PON Technology

June 2024
HEC - Telecom Solution Team
 Topics

1 Overview of Optical Network Access

2 Basic concepts of PON

3 GPON Technology

4 XGS-PON Technology

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Overview of OAN
• Internet Connection
• Why Fiber ?
• Optical Transmission Fundamentals
• Optical Network Access
• PON vs AON concepts
Internet Connections

Faster
• Fiber

• Cable

• DSL

• Wireless

Slower
• Satellite
 Why Fiber ?

- CPE: Customer Premises Equipment

- ADSL: Asymmetric digital subscriber line
- VDSL: Very high-speed digital subscriber line
- DSLAM: Digital subscriber line access multiplexer

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Why Fiber ?

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Optical Data Transmission
 Optical: relating to light
 Laser can be used to transmit a beam of light
 Optical receiver can detect a beam of light
 By pointing a laser at an optical receiver, I can transmit a signal to it.

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Optical Transceivers

Transmitter Receiver

Transceiver

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Optical Signal
 Two states:
 Laser OFF = “0”
 Laser ON = “1”
 Each “1” or “0” in a transmission is called a bit

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 Fiber Optic Cable

- Glass tube capable of bending light

- Can direct a laser beam through a fiber optic cable to a receiver
- Fiber has a max bending radius, if you bend it too far, the light escapes out the sides

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Optical Access Network – FTTX (Fiber To The X)

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PON vs AON Concepts

Passive Optical Network Active Optical Network

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PON vs AON Concepts
 SWITCH LIGHTSMART LAYER 2
 OLT Huawei 5800-X17
V2224G-OP
 272 x GPON Port
 24 Base-X Port
 HxWxD: 493mm x 287 mm x 486mm
 HxWxD: 44mmx440mm×300 mm
 Serving ~8000 subscribers
 More than 300 switches are needed
to serve 8,000 subscribers

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PON vs AON Concepts

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Basic Concepts of PON
• Evolution of PON
• What is PON ?
• PON Installation
• Main PON Vendors
PON Evolution

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 PON Evolution
- EPON: Ethernet Passive Optical Network
- GPON: Gigabit Passive Optical Network
- XG-PON: 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical network
- XGS-PON: 10-Gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network
- NG-PON2: Next-Generation Passive Optical Network 2

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Comparison Between GPON and EPON

GPON EPON

Standard ITU IEEE

Rate 2.488G/1.244G 1.25G/1.25G

Split Ratio Upto 1:128 Upto 1:32

Data encapsulation mode GEM/ATM Ethernet

Broadband efficiency 92% 72%

(2300Mbps) (900Mbps)

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 What is PON ?
- PON is a kind of passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point architecture.
- PON is short for Passive Optical Network.
- PON consists of:
• Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
• Optical Network Terminal (ONT) / Optical Network Unit (ONU)
• Optical Distribution Network(ODN).

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OLT – Optical Line Terminal
Different types of OLT OLT Functions
- Converts electrical signals from the ISP’s
equipment into PON signals to be sent by the
passive optical network.
- Multiplexing and sends data over a single fiber
optic cable to a passive optical beam splitter,
which then sends the fiber optic signals to
multiple ONT/ONU.
- Distributing bandwidth among connected
customers to ensure reliable communication.
Components of OLT
- Enabling service providers to manage the
Control Board Line Card Power Unit network, monitor performance, and
troubleshoot faults.

Chassis
Fan Module SFP Module

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ONT – Optical Network Terminal
Different types of OLT ONT Functions

- The ONT converts the light into electrical

signals using an optical interface.
- The ONT transmits the data via one or
more Ethernet ports to a router, computer or
other connected devices, delivering internet
access to your end users.
- In reverse, the ONT converts data your users
generate into optical signals and transmits
Components of ONT them to the internet over the fiber optic
network.

