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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

PROJECT REPORT:

Password Based Circuit Breaker

COURSE NAME: Electronic Devices & Circuits

GROUP MEMBERS:

M. Hassan Akram (413902)

Umer Farooq (413512)
M. Abdullah (410849)
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Acknowledgement

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

I would like to begin by thanking Almighty Allah for His guidance and strength, which
enabled me to complete this report. Without His blessings, none of this would have been
possible. My deepest gratitude goes to Professor Muhammad Khuram for his invaluable
support, guidance, and insightful feedback throughout the preparation of this report. His
encouragement and dedication to our success have been instrumental in reaching this
milestone. I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to my group members for
their hard work, collaboration, and creativity. Their contributions and teamwork have
made this report a reality, and I am thankful to have worked with such dedicated
individuals. Finally, I would like to thank everyone else who contributed to this report,
directly or indirectly. Your support and encouragement have made a significant
difference. May Allah continue to guide and bless us in all our endeavors.
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Table of Contents
➢ ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... 5
➢ INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 5
• PROJECT OVERVIEW
• MOTIVATION AND PURPOSE
• SCOPE OF THIS PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

➢ PROBLEM STATEMENT ................................................................................ 7

➢ OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................... 8
• DESIGN HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
• IMPLEMENT SECURE PASSWORD ENTRY
• INTEGRATE DEVICE CONTROL MECHANISM
• DEVELOP REAL TIME FEEDBACK INTERFACE
• ENSURE ROBUST PASSWORD VERIFICATION
• TEST AND VALIDATE THE CONTROL SYSTEM
• DOCUMENT DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION

➢ METHODOLGY ................................................................................................ 9
• INTEGRATION APPROACH
• COMPONENTS
• EXPLANATION
➢ REQUIRED RESOURCES ............................................................................. 13
➢ RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 14
• HARDWARE PATCHING
• CODE SNIPPETS
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➢ CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 16
➢ REFRENCES .................................................................................................... 17
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ABSTRACT:
This project introduces a password-based control system enabling users to manage various devices
through a secure and user-friendly interface. Users enter passwords via a keypad to control the
operation of connected devices, ensuring authorized access. The system features an LCD panel
that provides real-time instructions and feedback, enhancing user interaction and system
transparency. By displaying prompts and confirmation messages, the LCD guides users through
the process, improving ease of use and reducing errors. This system is designed to be versatile and
adaptable, suitable for applications in home automation, industrial control, and security systems.
The integration of password authentication and clear user communication ensures a robust,
efficient, and secure method for device control.

INTRODUCTION:
In modern times, the demand for automated systems that ensure both convenience and security has
significantly increased. This project focuses on developing a password-based control system
designed to allow users to manage various devices securely and efficiently. The system utilizes a
keypad for password entry and an LCD panel for providing real-time instructions and feedback,
ensuring an intuitive user experience. Below is a detailed overview of the project's goals,
components, and potential applications.

• Project Overview
The primary goal of this project is to create a system that enables users to control different
devices using a password. This password-based approach ensures that only authorized
individuals can operate the devices, enhancing security. The system is designed to be user-
friendly, with an LCD panel that provides clear instructions and feedback to the user
throughout the operation process.

• Motivation and Purpose

The motivation behind this project stems from the need for secure and convenient control
systems in various domains, including home automation, industrial control, and security
systems. Traditional control methods often lack the necessary security measures, making
them vulnerable to unauthorized access. By incorporating a password-based mechanism,
this project aims to address these security concerns while maintaining ease of use.

• Scope:
The scope of this project encompasses the development and implementation of a password-
based control system that can be utilized across various domains. The system is designed
to be highly adaptable, allowing for integration with multiple types of devices and
applications. Key areas of application include:
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➢ Home Automation: Control of household appliances, lighting systems, and

security features such as door locks.
➢ Industrial Control: Management of machinery, production lines, and safety
systems in industrial environments.
➢ Security Systems: Restricting access to secure areas, managing entry points, and
safeguarding sensitive information.

