a b

r
S
R
C
V

Figure 1

V A
R
B C
V
Current

Rr E
D

t
O

Figure 2
1. The capacitor shown in Figure 1 above is charged by connecting switch S to contact a. If switch
S is thrown to contact b at time t = 0, which of the curves in Figure 2 above represents the
magnitude of the current
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E

10 cm

10 
10 cm

5.0 V
2. The circuit shown above is in a uniform magnetic field that is into the page and is decreasing in
magnitude at the rate of 150 tesia/second. The ammeter reads
(A) 15A
(B) 0.35A
(C) 0.50A
(D) 0.65A
(E) 0.80A

Questions 3-4 refer to a thin ring of radius R, as shown below, which has a charge Q uniformly
spread out on it.
Q

3. The electric potential at a point P, which is located on the axis of symmetry a distance x from
the center of the ring, is given by

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

4. A small particle of mass m and charge –q is place at point P and released. If R >> x, the particle
will undergo oscillations along the axis of symmetry with an angular frequency that is equal to

(A)

(B)

(C)
(D)

(E)

FE
FD

F air FC

FA FB

5. A car travels with constant speed on a circular road on level ground. In the diagram above, F air is
the force of air resistance on the car. Which of the other forces shown best represents the
horizontal force of the road on the car’s tires?
(A) FA
(B) FB
(C) FC
(D) FD
(E) FE

6. A block of mass m sliding down on an incline at constant speed is initially at a height h above
the ground, as shown in the figure above. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the mass and
the incline is . If the mass continue to slide down the incline at a constant speed. How much
energy is dissipated by friction by the time the mass reaches the bottom of the incline?
(A) mgh / 
(B) mgh
(C) mgh / sin
(D) mgh sin
(E) 0
 m
h
2m

7. As shown above, a ball of mass m, suspended on the end of a wire, is released from height h and
collides elastically, when it is at its lowest point, with a block of mass 2m at rest on a frictionless
surface. After the collision, the ball rises to a final height equal to
(A) 1/9 h
(B) 1/8 h
(C) 1/3 h
(D) 1/2 h
(E) 2/3 h

8. A particle of mass m undergoes harmonic oscillation with period T 0. A force f proportional to

the speed v of the particle, f = bv, is introduced. If the particle continues to oscillate, the period
with f acting is
(A) larger than T0
(B) smaller than T0
(C) independent of b
(D) dependent largely on b
(E) constantly changing

9. In the spectrum of hydrogen, what is the ratio of the longest wavelength in the Lyman series n i =
1, to the longest wavelength in the Balmer series (nf = 2) ?
(A) 5/27
(B) 1/3
(C) 4/9
(D) 3/2
(E) 3

10. Internal conversion is the process whereby an excited nucleus transfers its energy directly to
one of the most tightly bound atomic electrons, causing the electron to be ejected from the atom
and leaving the atom in an excited state. The most probable process after an internal conversion
electron is ejected from an atom with a high atomic number is that the
(A) atom returns to its ground state through inelastic collisions with other atoms.
(B) atom emits one or several x-rays
(C) nucleus emits a -ray
(D) nucleus emits an electron
(E) nucleus emits a position
11. A beam of neutral hydrogen atoms in their ground state is moving into the plane of this page
and passes through a region of a strong inhomogeneous magnetic field that is dilected upward in
the plane of the page. After the beam passes through this field, a detector would find that it has
been
(A) deflected upward
(B) deflected to the right
(C) undeviated
(D) split vertically into two beams
(E) split horizontally into three beams

12. The ground-state energy of position is most nearly equal to

(A) – 27.2 eV
(B) – 13.6 eV
(C) – 6.8 eV
(D) – 3.4 eV
(E) 13.6 eV

13. A 100-watt electric heating element is placed in a pan containing one liter of water. Although
the heating element is on far a long time, the water, though close to boiling, does not boil. When
the heating element is removed, approximately how long will take the water to cool by 1C?
(Assume that the specific heat for water is 4.2 kilojoules/kilogram C.)
(A) 20 s
(B) 40 s
(C) 60 s
(D) 130 s
(E) 200 s

