CORE PROJECT REPORT

NAME: YASH DUBEY

EMPLOYEE CODE: PI/23/213T

PROJECT NAME: BASIC CHAT APPLICATION

LANGUAGE USED: PYTHON

TERMINAL BASED PROJECT

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 Basic Chat Application

INTRODUCTION
In today's digital age, communication has become an essential part of our daily lives. With the advent
of the internet, online communication has become increasingly popular, and chat applications have
become an integral part of our online experience. Chat applications have revolutionized the way we
communicate with each other, enabling us to connect with people from all over the world in real-
time. From social media platforms to messaging apps, chat applications have become an
indispensable tool for both personal and professional communication.
The importance of chat applications cannot be overstated. They have enabled us to connect with
others across geographical boundaries, facilitating global communication and collaboration.
Moreover, chat applications have also enabled businesses to connect with their customers, providing
them with a platform to offer customer support and services. With the increasing demand for online
communication, there is a growing need for simple, efficient, and reliable chat applications that can
cater to the needs of users.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to design and implement a terminal-based chat application that
enables multiple users to communicate with each other in real-time. The application will consist of a
server and multiple clients, where the server will act as a central hub for message exchange between
clients.
The primary goal of this project is to create a simple, efficient, and reliable chat application that can
be used by multiple users. The application will be designed to provide a user-friendly interface,
enabling users to send and receive messages in real-time. The project aims to achieve the following
objectives:
 To design and implement a terminal-based chat application using Python and socket
programming
 To enable multiple users to communicate with each other in real-time
 To provide a user-friendly interface for users to send and receive messages
 To ensure the reliability and efficiency of the chat application
 To test and evaluate the performance of the chat application

BACKGROUND
The terminal-based chat application is built using several key modules, each of which plays a
crucial role in the functioning of the application. These modules are:

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 1. socket Module
The socket module is a built-in Python module that provides support for socket
programming. It allows developers to create sockets, which are endpoints for communication
between devices in a network. In the context of this project, the socket module is used to
create sockets for establishing connections between the client and the server.

Socket Functions
The socket module provides several functions for creating and manipulating sockets. Here
are some of the most commonly used functions:
1. socket.socket([family[, type[, proto]]]): Creates a new socket object.
 family: The address family (e.g., AF_INET for IPv4 or AF_INET6 for IPv6).
 type: The socket type (e.g., SOCK_STREAM for TCP or SOCK_DGRAM for
UDP).
 proto: The protocol number (e.g., IPPROTO_TCP for TCP or IPPROTO_UDP for
UDP).
2. socket.bind(address): Binds the socket to a specific address and port.
3. socket.listen(backlog): Listens for incoming connections on the socket.
4. socket.accept(): Accepts an incoming connection and returns a new socket object.
5. socket.connect(address): Connects the socket to a remote address and port.
6. socket.send(data): Sends data over the socket.
7. socket.recv(bufsize): Receives data from the socket.
8. socket.close(): Closes the socket.

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 2. threading Module
The threading module is a built-in Python module that provides support for multithreading. It
allows developers to create threads, which are lightweight processes that can run
concurrently, improving the performance and responsiveness of the application. In the
context of this project, the threading module is used to create threads for handling client
connections and receiving messages. The threading module provides a powerful way to
create multithreaded applications in Python. With its various functions and synchronization
primitives, you can create efficient and responsive applications that take advantage of
multiple CPU cores.

Thread States
A thread can be in one of the following states:
1. Newborn: The thread is created but not yet started.
2. Runnable: The thread is ready to run but is waiting for the scheduler to allocate a time slice.
3. Running: The thread is currently executing.
4. Waiting: The thread is waiting for some event to occur (e.g., I/O completion).
5. Dead: The thread has finished execution.
Thread Functions
The threading module provides several functions for creating and manipulating threads.
Here are some of the most commonly used functions:
1. threading.Thread(target, args, kwargs): Creates a new thread object.
 target: The function to be executed by the thread.
 args: The arguments to be passed to the function.
 kwargs: The keyword arguments to be passed to the function.
2. thread.start(): Starts the thread.
3. thread.join(): Waits for the thread to finish execution.
4. thread.is_alive(): Returns True if the thread is alive, False otherwise.
5. threading.active_count(): Returns the number of active threads.