BOSA – Bidirectional
Optical Sub-Assembly

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ODN – Optical Distribution Network Passive Accessories

Splitter 1/8 Splitter 1/32 Optical Distribution

Frame(ODF)

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PON Installation

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PON Installation

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Installation 1: OLT & ODF

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Installation 2: Arrival of Optical Fiber Cable

Optical Fiber Cable

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Installation 3: Arrival of Optical Fiber Cable – Splitter Box

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Installation 4: Subcriber Connection Box

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Installation 5: ONT

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Main PON Vendors
- ADTRAN (USA) - Huawei (China)
- Allied Telesis (Japan) - NEC (Japan)
- Altice Labs (Portugal) - Nokia (Finland – Ex – Alcatel-Lucent)
- Calix (USA) - Raisecom (China: Implement PON Network in
Nigeria)
- Cisco (USA)
- Tellabs (USA)
- DASAN (Korea, Ex - Zhone)
- ZTE (China)
- FiberHome (China)
- VNPT Technology (Vietnam)
- Fujistu (Japan)

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GPON Technology
• GPON Principle
• Control Message in GPON
• GPON Standards
• GPON Basic Parameters
• Interoperability Problems
 GPON Principle – Data Multiplexing
- GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-direction communication over a
single fiber.
- To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber, GPON adopts two multiplexing
mechanisms:
• In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner.
• In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
 GPON Principle – Downstream Data

- Downstream packets are forwarded as broadcasts, with the same data sent to all the same ONU/ONT
- Allows an ONU/ONT to receive the desired data by ONU ID.

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 GPON Principle – Upstream Data

Upstream packet transmission occurs through TDMA (time division multiple access)
- Distance between the OLT and ONT/ONU is measured.
- Time slots are allocated based on distance.
- ONT/ONU sends traffic upstream based on granted time slot.

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Control Message in GPON
 The ITU-PON Standards define two types of control messages:
 Physical layer OAM (PLOAM) messaging channel:
o ONU activation/deactivation,
o OMCI channel establishment
o Encryption configuration and key management
 ONU management and control interface (OMCI). OMCI is used by the OLT to manage the ONUs in
the following areas:
o Configuration
o Fault management
o Performance management
o Security management

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Control Message in GPON

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GPON Standards

ITU-T G.984.1 ITU-T G.984.2

 Specifications of ODN parameters
 Parameter description of GPON Network  Specifications of 2.488Gbps downstream
 Requirements of protection switch-over optical port
networking
 Specifications of 1.244Gbps upstream optical
port
 Overhead allocation at physical layer

ITU-T G.984.3 ITU-T G.984.4

 Specifications of TC layer in the GPON system
 GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol
 OMCI message format
stack  OMCI device management frame
 GTC frame  OMCI working principle
 ONU registration and activation
 DBA specifications
 Alarms and performance

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GPON Basic Parameters
Items Items Unit Single Fiber
Maximum logical reach 60km OLT: OLT
Maximum physical reach 20km Mean launched power MIN dBm +1.5
Maximum differential fiber distance 20km Mean launched power MAX dBm +5
Split ratio 1:64 Minimum sensitive dBm -28
upto Minimum overload dBm -8
1:128
ONU: ONU
Mean launched power MIN dBm +1.5
Mean launched power MAX dBm +5
Minimum sensitive dBm -27
Minimum overload dBm -8

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Interoperability Problems

Interoperability Problems !!!

It’s the ONU!! It’s the OLT!!
OLT Vendor ONT Vendor

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Interoperability Problems – Why Do They Happen ?
 OMCI is the major cause for interoperability problems, due to difference in the OMCI implementations
of different vendor and different model.
 Some of the complexities in OMCI:
 About 400 different types of “Managed Entities” (Mes), but only a subset is mandatory.
o Every ME has various attributes with allowed values.
 More than 300 additional classed reserved for vendor-specific use
 Around 20 different versions and amendments of OMCI published from 2004 to 2020, not
everything is backward compatible.

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Success Stories of VNPT Technology
OLT Vendor: Huawei,
ZTE, Nokia, Dasan

Compatible!!!

