6

chaptersi
x
Threads
and Fasteners

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

• Learn thread terminology and conventions

• Learn how to use standard-sized threads
• Learn how to draw threads
• Learn how to use and size washers, nuts, and
• Learn how to size both internal and external setscrews
threads

Introduction
This chapter explains how to draw threads and washers. It also explains
how to select fasteners and how to design using fasteners, washers, and
keys.
Threads are created in Inventor using either the Hole or the Thread
tool located on the Modify panel under the 3D Model tab. See Figure 6-1.
Predrawn fasteners may be accessed using the Content Center tool.
The Content Center library is explained later in the chapter.

301
 The Hole tool The Thread tool
Figure 6-1

2 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Figure 6-2

Thread Terminology
crest: The peak of a thread. Figure 6-2 shows a thread. The peak of a thread is called the crest, and
root: The valley of a thread. the valley portion is called the root. The major diameter of a thread is the
major diameter: The distance distance across the thread from crest to crest. The minor diameter is the
across a thread from crest to distance across the thread from root to root.
crest.
minor diameter: The distance
across a thread from root to
root. Thread Callouts—Metric Units
Threads are specified on a drawing using drawing callouts. See Figure 6-3.
The M at the beginning of a drawing callout specifies that the callout is for
a metric thread. Holes that are not threaded use the [ symbol.

Figure 6-3

The number following the M is the major diameter of the thread. An

M10 thread has a major diameter of 10 mm. The pitch of a metric thread
is assumed to be a coarse thread unless otherwise stated. The callout
M10 3 30 assumes a coarse thread, or a thread length of 1.5 mm per
thread. The number 30 is the thread length in millimeters. The “3” is read
as “by,” so the thread is called a “ten by thirty.”
The callout M10 3 1.25 3 30 specifies a pitch of 1.25 mm per thread.
This is not a standard coarse thread size, so the pitch must be specified.
Figure 6-4 shows a listing of standard metric thread sizes. Other sizes
may be located by scrolling through the given nominal sizes. Inventor lists
metric threads according to ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
Metric M Profile standards.
Whenever possible use preferred thread sizes for designing. Preferred
thread sizes are readily available and are usually cheaper than nonstand-
ard sizes. In addition, tooling such as wrenches is also readily available for
preferred sizes.

301
 Chapter 6
Available thread
An external thread
sizes

Figure 6-4

Thread Callouts—ANSI Unified Screw Threads

ANSI Unified screw threads (English units) always include a thread form
specification. Thread form specifications are designated by capital letters,
as shown in Figure 6-5, and are defined as follows.
UNC—Unified National Coarse UNF—
Unified National Fine UNEF—Unified
National Extra Fine
UN—Unified National, or constant-pitch threads
An ANSI (English units) thread callout starts by defining the major
diameter of the thread followed by the pitch specification. The callout .500-
13 UNC means a thread whose major diameter is .500 in. with 13 threads
per inch. The thread is manufactured to the UNC standards.
There are three possible classes of fit for a thread: 1, 2, and 3. The
different class specifications specify a set of manufacturing tolerances.
A class 1 thread is the loosest, and a class 3 the most exact. A class 2 fit
is the most common.
The letter A designates an external thread, B an internal thread. The
symbol 3 means “by” as in 2 3 4, “two by four.” The thread length (3.00)
may be followed by the word LONG to prevent confusion about which value
represents the length.
Pitch is defined as 1/number of threads per inch. ANSI English thread
callouts specify the number of threads per inch, so, for example, a .500-13
UNC thread would have a pitch equal to 1/13, or .077 inch. ANSI metric
thread designations specify the pitch directly.
Drawing callouts for ANSI (English unit) threads are sometimes short-
ened, such as in Figure 6-5. The callout .500-13 UNC-2A 3 3.00 LONG
is shortened to .500-13 3 3.00. Only a coarse thread has 13 threads per
inch, and it should be obvious whether a thread is internal or external,
so these specifications may be dropped. Most threads are class 2, so it is
tacitly accepted that all threads are class 2 unless otherwise specified. The

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 303

 Detailed representation

Figure 6-5

shortened callout form is not universally accepted. When in doubt, use a

complete thread callout.
A listing of standard ANSI (English unit) threads, as presented in
Inventor, is shown in Figure 6-6. Some of the drill sizes listed use num-
bers and letters. The decimal equivalents to the numbers are listed in
Figure 6-6.