14. Two identical 1.0-kilogram blocks of copper metal, one initially at a temperature T 1 = 0C and
the other initially at a temperature T 2 = 100C, are enclosed in a perfectly insulating container. The
two blocks are placed in contact, they come to equilibrium at a final temperature T f. The amount
of heat exchanged between the two blocks in this process is equal to which of the following? (The
specific heat of copper metal is equal to 0.1 kilocalories/kilogram K.)
(A) 50 kcal
(B) 25 kcal
(C) 10kcal
(D) 5kcal
(E) 1kcal
 P

A
P1

Th
Tc

P2 B
C

V
V1 V2

15. Suppose one mole of an ideal gas undergoes the reversible cycle ABCA shown in the P/V
diagram above, where AB is an isotherm. The molar heat capacities are C p at constant pressure and
Cv at constant volume. The net heat added to the gas during the cycle is equal to

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

16. The mean free path for the molecules of a gas is approximately given by , where  is the

nunber density and  is the collision cross section. The mean free path for air molecules at room
conditions is approximately
(A) 10 –4 m
(B) 10 –7 m
(C) 10 –10 m
(D) 10 –13 m
(E) 10 –16 m
 

x
1 2 3 4 5 6

17. The wave function for a particle constrained to move in one dimension is hsown in the graph
above ( = 0 for x≤0 and x≥5). What is the probability that the particle would be found between
x = 2 and x = 4 ?
(A) 17/64
(B) 看不清
(C) 5/8
(D)
(E) 13/16

V0

x =0 x =b

18. Consider a potential of the form

V(x) = 0, x≤a
V(x) = V0, a<x<b
V(x) = 0, x≥b
As shown in the figure above. Which of the following wave functions is possible for a particle
incident from the left with energy E < V0?
 ( A)
 (x)

a b x

(B)
 (x)

a b x

(C)
 (x)

a b x

( D)
 (x)

a b x

(E)
 (x)

a b x

19. When alpha particles are directed onto atoms in a thin metal foil, some make very close
collisions with the nuclei of the atoms and are scattered at large angles. If an alpha particle with an
initial kinetic energy of 5 MeV happens to be scattered through an angle of 180, which of the
following must have been its distance of closest approach to the scattering nucleus? ( Assume that
the metal foil is made of sliver, with Z = 50.)

(A) fm

(B) m
(C) m
(D) m
(E) m

20. A herium atom, mass 4u, travles with nonrelativistic speed v normal to the surface of a certain
material, makes an elastic collision with an (essentially free) surface atom, and leaves in the
opposite direction with speed 0.6v.The atom on the surface must be an atom of
(A) hydrogen, mass 1u
(B) helium, mass 4u
(C) carbon, mass 12u
(D) oxygen, mass 16u
(E) silicon, mass 28u
21. The period of a physical pendulum is , where I is the moment of inertia about the
pivot point and d is the distance from the pivot to the center of mass. A circular hoop hangs from a
nail on a barn wall. The mass of the hoop is 3 kilograms and its radius is 20 centimeters. If it is
displaced slightly by passing breeze,what is the period of the resulting oscillation?
(A) 0.63 s
(B) 1.0 s
(C) 1.3 s
(D) 1.8 s
(E) 2.1 s

22. The curvature of Mars is such that its surface drops a vertical distance of 2.0 meters for every
3600 meters tangent to the surface. In addtion, the gravitational acceleration near its surface is 0.4
times that near the surface of Earth. What is the speed a golf ball would need to orbit Mars near
the surface, ignoring the effects of resistance?
(A) 0.9 km/s
(B) 1.8 km/s
(C) 3.6 km/s
(D) 4.5 km/s
(E) 5.4 km/s

23. Suppose that the gravitational force law between two massive objects were

, where  is a small positive number. Which of the following statements

would be FALSE?
(A) The total mechanical energy of the planet-Sun system would be conserved..
(B) The angular momentum of a single planet moving about the Sun would be conserved.
(C) The periods of planets in circular orbit would be proportional to the (3+)/2 power of their
 respective orbital radii.
(D) A single planet could move in stationary noncircular elliptical orbit about the Sun.
(E) A single planet could move in a stationary circular orbit about the Sun.