• Significance:
The significance of this project lies in its potential to enhance both security and
convenience in various settings. By implementing a password-protected control
mechanism, the system:
➢ Enhances Security: Prevents unauthorized access to critical devices and systems,
thereby protecting assets and sensitive information.
➢ Improves User Experience: The user-friendly interface, featuring an LCD panel
for instructions and feedback, simplifies the control process and reduces the
likelihood of user errors.
➢ Offers Versatility: The adaptable nature of the system makes it suitable for a wide
range of applications, from residential to industrial, ensuring broad applicability.
➢ Promotes Efficiency: Automating device control through a password-based
system streamlines operations, reducing the need for manual intervention and
increasing operational efficiency.
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PROBLEM STATEMENT:

In today's era of technological advancement, the need for secure and efficient control systems for
various devices has become increasingly evident. However, many existing control systems lack
essential functionalities such as secure access control, user-friendly interfaces, and real-time
feedback mechanisms. This gap presents a significant challenge, especially in applications where
security, ease of use, and adaptability are paramount.

The problem at hand is the absence of a comprehensive control system that seamlessly combines
these crucial features into a single cohesive platform. Traditional control methods often rely on
simple switches or remote controls, which lack the necessary security measures to prevent
unauthorized access, limiting their practical utility. Similarly, standalone security systems may
excel in preventing unauthorized access but lack user-friendly interfaces that provide clear
guidance and feedback.

Furthermore, the complexity of integrating diverse technologies such as password entry via a
keypad, real-time feedback through an LCD panel, and a microcontroller for processing inputs and
controlling outputs poses additional challenges. Designing a robust and scalable solution that can
address these technical hurdles while remaining accessible to hobbyists, educators, and
professionals is a non-trivial task.

Therefore, the problem statement revolves around the development of a password-based control
system capable of addressing these challenges. This system should offer secure access control via
password entry, a user-friendly interface with real-time feedback, and seamless operation for
controlling various devices. By addressing these key requirements, the resulting control system
would not only showcase the capabilities of modern security and automation technologies but also
unlock a myriad of potential applications across various domains, ranging from home automation
and industrial control to education and research.
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OBJECTIVES:
This project requires a series of objectives to be achieved and goals to be followed. Some of its
goals and objectives are outlined below:

• Design Hardware Architecture:

Develop a robust hardware layout by selecting appropriate components such as keypads,
microcontrollers, LCD panels, and relay modules.

• Implement Secure Password Entry:

Create a secure password entry mechanism using a keypad, ensuring the accuracy and
reliability of user inputs.

• Develop Real-Time Feedback Interface:

Design and implement an intuitive interface on an LCD panel to provide real-time
instructions and feedback, enhancing user interaction and system transparency.

• Integrate Device Control Mechanism:

Develop and integrate control algorithms to manage various connected devices based on
the authenticated password entry.

• Ensure Robust Password Verification:

Implement and optimize password verification algorithms within the microcontroller to
ensure secure and efficient processing of user inputs.

• Test and Validate the Control System:

Conduct comprehensive testing to ensure reliability, performance, and security under
various conditions, including password entry, verification, and device control.

• Document Design and Implementation:

Create detailed documentation covering hardware schematics, software algorithms, and
testing procedures to serve as a reference for future development and knowledge sharing
within the automation and security communities.
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METHODOLOGY:

This project follows a systematic approach to develop a secure password-based control system for
various devices. Initially, we analyze the project requirements to determine necessary
functionalities, such as secure password entry, user feedback, and device control. We then select
appropriate hardware components, including keypads, microcontrollers, LCD panels, and relay
modules, based on their compatibility and reliability. Next, we develop software and firmware for
the microcontroller to handle password entry, verification, and device control, while programming
the LCD panel for real-time feedback. Hardware and software components are integrated, followed
by extensive testing to ensure functionality, reliability, and security. Throughout the process, we
iterate on the design and optimize performance based on testing outcomes. Finally, we document
the entire design and implementation process, including hardware schematics, software
algorithms, and testing procedures, to facilitate future development and knowledge sharing. This
methodology ensures a robust and versatile password-based control system.

• Integration Approach:

The integration approach for this password-based control system involves sequentially
combining hardware and software components to ensure seamless operation. Initially,
hardware components such as the keypad, microcontroller, LCD panel, and relay modules
are assembled and connected according to the designed schematics. Concurrently, software
and firmware are developed and tested individually. The microcontroller firmware is then
integrated with the keypad for password entry and verification, followed by interfacing the
LCD for real-time feedback. Finally, the relay modules are connected to control the
devices. Comprehensive testing and debugging are conducted throughout to ensure reliable
and secure system performance.

• Components:
1. Arduino Uno
2. 4x4 Keypad Matrix
3. Liquid Crystal 12C LCD
4. Bread Board
5. 4 Channel Relay Module
6. Jumper Wires
7. Power Supply
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• Explanation:

➢ Arduino Uno:
The Arduino Uno acts as the central microcontroller for the project, processing
inputs from the keypad and managing the control of connected devices. It runs the
software algorithms necessary for password verification and device control. The
Arduino Uno interfaces with all other components, ensuring smooth and
coordinated operations.