Figure 6-6 The decimal equivalents for threads

specifed by numbers

#1 O.073
#2 O .086
#3 O.090
#4 O.112
#5 O.126
#6 O.138
#8 O.164
#10 O.190
#12 O.216

A listing of standard
thread sizes

304 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Thread Representations

Chapter 6
There are three ways to graphically represent threads on a technical draw-
ing: detailed, schematic, and simplified. Figure 6-5 shows an external
detailed representation, and Figure 6-7 shows both the external and inter-
nal simplified and schematic representations.

Drawing thread representations

External Internal

Simplified

Schematic
Figure 6-7

Figure 6-8 shows an internal and an external thread created using

Inventor. The threads will automatically be sized to the existing hole.
Threads may be created only around existing holes and cylinders.

Inventor thread representations

Internal thread

External thread

Figure 6-8

Internal Threads
Figure 6-9 shows a 20 3 30 3 10 box with a [6.0 hole drilled through its
center. The hole was created using the Hole tool.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 305

 An existing hole

Figure 6-9

EXERCISE 6-1 Adding Threads to an Existing Hole

O Click on the Thread tool located on the Modify panel under the 3D
Model tab.
The Thread dialog box will appear. See Figures 6-4, 6-6, and 6-9.
A Click on the existing hole (the internal surface).
The threads will automatically be created to match the hole’s diameter.
Because the hole’s diameter is 6.0, an M6 3 1 thread is created.

# Click OK.
Figure 6-10 shows the resulting threaded hole.

A thread added to
the existing hole

Thread listed in
browser box

Figure 6-10 Figure 6-11

When a thread is added to an existing hole, a thread listing will be

included in the browser box. See Figure 6-11. The listing will confirm that
a thread has been added, but it will not define the size or type of thread.

EXERCISE 6-2 Determining the Thread Size

O Right-click on the Hole1 listing in the browser box.

A dialog box will appear. See Figure 6-12.

A Select the Show Dimensions option.

306 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Figure 6-13 shows the resulting dimensions. The dimensions define

Chapter 6
the hole’s diameter, and because Inventor will match the thread size to the
existing hole diameter, the thread is an M6.

1. Right-click here

2. Click here
Hole’s diameter

Figure 6-12 Figure 6-13

Threaded Blind Holes

The internally threaded holes presented in the last section passed com-
pletely through the material. This section shows how to draw holes that do
not pass completely through the object but have a defined depth.
Figure 6-14 shows a tapped hole. It is drawn using the simplified
representation. Note that there are three separate portions to the hole’s
representation: the threaded portion, the unthreaded portion, and the
120° conical point. Only the threaded portion of the tapped hole is used to
define the hole’s depth. The unthreaded portion and the conical point are
shown but are not included in the depth calculation.
Figure 6-14

The threaded portion of

the hole; this defines the
depth of the hole.

Unthreaded portion of the

hole; it is not included in the
defined length of the hole.
The length of the unthreaded
portion equals at least 2P.

120˚ conical point – not included

in the depth value.

A tapped hole is manufactured by first drilling a pilot hole that is

slightly smaller than the major diameter of the threads. The threads are
then cut into the side of the pilot hole using a tapping bit. The tapping bit
has no cutting edges on its bottom surface, so if it strikes the bottom of

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 307

 the hole, the bit can be damaged. Convention calls for the unthreaded por-
tion of the pilot hole to extend about the equivalent of two thread pitches
(2P) beyond the end of the threaded portion. The conical portion is added
to the bottom surface of the pilot hole.