24. Two identical conducting spheres, A and B, carry equal charge. They are initially separated by
a distance much larger than their diameters and the force between them is F. A third identical
conducting sphere, C, is uncharged. Sphere C is first touched to A then to B and then removed.
And xxx the force between A and B is equal.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 3F / 8
(E)

C1 C2

25. Two real capacitors of equal capacitance (C 1 = C2) are shown in the figure above. Initially,
while the switch S is open, one of the capacitors is unchargedand the other carries charge Q 0. The
energy stored in the charged capacitor is U 0. Sometime after the switch is closed, the capacitors C 1
and C2 carry charges Q1 and Q2, respectively; the voltages across the capacitors are V 1 and V2; and
the energies stored in the capacitors are U 1 and U2. Which of the following statements is
INCORRECT?
(A) Q0 = (Q1 + Q2)/2
(B) Q1 = Q2
(C) V1 = V2
(D) U1 = U2
(E) U0 = U1 + U2

26. A series PLC circuit is used in a radio to tune an FM station broadcasting at 103.7 MHz.The
resistance in the circuit is 10 ohms and the inductance is 2.0 microhenries. What is the best
estimate of the capacitance that should be used?
(A) 200 pF
(B) 59 pF
(C) 1 pF
(D) 0.2 pF
(E) 0.02 pF

27. In laboratory experiment, graphs are employed to determine how one measured variable
depends on another. These graphs generally fall into three categories: linear, semilog (logarithmic
versus linear), and log-log. Which type of graph listed in the third column below would NOT be
the best for plotting data to test relationship given in the first and second columns?
 Relation Variables Plotted Type of Graph
(A) Activity as time for a radioactive isotope Semilog
(B) Stopping poterntial vs.frequency for the Linear
photoelectric effect
(C) s  t2 Distance vs. Time for an object undergoing constant Log-Log
acceleration
(D) 不清楚 Gain vs. frequency for a low-pass filter Linear
(E) PT 4
Power rediated vs. Temperature for blackbody Log-Log
rediation

cm

cm
1 2 3 4 5 6

28. The figure above represents the trace on the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope. The screen is
graduated in centimeters. The spot on the screen moves horizontally with a constant speed of 0.5
centimeter/millisecond, and the vertical scale is 2 volts/centimeters. Which of the following are
most nearly the observed amplitude and frequency of these two oscillations?
Oscillation 1 Oscillation 2
(A) 5 V, 250 Hz 2.5 V, 1000 Hz
(B) 1.5 V, 250 Hz 3 V, 1500 Hz
(C) 5 V, 6 Hz 2 V, 2 Hz
(D) 2.5 V, 83 Hz 1.25 V, 500 Hz
(E) 6.14 V, 98 Hz 1.35 V, 257 Hz

29. The characteristic distance at which quantum gravitational effects are significent, the Plank
length, can be determinedfrom a suitable combination of the physical constants G, h, and c. Which
of the following correctly gives the plank length?
(A) Ghc
(B)
(C)

(D)

(E) Gh / c

5 cm

h2
h1

30. An open-ended U-tube of uniform cross-sectional are containswater (density 1.0 gram /
centimeter3) standing initially 20 centimeters from the bottom in each arm. An immiscible liquid
of density 4.0 grams / centimeter 3 is added to one arm until a layer S centimeters high forms, as
shown in the figure above. What is the ratio h2 / h1 of the heights of the liquid in the arms?
(A) 3/1
(B) 5/2
(C) 2/1
(D) 3/2
(E) 不清

31. A sphere pf mass m is released from rest in viscous medium. In addition to the gravitational
magnitude mg, the sphere experiences a retarding force of magnitude bv, where v is the speed of
the sphere and b is a constant. Assume that the force is negligible. Which about the sphere is
correct?
(A) Its kinetic energy decreases due to the retarding force.
(B) Its kinetic energy increases to a maximum, then decreases to a final terminal speed.
(C) Its speed increases to a maximum, then decreases back to a final terminal speed.
(D) Its speed increases monotonically, approaching terminal speed that depends on h.
(E) Its speed incresed increases monotonically, approaching terminal speed that depends on both.