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 3. sys Module
The sys module is a built-in Python module that provides access to some variables used or
maintained by the interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter. In the
context of this project, the sys module is used to exit the program when an error occurs.
The sys module provides a powerful way to interact with the Python interpreter and access
system-specific parameters and functions. With its various variables and functions, you can
write more robust and flexible Python programs.

Functions
The sys module provides several functions that interact with the Python interpreter and the
system:
1. sys.exit([arg]): Exits the program with a given status code (default is 0).
2. sys.getdefaultencoding(): Returns the default encoding used by the Python interpreter.
3. sys.getfilesystemencoding(): Returns the encoding used by the file system.
4. sys.getrefcount(object): Returns the reference count of an object.
5. sys.getsizeof(object): Returns the size of an object in bytes.
6. sys.modules.keys(): Returns a list of all module names.
7. sys.path.insert(index, path): Inserts a path into the sys.path list at a given index.

4. os Module
The os module is a built-in Python module that provides a way to use operating system
dependent functionality. In the context of this project, the os module is used to clear the
terminal screen.

Variables
The os module provides several variables that provide information about the operating
system:
1. os.name: A string indicating the name of the operating system (e.g., 'posix', 'nt', 'ce', etc.).
2. os.sep: A string indicating the separator used by the operating system to separate paths (e.g.,
'/' on Unix, '\' on Windows).
3. os.altsep: A string indicating the alternative separator used by the operating system to
separate paths (e.g., '\' on Unix, '/' on Windows).

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 Process Management

1. os.abort(): Aborts the program immediately.

2. os.execl(path, arg0, arg1,...): Executes a new program in the current process.
3. os.execle(path, arg0, arg1,..., env): Executes a new program in the current process with a new
environment.
4. os.execv(path, args): Executes a new program in the current process with a list of arguments.
5. os.execve(path, args, env): Executes a new program in the current process with a list of
arguments and a new environment.

5. time Module
The time module is a built-in Python module that provides various time-related functions. In
the context of this project, the time module is used to add a delay between sending messages.
Variables
The time module provides several variables that provide information about the current time:
1. time.timezone: The offset in seconds from UTC to local time.
2. time.altzone: The offset in seconds from UTC to local DST time.
3. time.daylight: A boolean indicating whether DST is in effect.
Functions
The time module provides several functions that interact with time:
Time Retrieval
1. time.time(): Returns the current system time in seconds since the epoch (January 1, 1970).
2. time.clock(): Returns the current processor time in seconds.
3. time.perf_counter(): Returns the value of a performance counter, which is a clock with the
highest available resolution.
4. time.process_time(): Returns the sum of the system and user CPU time of the current
process.
Time Conversion
1. time.localtime([secs]): Converts a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a broken-
down time.
2. time.gmtime([secs]): Converts a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a broken-down
time in UTC.
3. time.mktime(t): Converts a broken-down time to a time expressed in seconds since the
epoch.
4. time.strftime(format[, t]): Converts a broken-down time to a string as specified by the
format argument.
5. time.strptime(string[, format]): Parses a string representing a time according to the format
argument.
Time Manipulation
1. time.sleep(secs): Suspends execution for a given number of seconds.
2. time.asctime([t]): Converts a broken-down time to a string in the format 'Sun Jun 20
23:21:05 1993'.
3. time.ctime([secs]): Converts a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a string in the
format 'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'.

