1

Trigonometry

Trigonometry

A. Some useful formulas on Trigonometry

1. sin (− ) = − sin , cos(− ) = cos , tan (− ) = − tan 

2. ( ) ( ) (
sin 900 −  = cos , cos 900 −  = sin , tan 900 −  = cot )
3. sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

4. sin (A − B ) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B

5. cos (A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B

6. cos (A − B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B

7. sin (A + B) sin( A − B) = sin 2 A − sin 2 B

8. cos (A + B) cos (A − B) = cos 2 A − sin 2 B

tan A + tan B
9. tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A tan B

tan A − tan B
10. tan (A − B) =
1 + tan A tan B

tan A + tan B + tan C − tan A tan B tan C

11. tan (A + B + C) =
1 − tan A tan B − tan B tan C − tan C tan A

12. − a2 +b 2
 a cos + b sin   a2 + b2

13. 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A − B)

14. 2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) − sin (A − B)

15. 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A − B)

16. 2 sin A sin B = cos (A − B) − cos(A + B)

C+D C−D
17. sin C + sin D = 2 sin cos
2 2
C+D C−D
18. sin C − sin D = 2 cos sin
2 2
C+D C− D
19. cos C + cos D = 2 cos cos
2 2
D+C D−C
20. cos C − cos D = 2 sin sin
2 2
2 tan 
21. sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  =
1 + tan 2 

1 − tan 2 
22. cos 2 = cos 2  − sin 2  = 2 cos 2  − 1 = 1 − 2 sin 2  =
1 + tan 2 

23. 1 + cos 2 = 2 cos 2 

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24. 1 − cos 2 = 2 sin 2 

1 − cos 2 1 + cos 2
25. tan 2  = , cot 2  =
1 + cos 2 1 − cos 2

2 tan 
26. tan 2 =
1 − tan 2 

27. sin 3  = 3 sin  − 4 sin 3 

28. cos 3  = 4 cos 3  − 3 cos 

3 tan  − tan 3 
29. tan 3 =
1 − 3 tan 2 

30. sin  = sin    = n + (− 1)n 

31. cos  = cos    = 2n  

32. tan  = tan    = n + 

33. If sin  = x, then  = sin −1 x and conversely if  = sin −1 x , then sin  = x , etc .

34. ( ) ( ) (
sin sin −1 x = x ; cos cos −1 x = x ; tan tan −1 x = x ; etc . )
35. sin −1 (sin ) =  ; cos −1 (cos ) =  ; tan −1 (tan ) =  ; etc.

36. sin −1 ( − x ) = − sin −1 x ; cos −1(− x ) =  − cos −1 x ; tan −1 (− x ) = − tan −1 x

−1   
37. sin x + cos −1 x = ; tan −1 x + cot −1 x = ; sec −1 x + cos ec −1 x =
2 2 2
x+y
38. tan −1 x + tan −1 y = tan −1  x  0, y  0 and xy  1 
1− xy
x− y
39. tan −1 x − tan −1 y = tan −1
1+ xy

40. 
sin −1 x + sin −1 y = sin −1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1− x 2 
41. sin −1 x − sin −1 y = sin −1 x 1 − y 2 − y 1− x 2 
42. 
cos −1 x + cos −1 y = cos −1 xy − 1 − x 2 1− y 2 
43. cos −1 x − cos −1 y = cos xy +−1
1 − x 2 1− y 2 
44. 2 sin −1 x = sin −1 2x 1 − x  2

45. (
2 cos −1 x = cos −1 2 x 2 − 1 )
−1 1 − x
2
2x 2x
46. 2 tan −1 x = sin −1 = cos = tan −1
1+ x 2
1+ x 2
1− x 2

x + y + z − xyz
47. tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z = tan −1
1− xy − yz − zx

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B. Short answer type questions at a glance

1. If tanx tan3x = 1, find tan2x.
2. Find the value of cos10 cos20 cos30 ........................ cos1790.
3. Find the value of tan10 tan20 tan30 ........................ tan890.

4. If 10 = , prove that tan3 tan 5 tan7 = 1.
2
1
5. tanθ = − and sinθ is negative , then the value of cosθ is
5
1 1 5 5
a) − b) c)   d) -  
6 2 6 6

3 5 7
6. Prove that tan tan tan = 1.
20 20 20
7. If A, B, C, D are the four angles of a quadrilateral, prove that sin (A + B) + sin (C + D) = 0.
 3 5 7
8. Find the values of sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2 .
4 4 4 4
sin(− ) − cos (− )
9. If 4 = 11, find the value of .
sec  + tan(− )
5 6 tan  + 5cos 
10. If  lies in the fourth quadrant and sec  = , find the value of .
3 5cot  + cos ec 
11. Find the value of sin3x cosecx – cos3x secx
12. Find the value of cos 75 0 − cos15 0 .
1 1
13. If tan( + ) = and tan( − ) = , then find the values of tan 2 and tan 2 .
2 3
14. If secA – tanA = p, then find sinA.
15. If (1 – tanA)(1 – tanB) = 2, find the value of (A + B).

16. The least value of sin2θ + cos 2θ is a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) 2.5

1
17. If cos 2 = − , then find the value of cos .
2

18. The minimum value of 16 cos 2  + 9sce2 is a) 20 b) 22 c) 24 d) none

1 3
19. The value of − is a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
sin10 cos 100
0

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20. If p cos  − q sin  + r = 0 , then the value of p sin  + q cos  in terms of p, q, r is

a)  (p2 +q2 + r2 ) b)  (p2 +q2 − r2 ) c)  (p2 −q2 + r2 ) d) none.

21. If sec  + cos  = 3 , then the value of sec 3  + cos 3  is

a) 0 b) 2 c) -1 d) 3

22. If cos  + sin  = 2 , then find the value of sin2 .

1
23. If tan  = − ,  lies in the 4th quadrant, find cos .
3
24. Find the maximum value of sin + cos .

25. Find the value of sin150 sin750 .

3 
26. If sin2 = and 0    , find tan  .
5 4
(
27. Find the value of 6 cos 40 0 − 8 cos 3 40 0 . )
28. If sin + cos  = 2 sin, prove that tan2 = − 1

 −1 −1 1
29. sintan x + tan
 x 

 −1 1 
30. sin  cos 
 2
(
31. sin cot −1 x )
  1 
32. sin cos −1  −  
  2 

33. tan−1 1 + tan−1 2 + tan−1 3

( )
34. sec 2 tan −1 2 + cos ec 2 cot −1 3 ( )
35. tan (cot x ) + cot (tan x )
−1 −1

1 1  
36. tan−1 + tan−1 = a)  b) c) d) none.
3 2 2 4

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C. Solution of some Short questions

1. If tanx tan3x = 1, find tan2x.

1
Solution : tanx tan3x = 1 or, tanx = = cot 3x
tan3x

    
or, tanx = tan − 3x  or, x = − 3x or, 4x = or, 2x =
2  2 2 4


 tan2x = tan = 1 Ans.
4

2. Find the value of cos10 cos20 cos30 ........................ cos1790.

Solution : cos10 cos20 cos30 ........................ cos1790

= cos10 cos20 cos30 ........cos900................ cos1790 = 0 [ as cos900 = 0 ]

3. Find the value of tan10 tan20 tan30 ........................ tan890.

Solution : tan10 tan20 tan30 ........................ tan890

= tan10 tan20 tan30 .......tan450................. tan880tan890

= (tan10 tan890) (tan20 tan880) (tan30 tan870)……..tan450

= (tan10 cot10) (tan20 cot20) (tan30 cot30)……..tan450 = 1 Ans.