 

B m  m

32. Three equal masses m are rigidly connected to each other by massless rods od length l forming
an equilateral triangle, as shown above. The assembly is to be given an angular velocity  about
an axis perpendicular to the triangle. For fixed , the ratio of the kinetic energy of the assembly
for an axis through B compared with that for an axis through A is equal to
(A) 3
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 1/2
(E) 1/3

33. A diatomic molecule is initially in the state , where

Yfm is a sperical harmonic. If measurements are made of the total angular mementum quantum
number l and of the azimuthal angular momentum quantum number m, what is the probability of
obtaining the result l = 5 ?
(A) 36 / 1444
(B) 9 / 38
(C) 13 / 38

(D)

(E) 34 / 38

34. When the beta decay of 60Co nucleus observed as low temperature in a magnetic field that
aligns the spins of the nuclei, it is found that the electrons are emitted prefereauaily in a direction
opposite to the 60Co spin direction. Which of the following invariances is violated by this decay?
(A) Gauge invariance
(B) Time invariance
(C) Translation invariance
(D) Reflection invariance
(E) Rotation invariance

35. The wave function for identical fermions is antisymmetric under particle interchange. Which
of the follwing is a consequence of this property?
(A) Pauli exclusion principle
(B) Bohr correspondence principle
(C) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
(D) Bose-Einstein condensation
(E) Fermi’s Golden rule

36. A lump of clay whose mass is 4 kilograms is traveling at three-fifths the speed of light when it
collides head-on with an identical lump going the opposite direction at the same speed. If the two
lumps stick together and no energy is radiated away, what is the mass of the composite lump?
(A) 4 kg
(B) 6.4 kg
(C) 8 kg
(D) 10 kg
(E) 13.3 kg

37. An atom moving at speed 0.3c emits an electron along the same direction with speed 0.6c in
the internal rest frame of the atom. The speed of the electron in the lab frame is equal to
(A) 25c
(B) 0.51c
(C) 0.66c
(D) 0.76c
(E) 0.90c

38. What is the speed of a particle having a momentum of 5MeV/c and a total relativistic energy
of 10 MeV?
(A) c
(B) 0.75c

(C)

(D)

(E)

39. Which of the following atoms has the lowest ionization potential?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E) 不清

40. If singly ionized helium atom in an n = 4 state emits a photon of wavelength 470 nanometers,
which of the following gives the approximate final energy level Ef of the atom, and the n value n f
of this final state?
Ef (eV) nf
(A) –6.0 3
(B) –6.0 2
(C) –14 2
(D) –14 1
(E) –52 1
41. A 3p electron is found in the energy level of a hydrogen atom. Which of the following is

true about the electron in this state?

(A) It is allowed to make an electric dipole transition to the level.

(B) It is allowed to make an electric dipole transition to the level.

(C) It has quantum numbers l = 3, j = 3/2, S = 1/2.

(D) It as quantum number n = 3, xxx, S = 3/2

(E) It has exactly the same energy level as in the level.

42. Light of wavelength 500 nanometers is incident on sodium, with work function 2.28 electron
volts. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectrons?
(A) 0.03 eV
(B) 0.2 eV
(C) 0.6 eV
(D) 1.3 eV
(E) 2.0 eV

43. The line integral of u = y i –x j + 2 k around a circle of radius R in the x-y plane with center at
the origin is equal to
(A) 0
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

44. A particle of unit mass undergoes one-dimensional motion such that its velocity varies
according to

where  and n are constants and x is the position of the particle. What is the acceleration of the
particle as a function of x ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

45. The circuits below consist of two-element combinations of capacitors ,diodes and resistors. V in
represents an ac-voltage with variable frequency. It is desired to build a circuit for which V out = Vin
at high frequencies and Vout =0 at low frequencies. Which of the following circuits will perform
the task?
 ( A)

V in V out

(B)

V in V out

(C)

V in V out

( D)

V in V out

(E)

V in V out

R


46. A circular wire loop of radius R rotates with an angular speed  in a uniform magnetic field B,
as shown in the figure above. If the emf  induced in the loop is 0sint, then the angular speed of
the loop is
一片混乱
 B
R

