

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 ~ Lo (\V uJ;J -b.,
~ ~ . u· ~ d.Jff

~ l:Q C,')'\vutl- l 5 c_ 7) l l.
_,;.,k d.Lu,'~

( 5( ,),, - 5>< 16 1 + cxu;' + 7X161)

== 5xu/ + 12)(.1(.' +i><J

0 a"~ (Ac.D H,
~ ~ -

A-10
C- I)..
= 2. 5~ o + L CJ l -+ ~

z (21 '-o)~ ..
~

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 .....

(9JrJ ~ Gnv~ . ~
rx) ~

To {;,wuJ AAJ_ ~ L ~rna_l~ rt

r
Q,ri

G,nvut- Jj._,_ ~ ~ }j fht4 Q~ ~

k ~ -
brJ ~

3 5 r l, oc:irJ
CJ l \ tO I I l /I I \ 0 B ,'f\j

i, t l \ 0 I l \ I \ \ 0
L----r----1 ~ v---r--1
1 7 £ ~ (11 £) l,C,

(b . ~"'•)
2 . (2-i3) to ~ -~
8

2. -w 3

~ LO . \ l \ 0 I 1 c!f- Bl't\._aJCj

1' 0 6,,.."v.J- Brn.~ & ~ -~

J)-. CB rn~ 1¥1.ou·a1, P+o---1

Availaible at VTU HUB 6t f Ci; , 5App)
(Android
. Dt.pt- \I 1',
 To Co""vuJ- Cl ~ 'tn.a.-1 ~ -b, r.9J.J 1Jv..
r
.J

~ .u. k F~ e,,~ vuiX tJ.... ~ ,-,wJ

t.. J,,~ ~ tJw.. h..~ ~ L McJ .

J 5 7 6
00 I I 61 o l O 11 I C) 1 I 0

A B c..

l O I o lo I I I 1 o o I I o I ~ 8 ;!'l ~

'D., c~. 8 r-A/ Av..o rJ ~ PACT~ at',

E ce(Android
Availaible at~¼-.
VTU HUB 1 SvE.T
App) 1
 .
u- ./ K,,J N,,_,,.J,u_ t'f km C: ', ~ r,.+•~
2~ G,L'rn.l.t\X
T>u.·mc.J ~ ht-km C q/ 1

1 CD rryL ~
~ lo~ (t)rryJJ~

Not..: . ~,·"~ AJ~ ·

0-+0z 0
0 +1::. 1
l + o -: . J
+1
l -+ I = l o ( o ➔ c4 i) I O ~ l

[
I
I

I Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 -1~ a ~ 'r~ui-~
11-a. j~ ~ 1,; 1-.·nJ '7'1.J.JmhUt il fJvi.
?U.lmlM. -Jfu± ~u..LG ~ 4A tJvu/ a.LI I .J ~ :LAD5
Ofl J J:A._ tv...o .5 l:i> &,vJ. .
'-- '"'--

~
F,; .,J 1~ .. r--.. -~ --
e,,.,,.,.~ 1~ ~j
t3 (t l I O 0)2. ? I~ la~~
( I
C) 0 0 t I -?' [Con .,.uJ- DJ. ➔ I~ J,_

,'.! ➔ o'5'.]

®6 l D l O 1 0 O) 2. ....:> 0 0 I O 1 0 I I

@)(l5), = 0
a I 1J_
I
2~ 5 .A
1-J
1~ C a ~ 1 1111 .LA ODDO 2._

'l, 3-J
l - 11
' ®61100_) ~ 1'.s e.,,~ <.<
l!JOOll
z.

@ ( 2 8~o -;;> i"tLp L: _ C,rwu:l. ~ 2~

{!-()vo ~
I~
(t
t,o~
I l O O j2..

1 (tl\00)1.. ~
2,~

2-~r
2.l::.2._
,-,
&_ oa t 0i.

