Scribd
Upload
29 views13 pages

Project

Uploaded by

balajiaditya02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views13 pages

Project

Uploaded by

balajiaditya02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Coefficient Of Friction

Physics Project

B.Aditya
XI-A-01
INTRODUCTION:
The coefficient of friction, often denoted as "μ" (mu), is
a dimensionless number that quantifies the amount of
friction between two surfaces in contact. It describes
the relationship between the force of friction and the
force pressing the two surfaces together. The
coefficient of friction varies depending on the nature
of the materials in contact and the conditions under
which they interact.
There are two main types of coefficients of friction:

• Static Friction Coefficient (μs): This coefficient


represents the frictional force that opposes the
initiation of motion between two stationary
surfaces. In other words, it quantifies the
maximum force required to overcome the initial
resistance to motion. Once an object starts
moving, the static friction is no longer relevant,
and kinetic friction comes into play.
• Kinetic Friction Coefficient (μk): This coefficient
represents the frictional force that opposes the
motion of two surfaces sliding past each other. It
quantifies the force required to maintain a
constant velocity when there is relative motion
between the surfaces.
The equations for calculating the frictional force (F)
for both static and kinetic friction are as follows:

• For Static Friction: F_s = μs * N


• Where F_s is the static frictional force.
• μs is the coefficient of static friction.
• N is the normal force, which is the force pressing
the two surfaces together perpendicular to their
contact.
• For Kinetic Friction: F_k = μk * N
• Where F_k is the kinetic frictional force.
• μk is the coefficient of kinetic friction.
• N is the normal force.

The coefficient of friction depends on several factors,


including the nature of the materials in contact,
surface roughness, temperature, and the presence of
lubricants or other substances between the surfaces.
Different materials and conditions can have
significantly different friction coefficients. For
example, smooth, lubricated surfaces generally have
lower coefficients of friction than rough, dry surfaces.
Understanding the coefficient of friction is essential in
various fields, including physics, engineering, and
everyday life, as it helps in predicting and controlling
the behavior of objects in contact and the efficiency of
mechanical systems. It is also crucial for designing
brakes, tires, conveyor belts, and many other
applications where friction plays a significant role.

EXPERIMENT:
AIM: To study the relationship between
force of limiting friction and normal reaction
and to find the coefficient of friction between a
block and a horizontal surface.

APPARATUS:
1. Wooden block
2. 50g or 20g weights
3. Horizontal plane fitted with frictionless
pulley at one end
4. Pan
5. Spring balance
6. Thread
7. Spirit level
THEORY:
What is sliding friction?
Sliding friction is known as the friction between
two surfaces when the bodies are sliding over
them. It is also known as kinetic friction.
Examples of sliding friction are as follows:
• To create heat, both the hands are rubbed
together.
• Skis sliding against the snow.
• Sliding of a block across the floor.
What is force of sliding friction?
Force of sliding friction is the least force
required to make a body slide over the
surface.
Force of friction,
�∝�
�=��
Where,
• μ is the coefficient of friction
• R is the normal reaction
• F is the force of sliding
At equilibrium,
F=P+p
R=W+w

PROCEDURE:
1.Check that the pulley is free of friction and
also clean the tabletop.
2. Before putting the block on the tabletop,
weigh the block.
3. Pass over the block on to the pulley by
tieing one end of the thread on the hook of
the wooden block.
4. Find the weight of the pan.
5. The pan should be tied to the free end of
the thread and left hanging vertically.
6. Put some weights on the pan to pull the
block easily.
7. To make the block slide, start tapping the
tabletop.
8. Continue tapping by adding the weights
little by little.
9. Record the total weights in the pan in the
observation table.
10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 by adding one
50g or 20g weight on the wooden block.
11.Every time the weight is increased by 50g
or 20, repeat steps 8, 9, and 10 six times.
12. Record the observations as given
below.

OBSERVATION:
Weight of wooden block, W = ……g wt
Weight of pan, P = ……g wt
Table for additional weights:
S.NO Weight on the Total Weight on the Total weight
wooden weight(W+w)= pan (p) in g wt pulling the
block(w) in g normal block and
wt reaction in g weights
wt (P+p)=limiting
friction (F) in g
wt
1.
2.
3.
4.

GRAPH:
RESULT:
It is found that as the total weight pulled increases,
the force of limiting friction also increases. The
increase is in direct proportion.
The graph shows that limiting friction F is directly
proportional to the normal reaction R. it is an
agreement with the law of limiting friction.
The constant ratio of FIR is called the coefficient of
friction (p). It can be calculated by finding the slope
of the graph.
In ΔABC,
Slope of straight line AB = tan Ө =
BC/AC=F/R=150-50/300-100
tan Ө =
F/R=0.5
But,
F=µR
F/R=µ
Tan theta=µ
0.5=µ

PRECAUTIONS:
1.The table-top should be horizontal.
2.The thread between block and pulley should be
horizontal.
3.The pan should not oscillate or rotate and the weight
should be added in small quantities.
4.The tapping of the tabletop should be done gently.
5.The frictionless pulley should be used.

SOURES OF ERROR:
1.The tabletop is not horizontal.
2.The thread between block and pulley may not be
horizontal.
3.The frictionless pulley is not used.

USES OF COEFFICIENT OF
FRICTION:
1.Automotive Industry

2. Engineering and Construction

3. Machinery and Manufacturing

4. Aerospace Industry

5. Sports and Recreation

6. Safety and Ergonomics

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1.https://byjus.com/physics/to-study-the-relationship-between-
force-of-limiting-friction-and-normal-reaction-and-to-fill-the-
coefficient-of-friction-between-a-block-and-a-horizontal-
surface/
2.CHATGPT

You might also like