➢ 4x4 Keypad Matrix:

The 4x4 Keypad Matrix serves as the primary input device for users to enter
passwords. It consists of 16 keys arranged in a matrix, providing sufficient
combinations for secure password entry. The keypad's inputs are read by the
Arduino Uno to authenticate user access.

➢ Liquid Crystal 12C LCD:

The Liquid Crystal 12C LCD provides real-time visual feedback to the user,
displaying instructions, status messages, and results of password entries. It
enhances user interaction by making the system more intuitive and user-friendly.
The LCD is connected to the Arduino Uno, which controls its output.
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➢ Bread Board:
The breadboard is used for prototyping and assembling the electronic circuits
without soldering. It allows for easy connections and modifications of the circuit
components, facilitating the testing and debugging process. The breadboard
connects components like the keypad, LCD, and Arduino Uno through jumper
wires.

➢ 4 Channel Relay Module:

The 4 Channel Relay Module controls the power to the connected devices based
on the Arduino Uno's commands. Each relay acts as a switch, allowing the
microcontroller to turn devices on or off securely. This module ensures that the
high-power devices can be controlled by the low-power signals from the Arduino.
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➢ Power Supply:

The power supply provides the necessary voltage and current to the entire system.
It ensures that the Arduino Uno, keypad, LCD, and relay module operate within
their required power specifications. A stable power supply is crucial for the
consistent and reliable performance of the system.
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REQUIRED RESOURCES:
The required resources needed for this project to complete are given below:

➢ Software Tools:
• Arduino IDE: The required Arduino IDE for the programming of the code of this project.
Here is the link to download it. “ https://www.arduino.cc/en/software/”
• Libraries for the program: There are few libraries needed to install for this like the
keypad library for keypad matrix and Liquid crystal L2C LCD Display library for the
display features.

➢ Hardware Tools:
• Arduino Uno: The different features and documentation of Arduino uno can be seen in
this link https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3
• 4x4 Keypad Matrix: The documentation of Keypad Matrix can be seen through this link
“4x4 Matrix Keypad Module - 16 Keys | How it’s Works » ElectroDuino”
• Liquid Crystal 12C LCD: The documentation of Liquid Crystal 12C LCD is in this link
Arduino - LCD I2C | Arduino Tutorial (arduinogetstarted.com)
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RESULTS:
The following are the results which have been concluded from our project. Below are the patching
of the circuit and the code snippets of our project.

• Hardware Patching:
The below is the patching of the hardware of the project Password Based Circuit Breaker.

Hardware Patching
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Code Snippets:
Below are the code snippets of the program written in Arduino IDE for the processing of
password based circuit breaker and then showing its feedback on 12C LCD.

Code snippets of different passwords

Code Snippets for checking of password and displaying on LCD

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CONCLUSION:
In summary, the password-based control system project embodies a significant leap forward in
device management and security paradigms. Through the harmonious integration of hardware
components such as the Arduino Uno, 4x4 keypad matrix, I2C LCD, and 4-channel relay
module, we have engineered a robust platform that guarantees secure access control to a myriad
of devices. The seamless user interaction, facilitated by the intuitive interface comprising LCD
feedback and keypad input, not only enhances user experience but also ensures operational
simplicity. Rigorous testing procedures and meticulous documentation have validated the
reliability, performance, and scalability of the system, underscoring its suitability for diverse
applications. Beyond its immediate impact on enhancing device security, this project serves as a
cornerstone for future advancements in automation, security, and user-centric design. By
encapsulating a comprehensive blend of technological innovation, rigorous testing
methodologies, and meticulous documentation, the password-based control system project
epitomizes a transformative force poised to reshape the landscape of device management and
security in both residential and industrial domains.
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REFERENCES:
These are the following references which have been taken from the internet to complete and
implement this project:
• Arduino Uno Pinout, Specifications, Pin Configuration & Programming
(components101.com)
• Arduino - Keypad | Arduino Tutorial (arduinogetstarted.com)
• How To Use A Breadboard - The Beginner's Guide (build-electronic-circuits.com)
• LiquidCrystal - Arduino Reference
• Software | Arduino
• Arduino - 4-Channel Relay Module | Arduino Tutorial (arduinogetstarted.com)
• aai.solutions/documents/AA_DS210A_PSup12V.pdf