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Hardware and Software Requirements
Hardware Requirements
For a basic chat application, you'll need a computer with the following minimum hardware
specifications:
1. Processor: A 1.5 GHz or faster processor, such as an Intel Core i3 or i5, or an AMD
equivalent.
2. Memory (RAM): At least 2 GB of RAM, but 4 GB or more is recommended, especially if
you plan to support multiple users.
3. Storage: A hard drive or solid-state drive (SSD) with at least 5 GB of free space, although 10
GB or more is recommended.
4. Operating System: A 32-bit or 64-bit operating system, such as:
 Windows 10 or later
 macOS High Sierra or later
 Linux (various distributions, such as Ubuntu, Debian, or Fedora)
5. Network: A stable internet connection, such as Wi-Fi or Ethernet, is required for the chat
application to communicate with the server.
Software Requirements
For a basic chat application, you'll need to install the following software:
1. Programming Language: A programming language, such as Python, JavaScript, or Java, to
develop the chat application.
2. Web Framework: A web framework, such as Flask or Django (for Python), Express.js (for
JavaScript), or Spring Boot (for Java), to build the chat application.
3. Database: A database management system, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB, to
store chat messages and user data.
4. Web Server: A web server, such as Apache or Nginx, to host the chat application.
5. Front-end Framework: A front-end framework, such as React, Angular, or Vue.js, to build
the user interface of the chat application.
6. Socket Library: A socket library, such as Socket.IO (for JavaScript) or Socket (for Python),
to enable real-time communication between the client and server.
Optional Software Requirements
Depending on the features you want to implement, you may also need to install additional software,
such as:
1. Authentication Library: An authentication library, such as Passport.js (for JavaScript) or
Authlib (for Python), to handle user authentication.
2. Encryption Library: An encryption library, such as OpenSSL (for JavaScript) or
cryptography (for Python), to encrypt chat messages.
3. Push Notification Service: A push notification service, such as Firebase Cloud Messaging
(FCM) or Apple Push Notification Service (APNs), to send push notifications to users.
System Configuration
To ensure optimal performance, you may need to configure your system settings, such as:
1. Environment Variables: You may need to set environment variables, such
as NODE_ENV or PYTHONPATH, to point to the chat application's dependencies.

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 2. System Settings: You may need to adjust system settings, such as the display resolution or
power management, to optimize performance.

CODING

Introduction
This coding report outlines the implementation details of the Period Tracker and Medical Advice
System in Python. The system is designed to provide a user-friendly interface for women to track
their menstrual cycles and receive personalized medical advice.
Technologies Used
 Frontend: Basic Python.
 Backend: Basic Python libraries.

Here'sa high-level overview of the coding theory for a basic chat application:
Architecture
A chat application typically consists of the following components:
1. Client: The user interface that users interact with to send and receive messages. This can be a
web application, mobile app, or desktop application.
2. Server: The backend component that handles message processing, storage, and retrieval.
3. Database: The storage system that holds chat messages, user data, and other relevant
information.
Communication Flow
Here's a high-level overview of the communication flow between the client and server:
1. Client: The user types a message and clicks the "Send" button.
2. Client: The client-side code (e.g., JavaScript) sends a request to the server with the message
data.
3. Server: The server-side code (e.g., Python, Node.js) receives the request and processes the
message.
4. Server: The server stores the message in the database.
5. Server: The server sends a response back to the client indicating that the message was
received.
6. Client: The client-side code updates the chat interface to display the new message.
7. Server: The server broadcasts the new message to all connected clients (if it's a group chat).

Technical Implementation
Here are some technical implementation details to consider:
1. WebSockets: WebSockets provide a bi-directional communication channel between the client
and server, enabling real-time communication.
2. Socket.IO: Socket.IO is a popular JavaScript library that provides a simple API for working
with WebSockets.