Drawing a Threaded Blind Hole—Metric

Figure 6-15 shows a 20 3 30 3 30 box with an existing [8 3 16 deep hole.
The Thread tool will automatically apply an M8 thread to the [8 hole.
Figure 6-15
O8 x 16 hole

A distance equal to two pitches (2P) is recommended between the bot-

tom of the hole and the end of the threads. One pitch equals 1.25 mm, so
2P 5 2.50 mm. The existing hole is 16 mm, so the thread depth is 13.5 mm.

NOTE
The 2P recommendation is a minimal value. Distances of 3P, 4P, or greater may be used
depending on the application.

EXERCISE 6-3 Creating a Threaded Blind Hole

O Click on the Thread tool on the Modify panel located under the 3D
Model tab.
The Thread dialog box will appear. See Figure 6-16.
The Face tool will automatically be activated.
A Select Face by clicking the internal surface of the hole.
# Remove the check mark from the Full Length box.
& Enter a Length value of 13.5.
A Click the Specification tab and set the Designation for M8 3 1.25.
B Click OK.

NOTE
Inventor will automatically create a coarse thread with a pitch of 1.25. There are other
pitch sizes available: M8 3 1, M8 3 0.8, M8 3 0.75, and M8 3 0.5. These pitch sizes
are accessed using the arrow on the right side of the Designation box on the
Specification tab of the Thread dialog box.

308 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Figure 6-16

Chapter 6
Click here
for other
pitch sizes.

Figure 6-17 shows a section view of the threaded blind hole. Note how
hidden lines are used to represent threads in both the top and the section
views.

Figure 6-17
A section view of a blind hole
created using Inventor

Unthreaded portion of hole

Drawing a Blind Hole—ANSI Threads

Pitch for ANSI threads is defined as threads per inch. A ¼-20 UNC thread
has a pitch of 20 threads per inch. The length in inches of one thread is
20, or 0.05 in. Therefore, 2P 5 2(0.05) 5 0.10 in.
1/

If a block includes a hole 1.50 deep, then the appropriate thread

length is 1.50 − 0.10 5 1.40 in.

Creating Threaded Holes Using the Hole Tool

Threaded holes may be created directly using the Hole tool. Figure 6-18
shows a 30 3 40 3 30 mm block with a hole center defined using the
Point, Center Point tool in the center of the top surface.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 309

 Figure 6-18

Click here to
access threads.

EXERCISE 6-4 Creating a Threaded Through Hole

O Create a new sketch plane on the top surface of the block and use the
Point tool to locate a point at the center of the surface.
A Right-click the mouse and select the Finish 2D Sketch option.
# Click on the Hole tool on the Modify panel under the 3D Model tab.
The Hole dialog box will appear. See Figure 6-18.
& Click the Termination box and select the Through All option.
A Click the Tapped Hole button.
B Click on Thread Type. Select the ANSI Metric M Profile option.
See Figure 6-19.
O Set the thread Size for 10. Select the M10 3 1.5 pitch in the
Designation box.

Figure 6-19

Tapped hole

310 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 More than one pitch size is available. In addition to the 1.50 pitch a

Chapter 6
1.25 or 0.75 option is also available. These are Fine and Extra Fine
designations. See Figure 6-20.
F Click OK.

Figure 6-20

Specify the pitch size.

EXERCISE 6-5 Creating a Threaded Blind Hole

Create a 30 3 40 3 30-mm block with a hole’s center defined in the center

of the top surface.
O Click on the Hole tool.
The Hole dialog box will appear. See Figure 6-21.

Figure 6-21

Hole depth

Thread depth

No check mark

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 311

 A Set the Termination for Distance, and click the Tapped Hole button.
# Set the Size for 10 and the Designation for M10 3 1.5.
& Click the Full Depth box so that no check appears.
A Set the thread depth for 8 and the hole depth for 10.
The hole depth should, with rare exceptions, be greater than the
thread depth.
B Click OK.