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

J
 i 6 ID O o I oo)2

t l o o o \OD
J}r. cp,m,. 'D~+-1 EC£.., sv:r.-r.
, '
1 I O 1 I
L+ L2.10
+1
0 0 I f I I O ·o -'> ~ Co~

'G> {=' t("\_J li u,~1-

(i) (i 0 i O I I)
.l

l't- G,~ 1- (10 JO '.0,_

I

J.J ·
t O 1 0 10 0
+I
ru}J ➔
J
010 I o I~ 2~ (.,o~

G, ) (! l l O O I_)
2.

Ii to~+ I => J~ t.-0~-

~> f!JO O l l 0
+l

{1,',) (} 0 I O I 1)
I 2.

I - I
l
s lo~--r-J

:::: OJC loo+I C,lolO t:>

-+ j

010/o J
: :. Co I O LO 1)
2.

{.v)(o,11000)
2.
A I I ,

~ J (.,o~ u. 100011

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 I
1£

~o f~ A- 13 / ~ ·J
I, TW ,~ c,,~ 1 B {/4~) '
l~ Ruu!t ~ A {m.,~ J+ 1'-5, l,o~ 1 13
J. gJ ~ 4 ~ ~ JW.ult- u t-~ ,~
(~ k, ~ Jt.Uull- ~ ~ b1 Jt.u.u.i.t .
gj o-u,/- ~ ~'!it;., :,., fJ...,._
u;;~r.
4, l,~ ;_, x,.,,.Ji, i.,,. a,;)
iJ

P~·--
(r) JJ'r [5)io - (3),o
t
)-rt BJ·f\J[o I o 1 )2. - (D o 1 , )~

-'U, ~:- ~d j, lo~ t Oo 11 ➔

~
l I D 0
I
s~ .t ! - AdcJ ♦ oi o , + i to o 0 t o 1
-t- 1100
I

~-. ~ : : Co o , o~ CJ ~ ~_J
~
0 o ~I
I
J
~ A dJ ii, yt" + /
Be~ ~ 1 (2)10 t'~ ..J.J O o r O

(,~ p+ {:u,Jo- (t9),o 64,' ~

(j&)~o = Il \ 0 0

(L~) 0 -::. Io o \ 1

'ii lo~ 1 (1~) 10 :: ~ ·.J

I ol o l I t -I

.,,U.
0 l 1 "°' C) 0
a.J-d (11100) .t.c, 0 11 00
I I

I I I o O / (?l 000
-+ 0 I Io o -+- ,
~oroo 0 o I oaJ -:= (~10

Availaible at VTU -HUB (Android App)

(_~~ --- -----~-~
 {,, 0 r+ (1r))O _ (2~)
Jo iu:J I
/J
~
- .,
(« t;) IO
=- G II 1 I)
.L
( l5 )
-(2 ~)
( 2f) 0
:;_
(111 Ob)l.
10

lo

-(I 3 ),o
• f

1 (ig~D --
I l
IS Lo~ ooo I I
a.Jot ( {~) - ..., 0 I I 1 l
Lo

I D O t 0

~ J
~ I
ft~
1
ls lo~ 1 Jwull- 01
~
o I -;> -( \3)
Ju

6v) M=. Io lo to o M-1-J

/ N-=. lo OolOO
,
tu..."o Is (.p~ •
1
,~ ~ o-1D N ~
~
f '
Lo ml - · - 0 I I I oI I
-+ M=- lolO loo

QJ O O o l I t J,
C~ ~ -ti·

~ 0 Jooo 0

8...Nw«..:::. ,, 0 0 0 O

{v) M.:: lcoo too

N?- lo I o I oo .)
r+ M-N ~;0 ,:s lo~

I
c{~,,!- \s u,~ N~ C) 1 0 1 0 I

-t- M
°' :::.