4. If 10 = , prove that tan3 tan 5 tan7 = 1.
2

  
Solution : 10 =  5 = and 7 = − 3
2 4 2

  
LHS = tan3 tan5 tan7 = tan3 tan tan − 3  = tan3 cot3 = 1 = RHS.
4 2 

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1
5. tanθ = − and sinθ is negative , then the value of cosθ is
5

1 1 5 5
a) − b) c)   d) -  
6 2 6 6

Solution :
tan and sin are both negative,  lies

in 4th quadrant. i.e. cos is positive and

1 6
5
cos =   Ans.
6

3 5 7
6. Prove that tan tan tan = 1.
20 20 20

Solution : Do yourself

7. If A, B, C, D are the four angles of a quadrilateral, prove that sin (A + B) + sin (C + D) = 0.

Solution : A + B + C + D = 360 0 or, (A + B) = 360 0 - ( C + D)

LHS = sin (A + B) + sin (C + D) = sin[ 360 0 - ( C + D)] + sin (C + D) = sin (C + D) - sin (C + D) = 0 = RHS.

 3 5 7
8. Find the values of sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2 .
4 4 4 4

 3 5 7
Solution : sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2
4 4 4 4

   3  5   7 
= sin
2
+ cos 2  −  + sin2 + cos 2  − 
4 2 4  4 2 4 

  5 5
= sin
2
+ cos 2 + sin2 + cos 2 = 1 + 1 = 2 Ans.
4 4 4 4

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sin(− ) − cos (− )
9. If 4 = 11, find the value of .
sec  + tan(− )

0
Solution : 4 = 11   = 495

(
sin(− ) − cos (− ) − (sin  + cos  ) − sin 4950 + cos 4950
= =
)
sec  + tan(− ) sec  + tan(−  ) sec  + tan(− )

(
− cos 450 − sin 450
=0
) sin4950
( ) 
= sin 900  5 + 450 = cos 450 and
sec  + tan(− )

cos 4950 = cos(900  5 + 450 )= −sin450 

5 6 tan  + 5cos 
10. If  lies in the fourth quadrant and sec  = , find the value of .
3 5cot  + cos ec 

Solution :
 4 3
6   −  + 5
6 tan  + 5 cos   3 5
= =1
5 cot  + cos ec   3 5
5  −  −
 4 4

Since  lies in the fourth quadrant.

11. Find the value of sin3x cosecx – cos3x secx

sin3x cos 3x sin3x cos x − cos 3x sinx

Solution : sin3x cose cx – cos3x secx = − =
sinx cos x sinx cos x

2 sin(3x − x ) 2 sin2x
= = =2
2 sinx cos x sin2x

12. Find the value of cos 75 0 − cos15 0 .

Solution : cos 75 0 − cos15 0 = 2 sin

750 + 150 150 − 750
2
sin
2
(
= 2 sin450 sin − 300 )
1 1 1
= − 2  =− Ans.
2 2 2
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1 1
13. If tan( + ) = and tan( − ) = , then find the values of tan2 and tan2 .
2 3

Solution : tan2 = tan( + ) + ( − )

1 1
+ 5
tan( + ) + tan( − ) 2 3
= = 6 = 1 Ans.
1 − tan( + )tan( − ) 1 − 1  1 5
6
2 3

tan2 = tan( + ) − ( − ) --------etc…….. Do yourself.

14. If secA – tanA = p, then find sinA.

Solution : Do yourself

15. If (1 – tanA)(1 – tanB) = 2, find the value of (A + B).

Solution : (1 – tanA)(1 – tanB) = 2 or, 1 – tanB – tanA + tanAtanB = 2

or, – tanB – tanA + tanAtanB = 1, or, – (tanB + tanA) = 1 – tanAtanB

tan A + tanB
or, = −1 or, tan(A + B) = tan1350 .
1 − tan A tanB

 A + B = 1350 Ans.

16. The least value of sin2θ + cos 2θ is a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) 2.5

Solution : sin2θ + cos 2θ = sin2θ + 1 − sin2θ = 1 Ans. a) 1

1
17. If cos 2 = − , then find the value of cos .
2

1
Solution : cos 2 = − = cos 1200 or, 2 = 1200 or,  = 60 0
2

1
cos  = cos 600 =
2

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18. The minimum value of 16 cos 2  + 9sce2 is a) 20 b) 22 c) 24 d) none

Solution : 16 cos 2  + 9sce2  = (4 cos  − 3sec )2 + 2(4 cos )(3sec )

= (4 cos  − 3sec )2 + 24 = minimum when 4 cos − 3sec = 0

 The minimum value of 16 cos 2  + 9sce2 is 24. Ans. c) 24

1 3
19. The value of − is a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
sin100 cos 100

1 3
0 cos 100 −
0 sin100
1 3 cos 10 − 3 sin10
Solution : − =
0 0
=2 2
sin10 0
cos 10 0
sin10 cos 10 0
sin10 cos 100
2

=
(
2  2 sin300 cos 100 − cos 300 sin100 ) = 4 sin(300 − 100 ) = 4 sin200 = 4 Ans.
2sin100 cos 100 sin200 sin200

20. If p cos  − q sin  + r = 0 , then the value of p sin + qcos  in terms of p, q, r is

a)  (p2 +q2 + r2 ) b)  (p2 +q2 − r2 ) c)  (p2 −q2 + r2 ) d) none.

Solution : p cos  − qsin + r = 0 or, (p cos  − q sin )2 = r 2

p2 cos 2  + q2 sin2  − 2pqcos  sin = r2

( ) ( )
p2 1 − sin2  + q2 1 − cos 2  − 2pqcos sin = r2

p2 − p2 sin2  + q2 − q2 cos 2  − 2pqcos  sin = r2

p2 + q2 − r2 = p2 sin2  + q2 cos 2  + 2pqcos sin

 (p sin + qcos )2 = p2 + q2 − r2 i.e. p sin + qcos  =  p2 +q2 − r2 ( )

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21. If sec  + cos  = 3 , then the value of sec 3  + cos 3  is

a) 0 b) 2 c) -1 d) 3

Solution : Do yourself.

22. If cos  + sin  = 2 , then find the value of sin2 .

Solution : cos  + sin = 2 or, (cos  + sin)2 = 2

or, cos 2  + sin2  + 2 cos  sin = 2 or, 1 + sin2 = 2  sin2 = 1 Ans.

1
23. If tan  = − ,  lies in the 4th quadrant, find cos .
3

Solution : Do yourself.

24. Find the maximum value of sin + cos .

Solution : sin + cos =

 1
2
 2
sin +
1
2


(
cos   = 2 sin450 sin + cos 450 cos  )
or, ( )
sin + cos = 2 cos  − 450 = maximum if cos  − 450 = 1 ( )
 the maximum value of sin + cos = 2 Ans.

25. Find the value of sin150 sin750 .

Solution : sin150 sin750 =

1
2
(
2 sin750 sin150 )
=
1
2
 ( ) ( 1
) ( 11  1
cos 750 − 150 − cos 750 + 150 = cos 600 − cos 900 =  − 0  = Ans.
2 22  4
)
3 
26. If sin2 = and 0    , find tan  .
5 4

3 2 tan  3
Solution : sin2 = or, 2
=
5 1 + tan  5
2
or, 3 tan  − 10 tan  + 3 = 0 or , 3 tan2  − 9 tan  − tan  + 3 = 0
1
or, (3 tan − 1)(tan − 3) = 0 or, tan  = , tan  = 3
3
 1
Since 0    , tan  = Ans.
4 3

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(
27. Find the value of 6 cos 40 0 − 8 cos 3 40 0 . )
(
Solution : 6 cos 400 − 8 cos 3 400 = −2 4 cos 3 400 − 3cos 400 = −2 cos 3  400 ) ( )
 1
= (− 2)   −  =1
 2
28. If sin + cos  = 2 sin, prove that tan2 = − 1

Solution : sin + cos  = 2 sin or, cos  = ( )

2 − 1 sin
1 2 +1
or, tan  = == = 2 +1
2 −1 )( ) ( 2 +1 2 −1
2 tan  2( 2 + 1) 2( 2 + 1) 2( 2 + 1)
Now tan 2 = = = = = −1 Ans.
1 − tan2  1 − ( 2 + 1)2 1 − (2 + 1 + 2 2 ) − 2( 2 + 1)