Standard Fasteners
Fasteners, such as screws and bolts, and their associated hardware, such
as nuts and washers, are manufactured to standard specifications. Using
standard-sized fasteners in designs saves production costs and helps
assure interchangeability.
Inventor includes a library of standard parts that may be accessed
using the Place from Content Center tool on the Component panel
under the Assemble tab. Clicking on the Place from Content Center
tool accesses the Content Center dialog box. The Content Center may
also be accessed by right-clicking the mouse and selecting the Place from
Content Center option.

NOTE
The drawing must be in the Standard.iam format, either mm or inch designation.

See Figure 6-22. Figure 6-23 shows the Place from Content Center
dialog box. Click the 1 sign to the left of the Fasteners heading under

Figure 6-22

1. Right-click
mouse
2. Click here

312 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Chapter 6
Click
here.

Click here.

Figure 6-23

Category View. Click Fasteners, Bolts, Hex Head, and select the Hex
Bolt-Metric bolt. A listing of available diameters and lengths will appear.
See Figure 6-24. Click the Table View tab to access a table of sizes and
dimensions that apply to the selected bolt. See Figure 6-25.

Figure 6-24 Figure 6-25

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 313

 Sizing a Threaded Hole to Accept a Screw
Say we wish to determine the length of thread and the depth of hole
needed to accept an M10 3 25 hex head screw and to create a drawing
of the screw in the threaded hole. The length of the threaded hole must
extend a minimum of two pitches (2P) beyond the end of the screw, and
the untapped portion of the hole must extend a minimum of two pitches (2P)
beyond the threaded portion of the hole. This requirement ensures that all
the fastener threads will be in contact with the hole’s threads and that fas-
teners will not bottom out. In this example the thread pitch equals 1.50 mm.
Therefore, 2P 5 2(1.50) 5 3.0 mm. This is the minimum distance and can be
increased but never decreased. See Figure 6-26.

The unthreaded portion of

The threaded portion of
the hole extends beyond the
threaded portion. the hole extends beyond
the length of the screw.
Figure 6-26

The two-pitch length requirement for the distance between the end of
the screw and the end of the threaded portion of the hole determines that
the thread depth should be 25.0 1 3.0 5 28.0 mm. The two-pitch length
requirement between the end of the threaded portion of the hole and the
bottom of the hole requires that the hole must have a depth of 28.0 1 3.0,
or 31.0 mm.
It is important that complete hole depths be specified, as they will
serve to show any interference with other holes or surfaces.

EXERCISE 6-6 Drawing a Blind Threaded Hole

O Create a new Standard (mm).ipt drawing and create a 40 3 40 3 60

block.
A Use the Point, Center Point and the Hole tools to create an M10 3
1.5 3 28 deep thread and a 31 deep hole.
See Figure 6-27.

# Save the threaded block as BLOCK, THREADED.

314 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Figure 6-27

Chapter 6
Hole depth

Thread depth

Thread designation

EXERCISE 6-7 Creating an Assembly with an M10 3 1.5 3 25 Hex Head Bolt

O Create a new Standard (mm).iam drawing called M10ASSEMBLY.

A Use the Place Component tool and locate one copy of the BLOCK,
THREADED block on the drawing screen.
# Click the Place from Content Center tool located on the Component
panel under the Assemble tab. The Place from Content Center tool
is a flyout from the Place Component tool.
The Place from Content Center dialog box will appear. See Figure 6-28.

Figure 6-28

Click here.

& Click the 1 sign to the left of the Fasteners option.

See Figure 6-29.
A Click the Bolts option, then click the Hex Head option.
B Scroll through the options and select the Hex Bolt-Metric option, and
click OK.
A small icon will appear on the screen attached to the cursor.
O Click the screen.
A picture of the Hex Bolt-Metric fastener will appear in the dialog box
along with a listing of available thread sizes and lengths. See Figure 6-30.
F Set the nominal diameter for 10, the pitch for 1.5, and the nominal
length for 25.
B Set the Thread description to M10 and the Nominal Length to 25.
) Click the Apply box.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 315

 Click Bolts.
Click here.