1
lOOOlo O

t I o I I / I
'no~~

.o.,.,..,,,,. = - (r'J LD~ i I IO I 11 1)

;: - 0010000

... -10000
Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
 --------

P.11.0~ :-
, r+ (s1., - (3),o
~
L_ 0 I O 1\_ - (o O II) L

0 o I I I l O 0
+I
I l o 1
tL:IJ __,) l 1D I -+ b I O 1
) '
.::> I ~ 0 1 1

-t O .1 o I

5 0 0' 0

~ ~ >a"-'- , .An,"""'- :;; (j; 0 I O )2 ::: C2.) I "

P+ {3),o - (t;),o
(0011)- (0101)1-

1- c~),
.2.

~/J ~ ~ 1> =- 0 Io l .,(.,! I· CJ I 0

+1
J , l O ' ,jJ.
Add ) Oo Il .+ \ O \ I ~ O o L)
o ad 1
+ l o l I
+'

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

0 r M :.
w: a "~
l o lO loo
(.p~ .
:J N-=- looo100,.,
f~
M-N 1
!o \f'), ~ U)~ 1 ~.:: 0 I 1 \ t)' I I,
(loo o I oo) + J

0 I I I I O 0
) I

J
l I
.M ➔ to I CJ l O 0
+ 0 i I I lo 0

QJ 0010000
_J
oluc.fJJJu)
~
/ · ~~:: l O O o o

(9 M::: 10 oo LOO

N;: 1010 lo-o

p~ M-N l)_.li 71
J o/1) , Co~ 1 AJ =-)
I

0 I O JD 11 ·
I

+ I
, , 01011 0 2>
M lobotoo (
0101100 f._-_}

I I 100
00

t+ .,~ Co~ 1 1110000 fa,~

0OO I I I
f I I {

I
+·~ ,JUJ.t.t.il, .

-+ I
(6v I 00 Oo)
=- -)
C •

~Lo-Ui.. 00OO

(:"' '"1" ~ --~~ -

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 1-f .... CJ I O 0

9- Io o

JJ &,~ 11~ 0 I I o + I

~ 0 11

0I b o
- -======-
c.t-01,,

/IO IJ

N.,D ~ J ~ u.11-
0 l (J o
+ I
0 \ O J

(0100 ),__- (1001).,_ ~ -(o 101),. = -(s),o

J~
1101 - lot -o

l O t o ~z"JN~
I
0 l 0
+1
0 1 I 0
1
t I o .-:J~ ~ 1.1,,,_)~
-+ O l I O -I;- ,l . . f\.Utn-b-u

~ ➔ r
< ~1 °""'~=-LOO, 02..

~v.IT
Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
----
 l)~ GB (f) j ~o ua.h_ P~w
'Dt..pt . 1 E.Cf.) S'JX-1.

I ~:-
@ Pn.d ID~ 1 ~ ' j [,; J 5 .11i) 10

~> lO
~
- 5 :J. S" ~ O

~ t O O 000 -5'~ .C ~'D

=> '-t 14 i O

{J) r:,~J It!', 1 it,,_ ~j

(,) (?-3~61) _
lo

4 ,N.,, g,~ fcu...f-

~ '14 1"-N
"h z O ~ rv, ~ .;,.,
J"kr-' p<Mf
Go" - o. 3 2.(,-Q
Availaible at VTU
== HUB (Android App)
{l-b-?>lb1) -::: 0,61:33
., _ :e % -----
 {i'n

y't')_ N
').
~ Jo - J~,63CJ
~
.,._ too - ~r - 63~

~ ,i.,.~~,
c;,;:) 13 571

·t "- N
.5
'Y\z.- 5 _,,, -' l O - J 3 S- 7 j

:= 100 ooo- t3S-11

=> 86 Lt 2. J

{iv) ~- oo q o O

r"'- N
?l.:.6 -'::: lo"-'lotJttOO

Nz. 900 ~oo - 1000000- qool'.loo

- 09'll0O

(v) Oco o (!11,) 0d03S-

o,.,- N i"- N
11::. 1-j
::::: to 11 -ooot) 1").::,. 0

(Jooo· to" - 0 . I o 3.{""

oooa 1l ()000
jJu r;~1 t-o./o3S- = t!}. q '10£

Y()- N ~11_ N
,., los- N
LO - 83,Lt.5 1
= IO OO O O - I 1 g So' (,.f ~ 1t
l(,:lS".'-,1