 −1 1
29. Evaluate sin tan
x + tan−1 
x
 −1
Solution : sintan x + tan

−1 1 
x 
= sin tan −1
x + cot−1
x = sin

2
= 1 Ans. 
 −1 1 
30. Evaluate sin  cos 
 2

Solution : sin  cos



−1 1   −1 1 
 = sin  cos
2  2
−1
( 0 0
(
 = sin cos cos 60 = sin60 =
2
3
))
(
31. Evaluate sin cot −1 x )
−1 1
Solution : Let cot x =   cot  = x or, sin =
x2 + 1

( )
 sin cot −1 x = sin =
1
x2 + 1
  1 
32. Evaluate sin cos −1  −  
  2 

  1  ( ( ))
Solution : sin cos −1  −   = sin cos −1 cos 1200 = sin1200 = cos 300 =
 2 
3
 2

33. Evaluate tan−1 1 + tan−1 2 + tan−1 3

Solution : Do yourself

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( ) (
34. Evaluate sec 2 tan −1 2 + cos ec 2 cot −1 3 )
Solution : Let tan−1 2 =   tan  = 2 and cot −1 3 =   cot  = 3

( ) ( )
Now sec 2 tan−1 2 + cos ec 2 cot −1 3 = sec 2  + cos ec 2 

= 1 + tan2  + 1 + cot 2  = 1 + 22 + 1 + 32 = 15 Ans.

35. Evaluate tan (cot x ) + cot (tan x )

−1 −1

   
Solution : tan (cot x ) + cot (tan x ) = tan tan
−1 −1 −1
− x  + cot −1 cot  − x 
2  2 
 
= − x + − x =  − 2x
2 2
1 1  
36. The value of tan−1 + tan−1 = a)  b) c) d) none.
3 2 2 4
 1 1 
 + 
−1 1 −1 1 −1  2 3    
Solution : tan + tan = tan = tan−1 1 = tan−1  tan  = Ans.
3 2 1− 11   4 4
 
 2 3 

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D. Long Answer Type Questions at a glance :

1. If A, B, C, D are the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral, show that cosA + cosB + cosC + cosD = 0.

 3 5 7
2. Prove that cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 2.
8 8 8 8

3. If Vn = sinn  + cos n  , prove that 6V4 − 4 V6 is independen t of .

4. If sin4 x + sin2 x = 1, prove that cot 4 x + cot 2 x = 1.

0 tan 1550 − tan 1150

1 − x2
5. If tan 25 = x , show that = .
1 + tan 1550 tan 1150 2x

sin2 k k2
If tank = k tan , prove that =
6.
sin2  ( )
1 + k 2 − 1 sin2 
.

7. If cosA + sinA = 2 cosA, prove that cosA - sinA = 2 sinA

0 0
cos10 − sin 10 0
8. Show that 0 0
= tan 35 .
cos10 + sin 10

 2   2 
9. Prove that sin +   − sin −   + sin = 0.
 3   3 
0 0 0 0
10. Prove that tan 35 + tan 10 + tan 35 tan 10 = 1

0 0 0
11. Prove that tan 70 = 2 tan 50 + tan 20 .

0
12. Prove that sin 16 + cos16 =
0 1
2
(sin 1 0
+ 3 cos1 .
0
)
13. If cos(x – y) = -1, show that cosx + cosy = sinx + siny = 0.

3
14. If cos(A – B) + cos(B – C) + cos(C – A) = − , show that cosA + cosB + cosC = 0 = sinA + sinB + sinC.
2

 10 
15. If A + B = 45 , prove that (1 + tanA)(1 + tanB) = 2. Hence show that tan  22  =
0
2 − 1.
 2 

0 0 0 0 0 0 3
16. Prove that sin 10 sin 50 + sin 50 sin 250 + sin 250 sin 10 = − .
4

GH(Mathematics)
 14
Trigonometry

A + B
17. If cos ecA + sec A = cos ecB + sec B, show that tan A tanB = cot .
 2 

A −B m −1 A +B
18. If sinA = msinB, show that tan = tan .
 2  m+1  2 

19. Show that if an angle  be divided into two parts so that the ratio of the tangents of the parts is
 −1
, the difference x between the parts is given by the equation sinx = sin.
 +1

1
20. Prove that cos 200 cos 400 cos 600 cos 800 = .
16

( )
21. Prove that cos 2 A − 1200 + cos 2 A + cos 2 A + 1200 = ( ) 3
2
.

1
22. Prove that 0
− 2 sin700 = 1 .
2 sin10

1 3
23. Prove that 0
- = 2.
2 sin10 2 cos 10 0

24. If A + B + C =  and cosA = cosB.cosC, prove that a) 2cotB cotC = 1

b) tanA = tanB + tanC.

sin2
25. If tan( − ) = , prove that tan  : tan = 3 : 2 .
5 − cos 2

sin2
26. If 2 tan = 3tan, prove that tan( − ) = .
5 − cos 2

3 sin2
27. tan  : tan  = 1 : 4 , prove that tan( −  ) = .
5 − 3 cos 2

 −  4 − a2 − b2
28. If sin + sin = a, cos  + cos  = b, prove that tan  =  .
 2  a2 + b2

29. If sin sin − cos cos + 1 = 0, prove that 1 + cot. tan = 0.

30. Prove that sin19 0 + sin 410 + sin830 = sin230 + sin370 + sin79 0 .

GH(Mathematics)
 15
Trigonometry

1+n
31. If sin  = nsin( + 2 ), show that tan( +  ) = tan  .
1−n

nsin cos 
32. If tan = , prove that tan( − ) = (1 − n)tan .
1 − nsin2 

a cos  +
33. If = , prove that a tan  + b tan  = (a + b)tan .
b cos  2

( ) ( )
34. If a cos  = b cos  + 1200 = c cos  + 2400 , prove that ab + bc + ca = 0.

1 
35. Prove that sin sin3 sin5 = , where  = .
8 14

3cos 2 − 1
36. If cos 2 = , prove that tan  = 2 tan .
3 − cos 2

 
37. If tan = tan3 and tan  = 2 tan  , prove that  +  = 2 .
2 2

 1−e  cos  − e
38. If tan = tan , prove that cos  = .
2 1+e 2 1 − e cos 

 
39. Prove that sec  + tan  = tan + .
4 2

40. Evaluate sec 80 0 − 3 cos ec 80 0 .

 
41. If tan  = n(sec  − 1)2 , prove that cot 3 − cot = 2n .
2 2

42. If sin + sin = 3 (cos  − cos  ), prove that sin3 + sin3 = 0.

1 1 
43. If tan  = and tan = , prove that  + 2 = .
7 3 4

44. If tan2  = 1 + 2 tan2 , prove that cos 2 = 1 + 2 cos 2 .

sin
45. If k sin( + ) = sin , prove that tan( + ) = .
cos  − k

GH(Mathematics)
 16
Trigonometry

tan( − ) sin2 
46. If + 2 = 1, prove that tan2  = tan tan
tan sin 

47. Solve the following equations for 0    2 , 0  x  2 .

i) sin − 3 cos  = 1

ii) 3 cos x + sinx = 1

iii) sin + sin5 = sin3

iv) sin + 3 cos  = 2

v) tan + tan2 + tan tan2 = 1

vi) sin3  + cos 3  = 0

3
vii) cos 3  sin3 + sin3  cos 3 =
4
viii) 1 − 2cos − 2sin + cot = 0
ix) tanx + tan2x + tan3x = tanx tan2x tan3x

x) cos 3 x − cos x sinx − sin3 x = 1

1
xi) 2 sin + 5cos  = 2 , where tan68012 = 2
2
(
xii) 3 tan  − 150 = tan  + 150 ) ( )
   
xiii) tan +   + tan −   = 4
4  4 

(
xiv) tan2  − 1 + 3 tan  + 3 = 0 )
xv) cos3x + cos2x + cosx = 0

1  
Solve tan  sec x  + cot (2 cos x ) =
−1 −1
48.
2  3

−1 x −1 y x 2 2xy y2
49. If cos + cos =  , prove that 2 − cos  + 2 = sin2  .
a b a ab b

 1   1 
 = tan −1   , x + y + 2a  0.
1
50. If xy = 1 + a2 , prove that tan −1   + tan −1 
a + x a + y a

GH(Mathematics)
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Trigonometry
−1 −1 −1 2 2 2
51. If cos x + cos y + cos z = , prove that x + y + z + 2xyz = 1 .