Click Hex Head.

Click Hex Bolt-

Metric
Figure 6-29

Specify the diameter.

Specify the
length.

Thread
designation

Figure 6-30

316 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 The M10 bolt will appear on the drawing screen with the BLOCK,

Chapter 6
THREADED. See Figure 6-31. If the bolt interferes with the BLOCK,
THREADED, use the Move Component option to position the bolt away
from the block. See Figure 6-31. Both the Move and Rotate tools may be
used to locate the bolt above the block.
Figure 6-31 M10 x 1.5 x 28 thread

Hex bolt
M10 x 1.5 x 25 thread

Inventor will automatically create a second fastener for insertion.

_ Press the <Esc> key to remove the second fastener.

EXERCISE 6-8 Inserting the M10 Bolt

O Click the Constrain tool on the Position panel under the Assemble tab.
The Place Constraint dialog box will appear. See Figure 6-32.
A Click the Insert option.
# Click the bottom surface of the bolt’s hex head, then click the threaded
hole in the BLOCK, THREADED block.
Figure 6-33 shows the resulting assembly.
& Save the assembly.

Use the Insert constraint.

Figure 6-32 Figure 6-33

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 317

 Figure 6-34 shows a top view and a section view of the M10ASSEMBLY
created using the ISO.idw option. Note the open area between the bottom
of the M10 bolt and the bottom of the hole.

A section view of the bolt inserted into the threaded hole

created using Inventor

Figure 6-34

Screws and Nuts

Screws often pass through an object or group of objects and are secured
using nuts. The threads of a nut must match the threads of the screw.
Nuts are manufactured at a variety of heights depending on their
intended application. Nuts made for heavy loads are thicker than those
intended for light loads. In general, nut thickness can be estimated as 0.88
of the major diameter of the thread. For example, if the nut has an M10
thread, the thickness will be about 0.88(10) 5 8.8 mm.
It is good practice to specify a screw length that allows for at least two
threads beyond the nut. This will ensure that all threads of the nut are in
contact with the screw threads. Strength calculations for screw threads are
based on 100% contact with the nut. See Figure 6-35.

Figure 6-35

Screw length

Nut height

Two thread lengths

Calculating the Screw Thread Length

In the following example an M10 bolt will pass through a box that has a
height of 30 mm and be held in place using an M10 hex nut. The required

318 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

length of the screw is calculated by adding the height of the box to the

Chapter 6
height of the nut, then adding at least two thread lengths (2P).
For an M10 coarse thread 2P 5 1.60 mm. The height of the nut 5
0.88(10) 5 8.80 mm, and the height of the box 5 30 mm:
30.00 1 8.80 1 1.60 5 40.4 mm
Refer to Figure 6-30 and find the nearest M10 standard thread length
that is greater than 40.4. The table shows the next available standard
length that is greater than 40.4 is 45 mm.

EXERCISE 6-9 Adding an M10 3 45 Hex Head Screw to a Drawing

O Draw a 40 3 40 3 30 box.
A Locate a Ø11 hole in the center of the top surface of the box.
The hole does not have threads. It is a clearance hole and so should
be slightly larger than the M10 thread. See Figure 6-36.
# Save the block as Ø11BLOCK.

Figure 6-36 A 40 x 40 x 30 box

with a O11 hole

EXERCISE 6-10 Adding a Bolt and Nut to the Drawing

O Start a new assembly drawing called M10NUT. Use the Standard

(mm).iam format.
A Use the Place Component tool and place a copy of the [11BLOCK on
the drawing screen.
# Use the Save All command on the File pull-down menu to save and
name the new assembly as M10NUT.iam.
& Click the Place from Content Center tool.
A Click the Fasteners option, the Bolts option, the Hex Head option,
the Hex Bolt-Metric bolt, and OK.
A small icon will appear on the screen attached to the cursor.
B Click the screen.
O Set the Thread description for M10 and the Nominal Length for 45.
F Click the Apply box.
See Figure 6-37.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 319

 AS 1110 Bolt
M10 x 45 Hex Head

Figure 6-37

B Click the Place from Content Center tool, click the Nuts heading in
the Category View listing, click the Hex option, and select the Hex
Nut-Metric nut. Select the M10 Thread description and Style 1.
See Figure 6-38.