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

I h~ A,_ ' q'5 C,~ 1 ;fJ.,_ ~ ·71
I ~.
(D SJ~'10

~ 1"- 1-~N

9"7' rtVJ- (~
'h~ 1 ~y:A)
'h\ ➔ ~ ~ bfh ~ ~ fe.d
"fl _. S- /'re- D

,. os-_ ,o-o- ~.tS-10

1l)s - 1 _ s .tr q o z.) 41 '1 o '1

(3}(o,3H1) t.o
@) ·'l~11-,.','j

"Y\ z. o m.i. Lr --,n - r-""'- J\J

y"'1_ y-m_ N

t 0"1 _ I 0- ">:_ g 3 i 4. 51
::- 1~ el·0oor-o-3~61
= l6~S-J.,

G O· lb3~

o 'Y)__ ~- J\J
-n::.. 0 'YY\ z..J.,
~ too - 'o-lt o .Jo3.S-
~ ' - 0 I oo O ' - 0, J 03.)-

c) l1850·6S-&'t

o "- y-rn_ N
'7) =- S" '}'Yb- ,.,
~ "Y) - r -..,.,_ N
~ ,1g~o-~.f&l.f
0
10 -io -'1 -
tof - to _ l3S-11

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 I B,,.'iJ J,~ U.u"J
Pvf"' t;..,_ r:; rµ, ;J
@(Ltti) - (3~1-t),~
lo

M,·~ - 14 rs 1)
\__"' to

$~ - (3s-4),~
Skfi!- i,'r\J Lo'~ ~ 1 ~/
in .... 3 _ Lo~ - 3 t 4

=· 64b

J+<r .1. ➔ a.dd H ,-~ a.ri..cl .t~

-f- 6'-tb

DJ I 3 .3

t__ c°""U ~ ~ Du<AJt.d

-~- At.t~::-(t33)I t,

~ (s 4 a1) - ( 3 4) to l0

M-@'-131)~
S- (oo 3Vio
-,
0
-"' .:::.>
1
to J lo~ 1 /,~,
4
I O - 0 0 3 °1 -=-> 09- 6 I), 0

8 Lr ; I
-t416(
[IJS,9 4 8
~ cl;,. CP<d ~
hN ~ ~Ii 39 ~ lo
-======

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 io', l,o~ 1 3 ~ ..,, "'- N
=> io - ' 3
::.. -,
6
+ 1
OJ 2,
4~
~

® (3oq_). 0
- (I Li 4 Vi~
/Vl 7 (3 'D
0
10

I O '-1 - I 44 7
toooo.-14'11 = ~s-s0,.,

r
lo .s

....., I IJ ~
loo o o - g 8 6 2. 1/'

~wU...-::. -(113g)J-o
® s~ l~S 3~ - 0'3~.S-0 W 'J IO~ G, ~
M- 1~.r 3 't.
S- o .! .tro -:> I <f- 0 3 :I S-V

-
-
'l b1~1J

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

('v1 ➔ 0.3.:lS-0
'u I OS" - 1 ,,_s-3 2.
N ➔ --, ,5.3.:2- ~ 10'.! (.P~

-- 2141:,,g

3 2.S- 0
27lf6S

~ t~ d._,;,, ±a,,,__ lo~ c,,~ 1

la 01 ie)
\.._:::_' 10

o"- N
=IV_s-_ 3oil~

I
I
I
Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
 ci1 Co~ r (51t.f. l.0)