−1 −1
52. If two angles of a triangle are tan 2 and tan 3 , find the third angle.


53. If tan−1 x + tan−1 y + tan−1 z = , prove that xy + yz + zx = 1
2
−1 −1 −1
54. If tan x + tan y + tan z = , prove that x + y + z = xyz

55. ( −1
) −1
Solve : tan cos x = sin tan 2( )
 x − 1  x + 1 
56. Solve tan −1   + tan −1   =
x − 2 x + 2 4
57. ( ) (
Prove that tan tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z = cot cot −1 x + cot −1 y + cot −1 z )
5 12 
58. Solve sin−1 + sin−1 =
x x 2
1
−1 −1  x2 + 1  2
59. Prove that cos tan sincot x =  2  .
x + 2
 
4 12 56
60. Prove that tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1 = .
3 5 33
 2
61. Solve : cos −1 x − cos −1 y = ; sin−1 x + sin−1 y =
3 3

GH(Mathematics)
 18
Trigonometry

E. Solution of some Long Questions :

1. If A, B, C, D are the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral, show that cosA + cosB + cosC + cosD = 0.

Solution : Since A, B, C, D are the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral, A + C = B + D = 1800.

LHS = cosA + cosB + cosC + cosD = cosA + cosB + cos(1800 – A) + cos9(1800 – B)

= cosA + cosB - cosA – cosB = 0 = RHS.

 3 5 7
2. Prove that cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 2.
8 8 8 8

Solution : Do yourself.

3. If Vn = sinn  + cos n  , prove that 6V4 − 4 V6 is independen t of .

( ) (
Solution : 6V4 − 4 V6 = 6 sin4  + cos 4  − 4 sin6  + cos 6  )


( ) 2 2 2
 
(
= 6  sin  + cos  − 2 sin  cos   − 4  sin  + cos  − 3sin  cos  sin  + cos  
2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
) ( )

( ) ( )
= 6 1 − 2 sin2  cos 2  − 4 1 − 3sin2  cos 2  = 2 = Independent of  .

4. If sin4 x + sin2 x = 1, prove that cot 4 x + cot 2 x = 1.

Solution : sin4 x + sin2 x = 1  sin4 x = 1 − sin2 x = cos 2 x

cos 4 x cos 2 x cos 4 x sin4 x

LHS = cot 4 x + cot 2 x = + = + = cos 2 x + sin2 x = 1 = RHS.
4 2 2 2
sin x sin x cos x sin x

GH(Mathematics)
 19
Trigonometry

0 tan 1550 − tan 1150

1 − x2
5. If tan 25 = x , show that = .
1 + tan 1550 tan 1150 2x

Solution : (
tan1550 = tan 900  2 − 250 = − tan250 = −x )
and
0 0
( 0
tan1150 = tan 90 + 25 = − cot 25 = − ) 1
tan25 0
=−
1
x

 1 1
−x −−  −x
0
tan155 − tan115  x
0
x 1 − x2
LHS = = = = = RHS
1 + tan1550 tan1150 1 + (− x ) − 1  2 2x
 
 x

sin2 k k2
If tank = k tan , prove that =
( )
6. .
sin2  1 + k 2 − 1 sin2 

sink sin cos 2 k cos 2 

Solution : tank = k tan  =k  =
cos k cos  sin2 k k 2 sin2 

2 2
or, cos k + 1 = cos  + 1 cos 2 k + sin2 k cos 2  + k 2 sin2 
2 2 2
or , =
sin k k sin  sin2 k k 2 sin2 

or, 1 1 − sin2  + k 2 sin2  sin2 k k2

= or , =
sin2 k k 2 sin2  sin2  1 − sin2  + k 2 sin2 

sin2 k k2
=
( )
or, proved.
sin2  1 + k 2 − 1 sin2 

7. If cosA + sinA = 2 cosA, prove that cosA - sinA = 2 sinA

Solution : Do yourself

GH(Mathematics)
 20
Trigonometry

0 0
cos10 − sin 10 0
8. Show that 0 0
= tan 35 .
cos10 + sin 10

1 1
0 0 cos 100 − sin10 0
Solution : cos 10 − sin10 2 2 sin 450 cos 100 − cos 450 sin10 0
= =
cos 10 0 + sin10 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
cos 10 0 + sin10 0 cos 45 cos 10 + sin 45 sin10
2 2

(
sin 450 − 100 ) = sin350 = tan350 = RHS.
cos (450 − 100 ) cos 350
=

 2   2 
9. Prove that sin +   − sin −   + sin = 0.
 3   3 

Solution : Do yourself.

0 0 0 0
10. Prove that tan 35 + tan 10 + tan 35 tan 10 = 1

0
Now, tan45 = tan 35 + 10( 0 0
)= 1 − tan350 tan100
tan350 + tan100
or , 1 =
tan350 + tan100
1 − tan350 tan100

or, 1 − tan350 tan100 = tan350 + tan100 ,  tan 35 + tan 10 + tan 35 tan 10 = 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 0
11. Prove that tan 70 = 2 tan 50 + tan 20 .

(
Solution : tan 70 0 = tan 50 0 + 20 0 = ) tan 50 0 + tan 20 0
1 − tan 50 0 tan 20 0

tan 700 tan 500 + tan200

or, = 0 0
 tan 700 − tan 700 tan 500 tan200 = tan 500 + tan200
1 1 − tan 50 tan20

or, tan 700 − cot 200 tan 500 tan 200 = tan 500 + tan 200

or, tan 700 − tan 500 = tan 500 + tan 200

Therefore, tan700 = 2 tan 500 + tan200 Proved.

GH(Mathematics)
 21
Trigonometry

0
12. Prove that sin 16 + cos16 =
0 1
2
(sin 1 0 0
+ 3 cos1 . )

Solution : LHS = sin160 + cos 160

=
 1
2
 2
sin160 +
1
2

(
cos 160  = 2 sin 450 sin160 + cos 450 cos 160

)
= ( )
2 cos 450 − 160 = 2 cos 290 = 2 cos 300 − 10 ( )
= ( )
 3
2 cos 300 cos 10 + sin300 sin10 = 2 
1 
cos 10 + sin10 
 2 2 

=
2
2
( 3 cos 10 + sin10 ) = 12 (sin10 + )
3 cos 10 = RHS.

13. If cos(x – y) = -1, show that cosx + cosy = sinx + siny = 0.

Solution : cos(x – y) = -1 or, cosxcosy + sinxsiny = -1

or, 2cosxcosy + 2sinxsiny = - 2 or, 2cosxcosy + 2sinxsiny + 2 = 0

or, 2 cos x cos y + 2 sinsin y + cos 2 x + sin2 x + cos 2 y + sin2 y = 0

( )(
or, cos 2 x + 2 cos x cos y + cos 2 y + sin2 x + 2 sinsin y + sin2 y = 0 )
or, (cos x + cos y )2 + (sin x + sin y )2 = 0  cosx + cosy = sinx + siny = 0.