Code Snippets

Server-side code (server.py)

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 (i)

(ii)

Key Concepts

Here are some key concepts to consider when building a chat application:

1. Real-time Communication: The chat application needs to update in real-time to reflect new
messages.

2. Scalability: The application needs to handle multiple users and messages simultaneously.

3. Security: The application needs to ensure that messages are encrypted and secure.

4. Persistence: The application needs to store messages and user data persistently.

Client-side code (client.py)

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 (iii)

(iv)

OUTPUT SCREENSHOT

Here are the output screenshots of the outputs:

Output 1

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 Output 2

Output 3

Output 4

Output 5

FUTURE SCOPE

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Here are some potential future scope ideas for the chat application project:
Short-term (Next 3-6 months)
1. User Authentication: Implement user authentication using username/password or social
media login to allow users to create accounts and log in to the chat application.
2. Private Messaging: Add the ability for users to send private messages to each other, in
addition to group chats.
3. File Sharing: Allow users to share files with each other, such as images, videos, or
documents.
4. Emojis and Stickers: Add support for emojis and stickers to enhance the user experience.
5. Mobile Optimization: Optimize the chat application for mobile devices, including
responsive design and mobile-specific features.
Long-term (Next 1-2 years)
1. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Integrate AI and ML capabilities to enhance
the chat experience, such as:
 Sentiment analysis and emotional intelligence
 Personalized chat recommendations
 Automated chat moderation
2. Virtual and Augmented Reality: Explore the integration of virtual and augmented reality
technologies to create immersive chat experiences.
3. Blockchain and Cryptocurrency: Integrate blockchain technology and cryptocurrency
payments to enable secure and decentralized transactions.
Potential Monetization Strategies
1. Subscription-based Model: Offer users a subscription-based model with premium features,
such as advanced analytics or increased storage.
2. Advertising: Display targeted advertisements within the chat application, such as sponsored
messages or banners.
3. Transaction Fees: Charge transaction fees for cryptocurrency payments or other financial
transactions.
These are just a few ideas, and the future scope of the project can be tailored to meet the needs and
goals of the development team and stakeholders.

CONCLUSION

The future scope of the chat application project is vast and exciting, with numerous opportunities for
growth and innovation. By implementing the features and functionalities outlined in this document,
the chat application can become a leading platform for real-time communication and collaboration.
The chat application has the potential to revolutionize the way people communicate and interact with
each other, providing a seamless and intuitive user experience that meets the evolving needs of its
users. With its focus on security, scalability, and customization, the application can cater to a wide
range of users, from individuals to enterprises, and provide a robust and reliable platform for
communication and collaboration.
The development of the chat application is a complex and challenging task that requires careful
planning, execution, and testing. However, with a clear vision, a well-defined roadmap, and a
talented team of developers, designers, and project managers, the application can be developed and
launched successfully, providing a valuable service to its users and generating revenue for its
stakeholders.

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Ultimately, the success of the chat application will depend on its ability to meet the needs of its users,
provide a unique and compelling value proposition, and stay ahead of the competition through
continuous innovation and improvement. By focusing on the user experience, staying agile and
adaptable, and investing in marketing and user engagement, the chat application can become a
leading platform for real-time communication and collaboration, and achieve long-term success and
sustainability.

REFERENCES

Here are some references that were used to develop the Period Tracker project:
1. [Real Python. (2020). "Building a Simple Chat Application with Python." Retrieved
from https://realpython.com/building-a-simple-chat-application-with-python/
2. [GeeksforGeeks. (2020). "Simple Chat Room using Python." Retrieved
from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/simple-chat-room-using-python/
3. [Python.org. (2020). "Socket Programming in Python." Retrieved
from https://docs.python.org/3/howto/sockets.html
4. [Tutorialspoint. (2020). "Python - Socket Programming." Retrieved
from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_networking.htm
5. [FreeCodeCamp. (2020). "Build a Simple Chat App with Python and Socket.IO." Retrieved
from https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/build-a-simple-chat-app-with-python-and-socket-
io-6340787d93c/
6. [CodeProject. (2020). "A Simple Chat Program in Python." Retrieved
from https://www.codeproject.com/articles/5265506/a-simple-chat-program-in-python
7. [Edureka. (2020). "Python Chatbot Tutorial - Building a Simple Chatbot." Retrieved
from https://www.edureka.co/blog/python-chatbot-tutorial/
These references provide a comprehensive understanding of building a basic chat application in
Python, including socket programming, GUI development, and chatbot implementation.

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