~03 - I 0-2 - 5J~. 'l-0

lOc,o - O,o, -S-2)•do =-) !: 7lf. ?_,9

'--l g 1
- 3 s y

B"fic- '/'r ~ 1 (3ri.J,,., lJ 1.,-r"l.-N

(\ z. 2 Y)'\ =-- 0

tooo - I _ 3 5' 4-:.. 6 4 5

11 S 1
+ 6 '1 ~

Ci)t3 2-

~ -t- ©
(\ 3 3)t,,O

3. (J43~0- (3~.
8 1t 3 1 ,
- 0 o 3 9 ~ Cf i ( P ~

7i" - f frl_ N
4 0
LO - 'Yo - Oo39

I ooo o -1- Oo..39 =::l> 9q6 o

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App) I~

 t '4 3 l 7
+ 0, 9 6 o
(pg 3"1 I

c~

~) - {J)
H· \.s ,JO Jo

I
C,s Co~ 1 3 ➔
I o
{o - 10 - 2

Jo-J-.3::: 6

+,'1
{_2)
to

I
r .. (3o~ {I 4 41) ,,.,
lo

q~
I
Co~ i 14'11
lf "- r-l'YI_ N
4
L-o - 10°- /441

~ 5 5 l.
-t 2, 0 ~

S~ 6 I

Lj,a ~ ~ ·a ~ X-tduli

aio,J rr 9~ Lo~
tnaJ ~ .
6/; ·-Hu.. f W +'j JU..J ..,ff j_,. 'r
> Toy_ I - 8- & ~ I

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

'
I. r:,-:: ?( + ~ 2'

z z'
0
0

0
0

0
' c:::J

0
0
0

0
0

0 c::)
0 0

r 0 0
0

0 .()
0

f 1 0 ) •
0 C)

--D-F,

1
2.... J:., -=- x 1~ ' z. + -x' ~ z. --t- X:f

Br ir"'f1r~ I /J-,, 1 c,,,J:,., Lud .,, ~

"I... l!. ~ 3 Tu_ffi.!. 1• <3" J~
z. \

F.1.

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 C~ t•f r-i"
~,- ~
lu-<.J ~ b)
F). --

$1fb
n,u·cv'fYWIYYI
& ~ J B~
~ 1 ~-
r~ ;t. a.

(§ 1(~+ ~)

-
I

¥ ·1 SCf_;5\JST

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 @ ½ + 'l'z.-t- ~ -z... LI)

½ + x' -z_ + ~ c-x'-t,J

z_

+ -x!z+ ~z +x':1 z
~
'XL! -+ :-J z t x. z .,....J.,:} z..
1
~ ~
X 'j [! + zJ + :x.' z. [l+J]
~ +z':z.

@( A+B) (A+c) (B+ s)

(,; ·B) (A+c) Ca+0
@11~+ABC) S-+G
l
(§ e; c) (s+c.)
ABcB+~B~o
- ~

Pr B C

(D '/= A [ABC+ ~a{]

=- A [G;+~+c) +AB~
z R [i +c + s [ 1+A-c)]

= f) [fi + c -+ B (\i]
_ A A- +A[ -t- A-8

Ac+A-€

..J
-- Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
 1) -r QM) th,_ 1a:y l CA w.i± t" ; /~ 1-1 --,- " -r " Vo=' d

t, '/z
boJ.,; '-
~-r-13 +t:'
r
A-~

1.- . 'Y:::(Asc.)1>
A
B-
e..

3 . '{ ~ A-BC. +M C

A---,
B -... ~-
C

A
E>
C.

-::- A- i:\ ~ AB+°A- c + A B +e •B +c. c., -+ A. c. + B c+ c. c

_ AB +Ac+ A-\?>+ B-t-C +Ac+ Bc+c.

B [_B+A+1;} + G[f) + 1 + A+B+Q

l3 [ \ + \ + c] + C [ I J
:::: B [,J + c [, J

- B+c.
Availaible at1)..
VTU HUB (Android App)
:~
CBm1 ~~oL__ P+\Yl ~t. ~ E Cf., Sv:JT
I . x__ ~-z_ --t--?:-' j +~ ~ 2 . 'X '7... + "21 z. ::1

'Xj [ -z._-t- z.') + x_' ~ 7.. ( ~ 1)u~bv.k.t.~

I z ["X-+~] [x.+ :1]