3
14. If cos(A – B) + cos(B – C) + cos(C – A) = − , show that cosA + cosB + cosC = 0 = sinA + sinB + sinC.
2

Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)
 22
Trigonometry
 10 
15. If A + B = 45 , prove that (1 + tanA)(1 + tanB) = 2. Hence show that tan  22  =
0
2 − 1.
 2 
tan A + tanB
Solution : A + B = 45
0
or , tan(A + B) = tan 450 or , =1
1 − tan A tanB
or, tanA + tanB = 1 − tanA tanB or, tanA + tanB + tanA tanB = 1

or, 1 + tanA + tanB + tanA tanB = 1 + 1 = 2

or, (1 + tanA) + tanB(1 + tanA) = 2

or, (1 + tanA)(1 + tanB) = 2 ………..(i)

0
Putting A = B = 22 1 in (i) we get
2
2
 0  0  10 
 1 + tan 22 1   1 + tan 22 1  = 2 or ,  1 + tan 22  = 2
 2   2  2 
 

10 10
or , 1 + tan 22 = 2 or , tan 22 =  2 −1
2 2
10 10
But tan 22  − 2 −1 ,  tan 22 = 2 −1
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 3
16. Prove that sin 10 sin 50 + sin 50 sin 250 + sin 250 sin 10 = − .
4

(
Solution : sin2500 = sin 900  2 + 700 = − sin700 )
LHS = sin100 sin 500 + sin 500 sin2500 + sin2500 sin100

=
1
2
(2 sin100 sin 500 − 2 sin 500 sin 700 − 2 sin 700 sin100 )
 ( ) ( )  ( ) ( )  (
= 1 cos 100 − 500 − cos 100 + 500 − cos 500 − 700 − cos 500 + 700 − cos 700 − 100 − cos 700 + 100
2
) ( )
=
1
2
    
cos 400 − cos 600 − cos 200 − cos 1200 − cos 600 − cos 800 
1 
2 
1 
2 
1  1  1  ( 3
= cos 400 −  − cos 200 +  −  − cos 800  =  cos 400 + cos 800 − cos 200 − 
2  2  2  2
)
1 400 + 800 40 0 − 800 3 1  3 3
= 2 cos cos − cos 20 0 −  = 2 cos 600 cos 200 − cos 200 −  = −
2 2 2 2 2  2 4

GH(Mathematics)
 23
Trigonometry

A + B
17. If cos ecA + sec A = cos ecB + sec B, show that tan A tanB = cot .
 2 

Solution : cosecA + sec A = cosecB + secB

1 1 1 1
or, cos ecA − cos ecB = sec B − sec A or , − = −
sin A sinB cos B cos A

sinB − sin A cos A − cos B sin A sinB sinB − sin A

or, = or, =
sin A sinB cos A cos B cos A cos B cos A − cos B

B+A B−A
2 cos sin
2 2 A + B
or, tan A tanB =  tan A tanB = cot 
A +B B − A  2 
2 sin sin
2 2

A −B m −1 A +B
18. If sinA = msinB, show that tan = tan .
 2  m+1  2 

Solution : Do yourself.

19. Show that if an angle  be divided into two parts so that the ratio of the tangents of the parts is

 −1
, the difference x between the parts is given by the equation sinx = sin.
 +1

tan
Solution : Let  =  +  .  =  and  −  = x
tan 

tan sin cos   sin cos  − cos  sin  − 1

 = or, = or, =
tan  cos  sin  1 sin cos  + cos  sin  + 1

sin( −  )  − 1 sinx  − 1  −1
or, = or , = . Therefore sin x = sin.
sin( +  )  + 1 sin  + 1  +1

GH(Mathematics)
 24
Trigonometry

1
20. Prove that cos 200 cos 400 cos 600 cos 800 = .
16

Solution : Do yourself.

( )
21. Prove that cos 2 A − 1200 + cos 2 A + cos 2 A + 1200 = ( ) 3
2
.

( )
Solution : LHS = cos 2 A − 1200 + cos 2 A + cos 2 A + 1200 ( )
=
1
2
( ( )
2 cos 2 A − 1200 + 2 cos 2 A + 2 cos 2 A + 1200 ( ))
=
1
2
( ( )
1 + cos 2 A − 1200 + 1 + cos 2A + 1 + cos 2 A + 1200 ( ))
=
1
2
( ( )
3 + cos 2A − 2400 + cos 2A + 2400 + cos 2A( ) )

=
1
( 1
2
1
 2
)  3
3 + 2 cos 2A cos 2400 + cos 2A =  3 + 2 −  cos 2A + cos 2A  =
2  2


 As cos 2400
= cos 90 0
 3 − (
30 0
= − sin 30 0
= −
1
)
2 

1
22. Prove that 0
− 2 sin700 = 1 .
2 sin10

1 1 − 2 sin700  2 sin100
Solution : LHS = − 2 sin 700 =
2 sin100 2 sin100

=
(
1 − 2 2 sin700 sin100 ) = 1 − 2(cos(700 − 100 )− cos(700 + 100 ))
2 sin100 2 sin100

1 
=
( 0
1 − 2 cos 60 − cos 80
= 2
0
)
1 − 2 − cos 800  0 0
 = 2 cos 80 = 2 sin10 = 1 = RHS.
2 sin100 2 sin100 2 sin100 2 sin100

GH(Mathematics)
 25
Trigonometry

1 3
23. Prove that 0
- = 2.
2 sin10 2 cos 10 0

Solution : Do yourself.

24. If A + B + C =  and cosA = cosB.cosC, prove that a) 2cotB cotC = 1 b) tanA = tanB + tanC.

Solution : a) A + B + C =  or, A =  -( B + C) or, cosA = cos − (B + C)

or, cosB cosC = − cos(B + C) = −(cosB cosC − sinB sinC)

2 cos B cos C
or, 2 cos B cos C = sinB sin C or , = 1 or , 2 cot B cot C = 1
sinB sinC

sinB sinC sinB cos C + cos B sinC sin(B + C )

24. b) Solution : RHS = tanB + tan C = + = =
cos B cos C cos B cos C CosB cos C

sin( − A ) sin A
= = = tan A = RHS.
cos A cos A

sin2
25. If tan( − ) = , prove that tan  : tan = 3 : 2 .
5 − cos 2

sin2
Solution : tan( − ) =
5 − cos 2

2 tan 
tan  − tan  1 + tan2  2 tan  2 tan  tan 
= = = =
or,
1 + tan  tan 
5−
2 2 2
( 2
)(
1 − tan  5 1 + tan  − 1 − tan  4 + 6 tan  2 + 3 tan2 )
1 + tan2 

( )
or, (tan  − tan) 2 + 3 tan2  = tan(1 + tan  tan)

or, 2 tan  + 3 tan  tan2  − 2 tan − 3 tan3  = tan + tan  tan2 

or, 3 tan3  − 2 tan  tan2  + 3 tan − 2 tan  = 0

tan2 (3 tan − 2 tan  ) + (3 tan − 2 tan  ) = 0

(
or, (3 tan − 2 tan  ) tan2  + 1 = 0 )  3 tan − 2 tan  = 0 or ,
tan  3
= proved.
tan 2

GH(Mathematics)
 26
Trigonometry

sin2
26. If 2 tan = 3tan, prove that tan( − ) = .
5 − cos 2

Solution : Do yourself.

3 sin2
27. tan  : tan  = 1 : 4 , prove that tan( −  ) = .
5 − 3 cos 2

Solution : tan  : tan  = 1 : 4 or, tan  = 4 tan 

tan − tan  4 tan  − tan  3 tan   2 tan  

LHS = tan( −  ) = = = = 3 
1 + tan tan  1 + 4 tan  tan  1 + 4 tan2   2 + 8 tan2  

 2 tan    2 tan  
3 2 
3 2 
=
 1 + tan   =  1 + tan   = 3 sin2 = RHS.
 2 + 8 tan2    2  5 − 3 cos 2
  5 − 3 1 − tan  
 1 + tan2    1 + tan2  
   

 −  4 − a2 − b2
28. If sin + sin = a, cos  + cos  = b, prove that tan = .
 2  a2 + b2

Solution : a2 + b2 = (sin  + sin )2 + (cos  + cos )2

= sin2  + sin2  + 2 sin  sin  + cos 2  + cos 2  + 2 cos  cos  = 2 + 2(cos  cos  + sin  sin )

= 2 + 2 cos( − )

 −
2 sin2  
4 −a −b 2
4 − 2 + 2 cos ( − ) 21 − cos ( − )
2
 2 
Now, = = =
a2 + b2 2 + 2 cos ( − ) 21 + cos ( − )  −
2 cos 2  
 2 