47. A wire is being wound around a rotating wooden cylinder of radius R. One end of the wire is
connected to the axis of the cylinder, as shown in the figure above. The cylinder is placed in a
uniform magnetic field of magnitude B parallel to its axis and rotates at N revolutions per second.
What is the potential difference between the open ends of the wire?
(A) 0
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

48. The half-life of a + meson at rest is 2.5×10 - 8 second. A beam of + mesons is generated at a
point 10 meters from a detector. Only 1/2 of the + mesons live to reach the detector. The speed of
the + mesons is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)
(E) 2

49. The infinite xy-plane is a nonconducting surface, with surface charge density , as measures
by an observer at rest on the surface. A second observer moves with velocity relative to the
surface , at height h above it. Which of the following expressions gives the electric field measured
by this second observer?

50. In inertial frame S, two events occur at the same instant in time and 3c-minutes apart inspace.
In inertial frame S’, the same evens occur at 5c-minutes apart. What is the time interval between
the evens in S’ ?
(A) 0 min
(B) 2 min
(C) 4 min
(D) 6 min
(E) 8 min

51. The solution to the Schrodinger equation for a particle bound in a one-dimensional infinitely
deep potential well, indexed by quantum number n, indicates that in the middle of the well the
probability density vanishes for
(A) the ground state (n = 1) only
(B) states of even n (n = 2,4,….)
(C) states of odd n (n = 1,3,….)
(D) all states (n = 1,2,3….)
(E) all states except the ground state

52. At a given instant of time, a rigid rotator is in the state , where 

is the polar angle relative to the z-axis and  is the azimuthal angle. Measurement will find which
of the following possible values of the z-component of the angular momentum lz ?
(A) 0
(B) /2, /2
(C) , 
(D) 2, 2
(E) , 0, 

53. Positronium is the bound state of an electron and a positron. Consider only the states of zero
orbital angular momentum (l = 0). The most probable decay product of any such state of
positronium with spin zero (singlet) is
(A) 0 photons
(B) 1 photon
(C) 2 photons
(D) 3 photons
(E) 4 photons

Questions 54-55 concern a plane electromagnetic wave that is a superposition of two independent
orthogonal plane waves and can be written as the real part of

where k, , E1 and E2 are real.

(A) line at 45 to the +x-axis
(B) line at 135 to the +x-axis
(C) clockwise circle
(D) counterclockwise circle
(E) random path
55. If the plane wave is split and recombined on a screen after the two portions, which are
polarized in the x- and y-directions, have traveled an optical path difference of 2 / k, the observed
average intensity will be proportional to

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E) 0

56. A light source is at the bottom of a pool of water. The index of refraction of water is 1.33. At
what minimum angle of incidence will a ray be totally reflected at the surface?
(A) 0
(B) 25
(C) 5
(D) 
(E) 90

57. Consider a single-slit diffraction pattern for a slit of width d. It is observed that for light of
wavelength 450 nanometers, the angle between first minimum and the central maximum 不清楚.
The value of d is
选项不清

58. A collimated laser beam emerging from a commercial HeNe laser has a diameter of about 1
millimeter. In order to convert this beam into a well-collimated beam of diameter 10 millimeters,
two convex lenses are to be used. The first lens is of focal length 1.5 centimeters and is to be
mounted at the output of the laser. What is the focal length, f, of the second lens and how far from
the first lens should it be placed?
f Distance
(A) 4.5 cm 6.0 cm
(B) 10 cm 10 cm
(C) 10 cm 11.5 cm
(D) 15 cm 15 cm
(E) 15 cm 16.5 cm

59. The approximate number of photons in a femtosecond (10 15 s) pulse of 600 nanometers
wavelength light from a 10-kilowatt peak-power dye laser is
(A) 103
(B) 107
(C) 1011
(D) 1015
(E) 1018

60. The Lyman alpha spectral line of hydrogen ( = 122 nanometers) differs by 1.8×1012 meter in
spectra taken at opposite ends of the Sun’s equator. What is the speed of a particle on the equator
due to the Sun’s rotation, in kilometers per second?
(A) 22
(B) 2.2
(C) 22
(D) 220
(E) 2200

61. A sphere of radius R carries charge density proportional to the square of the distance from the
center , where A is a positive constant. At a distance of R/2 from the center, the magnitude
of the electric field is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