~ +-x \::{
7. [1] ["t-+~]
~ [-i_+x']
(J)
7... [:t_+~
~

lb· )
3. j ( w z'-r w -z.) +~ Ol
I
b +a. C +CA
1
b C, J + o.
1
b 1
t:, cl' e_

= ~w (z: + z) +~ db [ \+c' ➔ c__J + c} J ieJ

~ _:jW (1) +~
;;:: UJ j --t- ½
::. ~ (_ w.-+ ~)

w 'X . "L --+ w X. • w + \A.)(:/ '1__ -+- tu w ~' -+- w x_ "X.. -+

1
'LL)~'
W 'X_ + t,,J ){_ -r ,
lA.l_~ "'(_ .+ W~
1
+ lJJ
£ o) + v j ~'
1
w -L [1 + \ + .:,' + 8 ] +v-t/
I

W-t.. (1) +wj'

w (-x_ +,:1')

6 · o.' b + o. 1b c 1 + d 6 c.. J + a' b c' d e.. 1

0: 6 [@@) 1 + G' +- C.o + e, cJ ' e.J I \

a1> Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

 ab c. [ a b + b c L 1 + c a c'.]
abc [ab+ o+l?]

a.be

t· y-;, A B+A- B
:J~ Ft (G .-} BJ

9. :J= a_b + a. L + b J + cd
!1 ~ a. Cb-t- l) + d Cb+ c.)
~ ~+ (b+0

) I b
::z be... +b -ho. -f- cc.a .+Q c°'

-::= bc+o'J,+cit..+a

:z c (a+b)+a'.h

::: 'be [~cf4ad+ad+aJJ

= b C Ca. [ d-td) + Q C-J+dD
- 12: [a. 1+0.,I]

-= b G [o:+cJ
:: 1 c (,] 1}r Ck;f ·'BI"', /J,.L.uaL- P~"',
Availaible at VTU HUB E({r S\Jl:7 App)
Dr. (Android J

2 bG
 12 , a b + etc. -t- ob c. ( ab + c.)
0b+ 5:7, -t 0.. h c a. b -+ a.b c.. c

ab+O::+-°L-+ °'~ b,c +°'b c.

ab+ ci -+ c -+a: . o - c +ab c

et. Cb + b c_) -+ a:- + c.

Q [b+b) (b+c) + <i+ Z

0. ( ,) [b+c_] +o. +G
ab+-~c. +a.+E
ci:: .+-Clb + o.C. + c..,
( a, +o) c,._ +b)~ (a. +c:) (c-1-c)
l L0..--+- b) + (a.+~) (1)

o+b+a+c
....
\ + b+ t = I
--.

13 , g, h..o-t-v -tkt I Pr B G + B+ BD -+ 8- B b + ~ C B -t- c

ABc + 13 + BD + fr B D + A C.

A--E>L-+ BQ+S+~J+A- C

fie ➔ f3+i1-C..
~[~B-+~]+B
G [ &t- Pr J CE> -+ AJ -t B
c, [, 1 [i + e;] + B
~c.+sc-+B
.___........--.
if C -t- 8 C -+ 'Pi) CC + B]
AC+ G-tB

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

L._
 14, ~+ A- C. IS, A-t-~~ + fre, G+~ C
A- ( I +c) = A-, \ ~ [I+ 13c+z:]1-A B
~ A
~ [,J + AB
A+ A ~ ~ D i.t -h,; bu:h.w. Jo.w
~
'-' . A+AB+Prgc
c~+~(A--t B)
A[,-+ Bcj +A- .B (,) (A-te,)
~ [1]+ ~ B ~+

fit.+°A] [t:+-t B]
\ . e_-r~ =- A -+B

,-, . ~c-+AE"
::w
Ac +A+c
&} [c+ iJ-;- G
~ (,] + t
-A+c
-
----,.

~ ..... .--
E+ c.. -+ B + c + fi · B, c
B-tc -+-B+c,.. A· s.c

B--t-B
-
+ ct-c + Pr if c...
l +I +fi€>C.