2  −   4 − a2 − b2  −  4 − a2 − b2
or, tan  =  tan = .
 2  a2 + b2  2  a2 + b2

GH(Mathematics)
 27
Trigonometry

29. If sin sin − cos cos + 1 = 0, prove that 1 + cot. tan = 0.

Solution : sin sin − cos cos + 1 = 0 or, cos  cos  − sin  sin = 1

or, cos ( + ) = 1 or , cos ( + ) = cos 0 0 or , ( + ) = 0 0

cos  sin sin  cos  + cos  sin sin( + ) sin 00

LHS = 1 + cot. tan = 1 + . = = = = 0 = RHS.
sin  cos  sin  cos  sin  cos  sin  cos 

30. Prove that sin19 0 + sin 410 + sin830 = sin230 + sin370 + sin79 0

Solution : LHS = sin190 + sin 410 + sin 830

= 2 sin
190 + 410
2
cos
190 − 410
2
( )
+ sin 900 − 70 = 2 sin 300 cos 110 + cos 70

( ) ( ) (
= cos 110 + 2 sin300 cos 70 = cos 900 − 790 + sin 300 + 70 + sin 300 − 70 )
0 0 0
= sin23 + sin 37 + sin 79 = RHS.

1+n
31. If sin  = nsin( + 2 ), show that tan( +  ) = tan  .
1−n

Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)
 28
Trigonometry

nsin cos 
32. If tan = , prove that tan( − ) = (1 − n)tan .
1 − nsin2 

n sin  cos 
tan  −
tan  − tan  1 − n sin2 
Solution : LHS = tan( −  ) = =
1 + tan  tan   n sin  cos  
1 + tan  
 1 − n sin2  

( )
tan  1 − n sin2  − n sin  cos 
=
tan  − n tan  sin2  − n sin  cos 
=
(1 − nsin2 )+ tan(nsin cos ) ( )
1 − n sin2  +
sin 
(n sin  cos  )
cos 

sin 
tan  − n tan  sin2  − n cos 2 
=
( 2
)
cos 
2
1 − n sin  + n sin 
( )
= tan  − n tan  sin2  + cos 2  = (1 − n) tan  = RHS.

a cos  +
33. If = , prove that a tan  + b tan  = (a + b)tan .
b cos  2

a cos  a b a+b
Solution : = or , = = = k say.
b cos  cos  cos  cos  + cos 

or, a = k cos, b = k cos

sin  sin   sin    sin  

LHS = a tan  + b tan  = a +b = k cos    + k cos    = k(sin  + sin )
cos  cos   cos    cos  

+ −
2 sin
cos
(a + b) 2 = (a + b ) tan  +   = RHS.
= (sin  + sin ) = (a + b) 2
 
(cos  + cos ) 2 cos
+
cos
−  2 
2 2

GH(Mathematics)
 29
Trigonometry

( ) ( )
34. If a cos  = b cos  + 1200 = c cos  + 2400 , prove that ab + bc + ca = 0.

Solution : Do yourself.

1 
35. Prove that sin sin3 sin5 = , where  = .
8 14

Solution :  =  or , 14 =  or , 7 =  or , 3 =
 
− 4 and 5 = − 2
14 2 2 2


LHS = sin  sin 3 sin 5 = sin  sin
  
− 4  sin − 2 
2  2 
= sin cos4 cos2 = sin cos2 cos4

2 cos  sin2 cos 2 cos 4 (2 sin2 cos 2 )cos 4

= sin  cos 2 cos 4 = =
2 cos  2 cos  2  2 cos 

 
sin +  
sin 4 cos 4 2 sin 4 cos 4 sin 8  = cos  = 1 = RHS.
= 
2
= = =
4 cos  2  4 cos  8 cos  8 cos  8 cos  8

3cos 2 − 1
36. If cos 2 = , prove that tan  = 2 tan .
3 − cos 2

 
37. If tan = tan3 and tan  = 2 tan  , prove that  +  = 2 .
2 2

    tan   1 + tan2  
tan + tan tan3 + tan  
  2 2 2 2 2 2
Solution : tan +  = = =
 2 2  1 − tan  tan  1 − tan3  tan  1 − tan4

2 2 2 2 2

     
tan  1 + tan2  tan  2 tan 
2 2
=
1
2 =  2  = 1 tan 2    = 1 tan 
=  
 2   2   1 − tan2  2  1 − tan2   2  2 2
 1 + tan   1 − tan   
 2  2 2  2

1    
= (2 tan  ) = tan   tan +  = tan   + =  or ,  +  = 2 Proved.
2 2 2 2 2

GH(Mathematics)
 30
Trigonometry

 1−e  cos  − e
38. If tan = tan , prove that cos  = .
2 1+e 2 1 − e cos 

Solution : Do yourself.

 
39. Prove that sec  + tan  = tan + .
4 2


1 + sin2 
1 sin  1 + sin  2
Solution : sec  + tan  = + = =
cos  cos  cos  
cos 2 
2

2
   
1 + sin2  sin2  + cos 2  + 2 sin  cos   cos + sin 
=
2= 2 2 2 2 =  2 2
        
cos 2  cos 2 − sin2  cos + sin   cos − sin 
2 2 2  2 2  2 2

  1  1     
cos + sin cos + sin sin cos + cos sin
2 2 = 2 2 2 2 = 4 2 4 2
=
  1  1     
cos − sin cos − sin cos cos − sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2

 
sin + 
 4 2  = tan  +   = RHS.
=  
   4 2
cos + 
4 2

40. Evaluate sec 80 0 − 3 cos ec 80 0 .

Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)
 31
Trigonometry

 
41. If tan  = n(sec  − 1)2 , prove that cot 3 − cot = 2n .
2 2

Solution : tan  = n(sec  − 1)2

sin   1 
2
(1 − cos )2
or, = n − 1 = n or, sin  cos  = n(1 − cos )2
cos   cos   cos 2 

2
       
or, 2 sin cos  cos 2 − sin2  = n1 −  1 − 2 sin2 
2 2 2 2   2 

  2       
or, 2 sin cos  cos − sin2  = 4n sin4 or, cos  cos
2
− sin2  = 2n sin3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

  
cos 3 − cos sin2  
or, 2 2 2 = 2n or, cot
3
− cot = 2n proved.
 2 2
sin3
2

42. If sin + sin = 3 (cos  − cos  ), prove that sin3 + sin3 = 0.

Solution : sin + sin = 3(cos − cos)

 +  −
2 sin cos
sin  + sin 2 2 = 3
or, = 3 or ,
cos  − cos   +  −
2 sin sin
2 2

 −  −
or, cos = 3 = cot 300 or, = 300
2 2

or,  −  = 600 or, 3 − 3 = 1800 or, 3 = 1800 + 3

( )
LHS = sin 3 + sin 3 = sin 1800 + 3 + sin3 = − sin3 + sin3 = 0 = RHS.