62. Two capacitors of capacitor 1.0 microfarad and 2.0 microfarads each charged by being
connected across a 5.0-volt battery. They are disconnected from the battery and then connected to
each other with resistive wires so that plates of opposite charge are connected together. What will
be the magnitude of the final voltage across the 2.0-microfarad capacitor?
(A) 0 V
(B) 0.6 V
(C) 1.7 V
(D) 3.3 V
(E) 5.0 V

63. According to the Standard Model of elementary particles, which of the following is NOT a
composite object?
(A) Muon
(B) Pi-meson
(C) Neutron
(D) Deuteron
(E) Alpha particle

64. The binding energy of a heavy necleus is about 7 million electron volts per nucleon, where the
binding energy of a medium-weight nucleus is about 8 million electron volts per nucleon.
Therefore, the total kinetic energy liberated when a heavy nucleus ubdergoes symmetric fission is
most nearly
(A) 1876 MeV
(B) 958 MeV
(C) MeV
(D) MeV
(E) MeV

65. A man of mass m on an initially stationary boat gets off the boat by leaping to the left in an
exactly horizontal direction. Immediately after the leap, the boat, of mass M, is observed to be
moving to the right at speed v. How much work did the man do during the leap (both on his own
body and on the boat) ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

66. When it is about the same distance from the Sun ai is Jupiter, a spacecraft on a mission to the
outer planets has a speed that is 1.5 times the speed of Jupiter in its orbit. Which of the following
describes the orbit of the spcecraft about the Sun?
(A) Spiral
(B) Circle
(C) Ellipse
(D) Parabola
(E) Hyperbola

67. A black hole is an object whose gravitational field is so strong that even light cannot escape.
To what approximate radius would Earth (mass = 5.98×1024 kilograms) have to be compressed in
order to become a black hole?
(A) 1 nm
(B) 1 m
(C) 1 cm
(D) 100 m
(E) 10 km
 

68. A bead is constrained to slide on a frictionless rod that is fixed at an angle  with a vertical axis
and is rotating with angular frequency  about the axis, as shown above. Taking the distance s
along the rod as the variable, the Lagrangian for the bead is equal to

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Conductor
r

Vacuum
x

69. Two long conductors are arranged as shown above to form overlapping cylinders, each of
radius r, whose centers are separated by a distance d. Current of density J flows into the plane of
the page along the shaded part of one conductor and an equal current flows out of the plane of the
page along the shaded portion of the pther, as shown. What are the magnitude and direction of the
magnetic field at point A ?
(A) , in the +y-direction

(B) , in the +y-direction

(C) , in the y-direction

(D) , in the y-direction

(E) There is no magnetic field at A.

70. A charged particle, A, moving at a speed much less than c, decelerates uniformly. A second
particle, B, has one-half the mass, twice the charge, three times the velocity, and four times the
acceleration of particle A. According to classical electrodynamics, the ratio P B/PA of the powers
radiated is
(A) 16
(B) 32
(C) 48
(D) 64
(E) 72

d
r 

71. The figure above shows the trajectory of a particle that is deflected as it moves through the
uniform electric field between parallel plates. There is potential difference V and distance d
between the plates, and they have length L. The particle (mass m, charge q) has nonrelativistic
speed v before it enters the field, and its direction at this time is perpendicular to the field. For
small deflections, which of the following expressions is the best approximation of the deflection
angle  ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)
(E)

72. In a voltage amplifier , which of the following is NOT usually a result of introducing negative
feedback?
(A) Increased amplification
(B) Increased bandwidth
(C) Increased stability
(D) Decreased distortion
(E) Decreased voltage gain

73. The adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas is described by the equation PV  = C , where  and C
are constants. The work done by the gas in expanding adiabatically from the state ( V 1, P1) to (Vf,
Pf) is equal to

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

74. A body of mass m with specific heat C at temperature 500 K is brought into contact with an
identical body at temperature 100 K, and the two are isolated from their surroundings. The change
in entropy of the system is equal to
(A) (4/3) mC
(B) mC ln(9/5)
(C) mC ln(3)
(D)  mC ln(5/3)
(E) 0
 Outdoor Outdoor
Indoor Indoor
Glass Air