'2.o • A- t?>--t- 13 + e 12,

~
A'S -t-A- +i+e:
$f~ (A+B)-+~-t-B
l . (A+ B] +A + B
~+
I

A-ti:!. ~
\ Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)
 ®
Sri Sai Vidya Vikas Shikshana Samithi
SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Recognized by Govt.
of Karnataka.Accredited by NBA, New Delhi (CSE, ECE, ISE, MECH &
CIVIL), NAAC – “A” Grade
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
RAJANUKUNTE, BENGALURU – 560 064, KARNATAKA
Phone: 080-28468191/96/97/98 * E-mail: [email protected] * URL
www.saividya.ac.in

Course Name: Introduction to Course Code: AY:2022-2023

Electronics Engineering 22ESC143

Course Coordinator: Dr. Chaya B M Scheme: 2022 Batch: 2022

Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates

Axiomatic Definition of Boolean Algebra

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Two Valued Boolean Algebra

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Basic Theorems and Properties of Boolean Algebra

Proof of Theorems:

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

DeMorgan’s Theorem

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Operator Precedence:

Boolean Functions:

Truth Table

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Equivalent Logics

Algebraic Manipulation

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Minimization of Boolean Function

Complement of a Function

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Minterms and Maxterms

Canonical Form: Sum of Minterms

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Canonical Form: Product of Maxterms

Minterm Expansion

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Maxterm Expansion

Canonical Form Conversion

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Conversion Example

Standard Forms

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Non Standard Forms

Other Logic Operations

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Digital Logic Gates

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Extension to Multiple Inputs

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Multiple –input NOR/NAND

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Multiple –input XOR/XNOR

Combinational Logic:
A combinational Logic consists of input variables, logic gates and output variables. The logic
gates accepts signals from the inputs and generate signals to the outputs. This process
transforms binary information from the given input data to the required output data.

A block diagram of a combinational circuit is shown in the figure above. The n input binary
variables come from an eternal source, the m output variables go to an external destination.

For n input variables , there are 2𝑛 possible combinations of binary input values. For each
possible input combination, there is one and only one possible output combination. A
combinational circuit can be described by m Boolean functions, one for each output variable.
Each output function is expressed in terms of the n input variables.

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Design Procedure:

The design of combinational circuit starts from the verbal outline of a problem and ends in a
logic circuit diagram.

The procedure involves the following steps:

1. The problem is stated.

2. The number of available input variables and required output variables is determined.
3. The input and output variables are assigned letter symbols.
4. The truth table that defines the required relationships between inputs and outputs are
defined.
5. The simplified Boolean function for each output is obtained.
6. The logic diagram is drawn.

Adders

Digital computers perform a variety of information processing tasks. Among the basic
functions encountered are the various arithmetic operation.
The most common basic arithmetic operation is the addition of two binary digits.

Half Adder:
The half adder circuit has two inputs: A and B, which add two input digits and generates a carry
and a sum.
The Half Adder adds two binary digits where the input bits are termed as augend and addend
and the result will be two outputs one is the sum and the other is carry. To perform the sum
operation, XOR is applied to both the inputs, and AND gate is applied to both inputs to produce
carry.

The truth table is shown below:

The simplified sum of products expressions are:

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Various implementation of a half adder:

Full Adder:

A full adder is a combinational circuit that forms the arithmetic sum of the three input bits. It
consists of three inputs and two outputs.
The Truth Table of the full adder is as follows:

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

The implementation uses the following Boolean expressions:

First Form:

Second Form: The full adder Expression after reduction can also be written as:

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

Third Form: The full adder Expression can also be written as: (After reduction)

Design Full adder circuit using two Half adder and one OR gate.

Solution: Considering the Full adder expressions:

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)

A full adder can be implemented with two half adders and one OR gate as shown in the
figure. The S from the second half adder is the exclusive OR-gate of z and the output of the
first half adder giving:

Dr. Chaya.B.M, Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT, Bangalore

Availaible at VTU HUB (Android App)