GH(Mathematics)
 32
Trigonometry

1 1 
43. If tan  = and tan = , prove that  + 2 = .
7 3 4

1
2
2 tan  3 = 29 = 3
Solution : tan 2 = =
1 − tan  1 − 1 3 8 4
2

tan  + tan2
Now, tan( + 2) =
1 − tan  tan2

1 3
+ 25
or, tan( + 2) = 7 4 = 28 = 1
1 3 25
1−  28
7 4


or, tan( + 2) = tan
4


  + 2 = proved.
4

44. If tan2  = 1 + 2 tan2 , prove that cos 2 = 1 + 2 cos 2 .

Solution : RHS = 1 + 2 cos 2 = 1 + 2

 1 − tan2  
  = 1 + 2
( )
 1 − 1 + 2 tan2  
 1 + tan2  
  ( 2 
)
 1 + 1 + 2 tan  

= 1 + 2
(
 1 − 1 + 2 tan2  
=
) −
2 tan2 
=
( )
1 + tan2  − 2 tan2  1 − tan2 
= = cos 2 = LHS.
( 2 
 1 + 1 + 2 tan   )1
1 + tan2  1 + tan2  1 + tan2 

sin
45. If k sin( + ) = sin  , prove that tan( + ) = .
cos  − k

Solution : k sin( + ) = sin  or , k sin( + ) = sin( + ) − 

or, k sin( + ) = sin( + )cos  − cos ( + )sin

or, sin( + )cos  − k sin( + ) = cos( + )sin

sin( + ) sin sin

or, sin( + )cos  − k = cos ( + )sin or , =  tan( + ) = .
cos( + ) cos  − k cos  − k

GH(Mathematics)
 33
Trigonometry

tan( − ) sin2 
46. If + 2 = 1, prove that tan2  = tan tan
tan sin 

Solution : Do yourself

47. Solve the following equations for 0    2 , 0  x  2 .

i) sin − 3 cos  = 1

Solution : sin  − 3 cos  = 1 or, sin  − 3 cos  = 1

1 3 1 1
or, sin  − cos  = or , sin  cos 600 − cos  sin600 =
2 2 2 2

( )
or, sin  − 600 = sin300   − 600 = n + (− )n 300 or ,  = 600 + n + (− )n 300

For n = 0, 1, 2, …..  = 900 , 2100 Ans.

ii) 3 cos x + sinx = 1

Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)
 34
Trigonometry

iii) sin + sin5 = sin3

Solution : sin + sin5 = sin3

 + 5  − 5
or, 2 sin cos = sin3 or , 2 sin3 cos 2 = sin3
2 2

or, 2 sin3 cos 2 − sin3 = 0 or , sin3(2 cos 2 − 1) = 0

sin3 = 0 and 2cos2 − 1 = 0

1
or , sin3 = sin 0 0 and cos 2 =
2

or, or , sin 3 = sin 0 0 and cos 2 = cos 600

or,  = n + (− 1)n 00 and 2 = 2n  600

or,  = n, n  300 where n is any integer.

Now for n = 0,  = 0 0 ,  300

For n = 1,  = 1800 , 1800  300

For n= 2,  = 3600 , 3600  30 0

 = 0 0 , 300 , 1800 , 1500 , 2100 , 3600 , 3300

iv) sin + 3 cos  = 2

Solution : sin  + 3 cos  = 2

1 3 2 1
or, sin  + cos  = =
2 2 2 2

0
or, sin  sin 30 + cos  cos 30 =
0 1
2
(
or, cos  − 30
0
)= cos 450
0 0
or,  − 30 = 2n  45 or ,  = 300 + 2n  450 , where n is any integer.

GH(Mathematics)
 35
Trigonometry
Now for n = 0,  = 750 , For n = 1,  = 3450   = 750 , 3450

v) tan + tan2 + tan tan2 = 1

Solution : Do yourself

vi) sin3  + cos 3  = 0

Solution : sin3  + cos 3  = 0

sin3 
or,
3
+1 = 0 or , tan3  = −1 or , tan  = −1
cos 

(
or, tan  = tan − 450 ) (
or ,  = n + − 450 ) or ,  = n − 450 , where n is any integer.

Now for n = 0,  = −450 , For n = 1,  = 1800 − 450 = 1350

For n = 2,  = 3600 − 450 = 3150   = 1350 , 3150

3
vii) cos 3  sin3 + sin3  cos 3 =
4

Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)
 36
Trigonometry

viii) 1 − 2cos − 2sin + cot = 0

cos 
Solution : 1 − 2 cos − 2 sin + cot = 0 or, 1 − 2 cos  − 2 sin  + =0
sin 

 cos    cos  + sin  

or,  1 +  − 2(cos  + sin )= 0 or,   − 2(cos  + sin ) = 0
 sin    sin  

 1  1
or, (cos  + sin ) − 2 = 0 or, cos  + sin  = 0 and −2 = 0
 sin   sin 

1
or, tan  = −1 and sin  =
2

(
or, tan  = tan − 450 ) and sin  = sin300

or,  = n − 450 and  = n + (− 1)n 300 , where n is any integer.

Now for n = 0,  = −450 and  = 300

For n = 1,  = 1800 − 450 = 1350 and  = 1500

For n = 2,  = 3600 − 450 = 3150 and  = 3600 + 300 = 3900

 = 300 , 1350 , 1500 3150

GH(Mathematics)
 37
Trigonometry

ix) tanx + tan2x + tan3x = tanx tan2x tan3x

Solution : tanx + tan2x + tan3x = tanx tan2x tan3x

or, tan x + tan2x = tan x tan2x tan 3x − tan 3x = − tan 3x(1 − tan x tan2x )

tan x + tan2x
or, = − tan 3x or, tan(x + 2x ) = − tan3x or, tan3x = − tan3x
1 − tan x tan2x

or, 2 tan3x = 0 or, tan 3x = 0 = tan 0 0 or, 3x = n + 0 0

n
or, x = , where n is any integer.
3

Now for n = 0, x = 0 0 , For n = 3, x = 1800 , For n = 4, x = 2400

1800
For n = 1, x = = 600 , For n = 5, x = 3000
3

3600
For n = 2, x = = 1200 , For n = 6, x = 3600
3

x = 0 0 , 600 , 1200 , 1800 , 2400 , 3000 , 3600

GH(Mathematics)
 38
Trigonometry

x) cos 3 x − cos x sinx − sin3 x = 1

Solution : cos 3 x − cos x sin x − sin3 x = 1 3 3

or, cos x − sin x − 1 − cos x sin x = 0

( )
or, cos x − sin x − (1 + cos x sin x ) = 0
3 3

( )
or, (cos x − sin x ) cos x + sin x + cos x sin x − (1 + cos x sin x ) = 0
2 2

or, (cosx − sinx )(1 + cosx sinx ) − (1 + cosx sinx ) = 0 or, (cosx − sinx − 1)(1 + cosx sinx ) = 0

or, (cos x − sin x − 1) = 0 and (1 + cos x sinx ) = 0

or, cosx − sinx = 1 and 2 + 2cosx sinx = 0

1 1 1
ot, cos x − sin x = and sin2x = −2, which is not possible.
2 2 2

 cos x cos 450 − sin x cos 450 =

1
2
( 0
)
or, cos x + 45 = cos 45
0

0 0 0 0
or, x + 45 = 2n  45 or, x = 2n  45 − 45 , where n is any integer.

0 0 0 0
Now for n = 0, x = 0 , − 90 For n = 1, x = 360 , 270 x = 0 0 , 2700 , 3600

1
xi) 2 sin + 5cos  = 2 , where tan68012 = 2
2

Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)
 39
Trigonometry

xii) ( ) (
3 tan  − 150 = tan  + 150 )
( ) (
Solution : 3 tan  − 150 = tan  + 150 )
( )=3
tan  + 150 ( ) (
sin  + 150 cos  − 150 )= 3
tan( − 150 ) cos ( + 150 ) sin( − 150 ) 1
or, or,

( ) ( ) ( ) (
sin  + 150 cos  − 150 + cos  + 150 sin  − 150 )= 3+1
cos ( + 150 ) sin( − 150 )− cos ( + 150 ) sin( − 150 ) 3 − 1
or,

 ( ) ( ) = 2
sin  + 150 +  − 150 sin2
=2 or, sin2 = 2 sin 300
sin ( + 150 )− ( − 150 ) 
or, or,
0
sin30

or, sin2 = 1 or, sin2 = sin 900 2 = n + (− 1)n 900

n
 = + (− 1)n 450 , where n is any integer.
2

Now , For n = 0,  = 450 , For n = 1,  = 450 ,

For n = 2,  = 1800 + 450 = 2250 For n = 3,  = 2700 − 450 = 2250

For n = 4,  = 3600 + 450 = 4050   = 450 , 2250

   
xiii) tan +   + tan −   = 4
4  4 

Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)
 40
Trigonometry

xiv) ( )
tan2  − 1 + 3 tan  + 3 = 0

2
Solution : tan  − 1 + ( )
3 tan  + 3 = 0

2
or, tan  − tan − 3 tan + 3 = 0

or, tan(tan − 1) − 3(tan − 1) = 0

(
or, (tan − 1) tan − 3 = 0 )
or, tan  = 1 and tan  = 3

0
or, tan  = tan 45 and tan  = tan 600

 = n + 450 and  = n + 600 , where n is any integer.