Glass Glass
4 mm 2mm

Window A Window B

75. Window A is a pane of glass 4 millimeters thick, as shown above. Window B is a sandwich
consisting of two extremely thin layers of glass seperated by an air gap 2 millimeters thick, as
shown above. If the thermal conductivities of glass and air are 0.8 watt/meter C and 0.025
watt/meter C, respectively, then the ratio of the heat flow through window A to the heat flow
through window B is
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 8
(D) 16
(E) 32

76. A gaussian wave packet travels through free space. Which of the following statements about
the wave packet are correct for all such wave packets?
I. The average momentum of the wave packet is zero.
II. The width of the wave packet increases with time, as t ∞
III. The amplitude of the wave packet remains constant with time.
IV. The narrower the wave packet is in momentum space, the wider it is in coordinate space.
(A) I and III only
(B) II and IV only
(C) I, II, and IV only
(D) II, III, and IV only
(E) I, II, III, and IV

77. Two ions, 1 and 2, at fixed separation, with spin angular momentum operators S 1 and S2, have
the interaction Hamiltonian H =  JS1  S2 , where J > 0. The values of S 12 and S22 are fixed at S1
(S1 +1) and S2 (S2 +1) , respectively. Which of the following is the energy of the ground state of
the system?
(A) 0

(B)

(C)
(D)

(E)

78. In an n-type semiconductors , which of the following is true of impurity atoms?

(A) They accept electrons from the filled valence band into empty energy levels just above the
valence band.
(B) They accept electrons from the filled valence band into empty energy levels just below the
valence band.
(C) They accept electrons from the conduction band into empty energy levels just below the
conduction band.
(D) They donate electrons to the filled valence band
(E) 不清楚

79. For an ideal diatomic gas equilibrium, the ratio of the molar heat capacity at constant volume
at very high temperature to that at very low temperature is equal to
(A) 1
(B) 5/3
(C) 2
(D) 7/3
(E) 4

 r

80. A string consists of two parts attached at x = 0. The right part of the string (x > 0) has mass r
per unit length and the left part of the string (x < 0) has mass l per unit length. The string tension
is T. If a wave of unit amplitude travels along the left part of the string, as shown in the figure
above, what is the amplitude of the wave that is transmitted to the right part of the string?
(A) 1

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E) 0
81. A piano tuner who wishes to tune the note D 2 corresponding to a frequency of 73.416 hertz has
tuned A4 to a frequency of 440,000 hertz. Which harmonic of D 2 counting the fundamental as the
first harmonic will give the lowest number of beats per second, and approximately how many
beats will this be when the two notes are tuned prperly?

82. 不清楚

v
d
x

2
k
83. Consider a particle moving without friction on a rippled surface, as shown above. Gravity acts
down in the negative h direction. The elevation height of the surface is given by h(x) = d cos(kx).
If the particle starts at x = 0 with a speed v in the x direction , for what values of v will the particle
stay on the surface at all time?
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

 

m1 m2

84. Two pendulums are attached to a massless spring, as shown above. The arms of the pendulums
are of identical length l, but the pendulum balls have unequal masses m 1 and m2. The initial
distance between the masses is the equilibrium length of the spring, which has spring constant K.
What is the highest normal mode frequency of the system?
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

85. Small amplitude standing waves of wavelength  occur on a string with tension T, mass per
unit length , and length L. One end of the string is fixed and the other end is attached to a ring of
mass M that slides on a frictionless rod, as shown in the figure above. When gravity is neglected,
which of the following conditions correctely determines the wavelength? (You might want to
consider the limiting cases M  0 and M  ∞)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

86. A positively charged particle is moving in the xy-plane in a region where there is a non-zero
uniform magnetic field B in the +z-direction. Which of the following is a possible trajectory for
the particle?
( A) y

(B) y

(C) y

( D) y

(E) y

x
 Fiber

B Field
Region

q Rod q

87. Two small pith balls, each carrying a charge q, are attached to the ends of a light rod of length
d, which is suspended from the ceiling by a thin torsion-free fiber, as shown in the figure above.
There is a uniform magnetic field B, pointing straight down, in the cylindrical region of radius R
around the fiber. The system is initially at rest. If the magnetic field is turned off, which of the
following describes what happens to the system?
(A) It rotates with angular momentum