GPON Analyzer
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XGS-PON Technology
• Motivation To Promote 10G PON
• Main Parameters of 10G PON
• XGS-PON Standards
• XGS-PON Basic Parameters
Motivation To Promote 10G PON
• Lưu lượng data tăng nhanh phục vụ
cho các dịch vụ mới.
Băng thông tăng chiều down
Băng thông thấp • Số lượng thiết bị sử dụng Internet cao hơn gấp 4 lần, băng thông
ngày càng tăng chiều up cao hơn gấp 8 lần

Phục vụ được ít thuê • Tăng băng thông cho các thuê bao Phục vụ được nhiều thuê bao
bao khi tăng băng thông làm giảm số lượng thuê bao có thể hơn với tốc độ cao hơn
cho thuê bao phục vụ trên một PON port

Hiệu suất khai thác hạ

Chi phí đầu tư vào ODN • 70% chi phí triển khai là chi phí ODN tầng quang cao hơn. Sử dụng
lớn chung ODN với mạng GPON

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Main Parameters of 10G PON
GPON XG-PON XGS-PON NG-PON2
Gigabit Passive Optical 10-Gigabit-capable Passive 10 Gigabit Symmetrical 40-Gigabit-capable passive
Networks Optical Networks Passive Optical Networks optical networks
Standard ITU-T G.984 ITU-T G.987,2009 ITU-T G9807.1, 2016 ITU G.989, 2015
Wavelength Downstream: 1480-1500 nm Downstream: 1575-1580 nm Downstream: 1575-1580 nm Downstream: 1596-1603 nm
Upstream: 1290-1330 nm Upstream: 1260-1280 nm Upstream: 1260-1280 nm Upstream: 1524-1544 nm
Center Downstream: 1490nm Downstream: 1577nm Downstream: 1577nm Downstream: 1600nm
wavelength Upstream: 1310nm Upstream: 1270nm Upstream: 1270nm Upstream: 1534nm
Max Line Rate Downstream: 2.5Gbit/s Downstream: 10Gbit/s Downstream: 10Gbit/s Downstream: 40Gbit/s
Upstream: 1.2Gbit/s Upstream: 2.5Gbit/s Upstream: 10Gbit/s Upstream: 40Gbit/s
Frame GEM XGEM XGEM --
Structure
Max Split Ratio 1:128 1:256 1:256 1: 256
GTC 38kB/19kB trong mỗi 125us 152kB/38kB trong mỗi 125us 152kB/152kB trong mỗi 125us Tăng số cặp bước sóng
quang lên 4 cặp, kích thước
khung truyền dữ liệu trên 1
cặp bước sóng quang tương
đương XGSPON
Multiplexing TDMA(up)/TDM(Down) TDMA(up)/TDM(Down TDMA(up)/TDM(Down TWDM
method
OAM ITU-T G.984.4 ITU-T G.988 ITU-T G.988 ITU-T G.988

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ITU PON Wavelength Plan

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XGS-PON Standards

ITU-T G.9807.1 ITU-T G.987.2

 Specifications of ODN parameters
 Parameter description of XGS-PON Network  Specifications of 9.95328Gbps downstream optical
 Requirements of protection switch-over port
networking  Specifications of 9.95328Gbps upstream optical
port
 Overhead allocation at physical layer

ITU-T G.987.3 ITU-T G.988

 Specifications of TC layer in the XGS-PON system  OMCI message format
 GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol stack  OMCI device management frame
 GTC frame  OMCI working principle
 ONU registration and activation
 DBA specifications
 Alarms and performance

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XGS-PON Basic Parameters
Items Items Unit Single Fiber
Maximum logical reach 60km OLT: OLT
Maximum physical reach 20km Mean launched power MIN dBm +2
Maximum differential fiber distance 20km Mean launched power MAX dBm +5
Split ratio 1:64 Minimum sensitive dBm -26
upto Minimum overload dBm -5
1:256
ONU: ONU
Mean launched power MIN dBm +4
Mean launched power MAX dBm +9
Minimum sensitive dBm -28
Minimum overload dBm -9

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Q&A