Now , For n = 0,  = 450 , 600 , For n = 1,  = 2250 , 2400 , For n = 2,  = 4050 , 4200

 = 450 , 600 , 2250 , 2400

xv) cos3x + cos2x + cosx = 0

Solution : Do yourself.

−1 1 
−1 
48. Solve tan  sec x  + cot (2 cos x ) =
2  3

1  
Solution : tan  sec x  + cot (2 cos x ) =
−1 −1
2  3

−1 1 −1  1  
or, tan  sec x  + tan  =
2   2 cos x  3

−1 1 −1 1  
or, tan  sec x  + tan  sec x  =
2  2  3

−1 1   −1 1   1  1
or, 2 tan  sec x  = or, tan  sec x  = or, sec x = tan =
2  3 2  6 2 6 3

2  
or, sec x = = sec x = .
3 6 6
GH(Mathematics)
 41
Trigonometry

x y x 2 2xy y2
49. If cos −1 + cos −1 =  , prove that 2 − cos  + 2 = sin2  .
a b a ab b

x y
Solution : cos −1 + cos −1 = 
a b

  2  2   x 2  y2 
or, cos −1   −  1 −  1 −   =  or,  −  1 − 2  1 − 2  = cos 
x y x y x y
a b  a2  b2   a b  a  b 
      

xy  x 2  y 2   xy   x  y 
2 2 2
or, − cos  =  1 −  1 −  or,  − cos   =  1 − 2  1 − 2 
ab  a2  b2   ab   a  b 
  

x2 y2 xy 2 y2 x2 x2 y2
or, − 2 cos  + cos  = 1 − 2 − 2 + 2 2
a2b2 ab b a ab

x2 y2 xy
or,
2
+ 2
−2 cos  = 1 − cos 2 
a b ab

x2
2xy y2
 2 − cos  + 2 = sin2 
a ab b

 1   1 
 = tan −1   , x + y + 2a  0.
1
50. If xy = 1 + a2 , prove that tan −1   + tan −1 
a + x a + y a

 1  −1  1 
Solution : LHS = tan−1   + tan  
 a+ x   a + y 

 1 1   a+ x +a+ y 
 +   
−1  a + x a + y  −1  (a + x )(a + y )   a+ x +a+ y 
= tan = tan = tan−1  
 1 1   (a + x )(a + y ) − 1   (a + x )(a + y ) − 1 
1− a+ x  a+ y   (a + x )(a + y ) 
   

 2a + x + y   2a + x + y 
= tan−1  2  = tan−1 


 a2 + ay + ax + 1 + a2 − 1 
 a + ay + ax + xy − 1   

 2a + x + y   2a + x + y  1
= tan−1  2  = tan−1 
  = tan −1   = RHS
 2a + ax + ay   a(2a + x + y )   a

GH(Mathematics)
 42
Trigonometry

−1 −1 −1 2 2 2
51. If cos x + cos y + cos z = , prove that x + y + z + 2xyz = 1 .

−1 −1 −1
Solution : cos x + cos y + cos z = 

−1 −1 −1
or, cos x + cos y =  − cos z or, cos −1  xy −

(1 − x2 )(1 − y2 ) =  − cos −1 z
or, xy − (1 − x2 )(1 − y2 ) = cos( − cos −1 z)= −cos cos −1 z = −z
or, xy + z = (1 − x2 )(1 − y2 ) (
or , (xy + z )2 = 1 − x2 1 − y2 )( )
or, x2 y2 + z2 + 2xyz = 1 − y2 − x 2 + x 2 y2

2 2 2
or, x + y + z + 2xyz = 1 proved.

−1 −1
52. If two angles of a triangle are tan 2 and tan 3 , find the third angle.

Solution : Let third angle be  .

 tan−1 2 + tan−1 3 +  = 

−1  2+3 
or,  + tan  +=
 1 − 2 3 

−1 −1   
or, tan−1 (− 1) +  = 0 or, − tan−1 1 +  = 0 or,  = tan 1 = tan  tan  =
 4 4


53. If tan−1 x + tan−1 y + tan−1 z = , prove that xy + yz + zx = 1
2


Solution : tan−1 x + tan−1 y + tan−1 z =
2

 −1 x+y  
or, tan−1 x + tan−1 y = − tan−1 z or, tan   = − tan −1 z
2  1 − xy  2

or,
x+y
1 − xy
 
( 
) 1
= tan − tan−1 z  = cot tan−1 z = cot cot −1 
2   z

x+y 1
or, = or, (x + y)z = 1 − xy xy + yz + zx = 1
1 − xy z
GH(Mathematics)
 43
Trigonometry

−1 −1 −1
54. If tan x + tan y + tan z = , prove that x + y + z = xyz

Solution : Do yourself.

55. (−1
)
−1
Solve : tan cos x = sin tan 2 ( )
Solution :
−1
Let cos x = 

or, cos = x

LHS = (
tan cos −1 x = tan  ) 1 − x2 1

x
1 − x2
=
x

Let tan−1 2 = 

or, tan  = 2

RHS = (
sin tan−1 2 = sin  ) 2 5

1
2
=
5


1 − x2 2
x
=
5
or,
1 − x2
x 2
=
4
5
(
or, 5 1 − x
2
) = 4x 2 2
or, 9x = 5

5 5
or, x = 
2
or, x =
9 3

 x − 1  x + 1 
56. Solve tan −1   + tan −1   =
 x − 2   x + 2  4

Solution : Do yourself

GH(Mathematics)
 44
Trigonometry

57. ( ) (
Prove that tan tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z = cot cot −1 x + cot −1 y + cot −1 z )
−1
( −1 −1
Solution : LHS = tan tan x + tan y + tan z )
   
= tan − cot −1 x + − cot −1 y + − cot −1 z 
2 2 2 

 −1
( −1 −1
= tan3 − cot x + cot y + cot z 
 2 
)
(
= cot cot −1 x + cot −1 y + cot −1 z = RHS)
5 12 
58. Solve sin−1 + sin−1 =
x x 2

−1 5 12 
Solution : sin + sin−1 =
x x 2

−1 5  12
or, sin = − sin−1
x 2 x

5  12   12 
or, = sin − sin−1  = cos sin−1 
x 2 x   x 

2 2
5 −1  12  5  12 
or, = cos cos 1−  or, = 1 −  
x  x  x  x 

2 2
25  12  144 25  12  144
or, 2 = 1 −   = 1 − 2 or, 2 = 1 −   = 1 − 2
x  x  x x  x  x

25 144
or, 2 + 2 = 1
x x

169
or, 2
= 1  x 2 = 169 x = 13
x

GH(Mathematics)
 45
Trigonometry

1
 x2 + 1  2
59. Prove that cos tan −1 sincot −1 x =  2  .
x + 2
 

Solution : Let cot −1 x =   cot  = x 1 x2 + 1

LHS = cos tan−1 sin cot −1 x x

= cos tan−1 sin  x
 1 
= cos tan−1   1 x2 + 2
 2 
 x +1 
1
 x2 + 1  2
= cos =   = RHS x2 + 1
 x2 + 2 
 
−1  1  1
[ Where tan   =  say. i.e tan  = ]
 2
 x +1  x2 + 1

4 12 56
60. Prove that tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1 = .
3 5 33
4 12 56
Solution : LHS = tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1
3 5 33

  4 12    56 
  +   
−1  3 5 56 56
=  + tan   + tan−1 =  + tan−1  15  + tan−1
 1 − 4  12  33 33
−  33
 3 5   15 

−1  56  −1 56 56 56
=  + tan  −  + tan =  − tan−1 + tan−1 =  = RHS.
 33  33 33 33

 2
61. Solve : cos −1 x − cos −1 y = ; sin−1 x + sin−1 y =
3 3

Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)