(B) It rotates with angular momentum

(C) It rotates with angular momentum

(D) It does not rotate because to do so would violate conservation of angular momentum.
(E) It does not move because magnetic forces do no work.

c
b Iin = I
a

Iout = I

88. A coaxial cable has the cross section shown in the figure above. The shaded region is insulated.
The regions in which r<a and b<r<c are conducting. A uniform dc current density of total current I
flows along the inner part of the cable (r<a) and turns along the outer part of the cable (b<r<c) in
the directions shown. The radial dependence of the magnitude of the magnetic field, H, is shown
by which of the following?
( A) H

r
O a b c

(B) H

r
O a b c

(C) H

r
O a b c

( D) H

r
O a b c

(E) H

r
O a b c
  s 
P

89. A particle with charge q and momentum p is moving in the horizontal plane under the action of
a uniform vertical magnetic field of magnitude B. Measurements are made of the particle’s
trajectory to determine the “sagitta” s and half-chord length l, as shown in the figure above. Which
of the following expressions gives the particle’s momentum in terms of q, B, s, and l?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

90.

Oven Lens Sample

91. An experimenter needs to heat a small sample to 900 K, but the only available oven has a
maximum temperature of 600 K. Could the experimenter heat the sample to 900 K by using a
large lens to concentrate the radiation from the oven onto the sample, as shown above?
(A) Yes, if the volume of the oven is at least 3/2 the volume of the sample.
(B) Yes, if the area of the front of the oven is at least 3/2 the area of the front of the sample.
(C) Yes, if the sample is placed at the focal point of the lens.
(D) No, because it would violate conservation of energy.
(E) No, because it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.

92. A particle of mass m moves in a one-dimensional potential V(x) = ax2 + bx4, where a and b
are positive constants. The angular frequency of small oscillations about the minima of the
potential is equal to

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

V (x)

1 2
V kx , x  0
2
V  mgx, x  0

93. A particle of mass m moves in the potential shown above. The period of the motion when the
particle has energy E is
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

94. A system of N weakly interacting subsystems, each with two internal quantum states with
energies 0 and . The internal energy for this system at absolute temperature T is equal to
(A) N

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)
95. Which of the following curves is characteristic of the specific heat C v of a metal such as lead,
tin, or aluminum in the temperature region where it becomes superconducting?
( A) Cv

T
O

(B) Cv

T
O

(C) Cv

T
O

( D) Cv

T
O

(E) Cv

T
O
96. Which of the following reasons explains why a photon cannot decay to an electron and a
positron ( ) in free space?
(A) Linear momentum and energy are not both conserved.
(B) Linear momentum and angular momentum are not both conserved.
(C) Angular momentum and parity are not both conserved.
(D) Parity and strangeness are not both conserved.
(E) Charge and lepton number are not both conserved.

97. A particle of mass m has the wave function

where  and  are complex constants and  and k are real constants. The probability current
density is equal to which of the following (Note:  denotes the complex conjugate of , and 2
=.)
(A) 0
(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

98. A particle of mass m is acted on by a harmonic force with potential energy function V(x) =
m2x2 / 2 (a one-dimensional simple harmonic oscillator). If there is a wall at x = 0 so that V = ∞
for x < 0, then the energy levels are equal to
(A) 0,

(B) 0,

(C)

(D)

(E) 0,

99. The electronic energy levels of atoms of a certain gas are given by E n = E1 n2, where n = 1, 2,
3,… Assume that transitions are between all levels. If one wanted to construct a laser from this gas
by pumping the n = 1  n = 3 transition, which energy level or levels would have to be
metastable?
(A) n = 1 only
(B) n = 2 only
(C) n = 1 and n = 3 only
(D) n = 1 n = 2, and n = 3
(E) none

100. The operator , when operating on a harmonic energy eigenstate n

with energy En, produces another energy eigenstate whose energy is . Which of the

following is true?
I. commutes with the Hamiltonian
II. is a Hermitian operator and therefore an observeble
III. The adjoint operator
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only