Click here.

Click here.

Select a nut
size to match the
bolt thread size.

Select this nut.

Figure 6-38

) Click the Apply box.

See Figure 6-39.
Inventor will automatically create a second nut for insertion.
_ Press the <Esc> key to remove the second nut.

320 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Figure 6-39

Chapter 6
Nut added to
assembly drawing

EXERCISE 6-11 Assembling the Components

O Click the Constrain tool.

A Insert the bolt into the hole as described previously.
The nut is to be located on the bottom surface of the block, which is
presently not visible.
# Click the ViewCube and rotate the block so that the bottom surface is
visible.
See Figure 6-40.

Figure 6-40
Insert the bolt
and rotate the block
so that the bottom surface
is visible.

& Click the Constrain tool and select the Insert option.
A Click the bottom of the nut and the edge line of the [11 hole.
See Figure 6-41.
Figure 6-41

Use the Move and

Click Insert.
Rotate tools to
position the nut for
easy access to
constraint tools.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 321

 B Apply the constraints.
Figure 6-42 shows the resulting assembly.

Mounted nut

Figure 6-42

Types of Threaded Fasteners

There are many different types of screws generally classified by their head
types. Figure 6-43 shows six of the most commonly used types.

Note:
The dimensions listed are for reference
only. See manufacturers' specifications for
the actual sizes.

Figure 6-43

322 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 The choice of head type depends on the screw’s application and design

Chapter 6
function. A product design for home use would probably use screws that
had slotted heads, as most homes possess a blade screwdriver. Hex head
screws can be torqued to higher levels than slotted pan heads but require
socket wrenches. Flat head screws are used when the screw is located in a
surface that must be flat and flush.
Sometimes a screw’s head shape is selected to prevent access. For
example, the head of the screw used to open most fire hydrants is pen-
tagon-shaped and requires a special wrench to open it. This is to prevent
unauthorized access that could affect a district’s water pressure.
Screw connections for oxygen lines in hospitals have left-handed
threads. They are the only lines that have left-handed threads, to ensure
that no patient needing oxygen is connected to anything but oxygen.
Inventor’s Content Center lists many different types of fasteners. See
Figure 6-44. There are many subfiles to each of the fastener headings.

Click here.
A display of available flat head fasteners

Figure 6-44

Flat Head Screws—Countersunk Holes

Flat head screws are inserted into countersunk holes. The procedure
is first to create a countersunk hole on a component, then to create an
assembly using the component along with the appropriate screw listed in
the Content Center.
The following example uses an M8 3 50 Forged Hexagon Socket Flat
Countersunk Head Cap Screw-Metric.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 323

 1. Click here.

Head diameter

Scroll
bar

Scroll bar
2. Select this fastener.
Figure 6-45

The hole in the block must be sized to accept the M8 3 50 screw.

This information is available from the Table View option of the Place
from Content Center dialog box. See Figure 6-45. For example, the table
defines the screw’s head diameter. This value will be used to size the coun-
tersunk hole in the 40 3 40 3 80 block. In this example the head diameter
is 15.65 mm.

EXERCISE 6-12 Creating a Countersunk Hole

O Create a 40 3 40 3 80 block.
A Locate a hole’s center point in the center (20 3 20) of the top surface
of the block using the Point, Center Point tool.
# Go to the 3D Model tab and click the Hole tool.
& Click the Countersink and Tapped boxes.
See Figure 6-46.
The pitch length of an M8 thread is 1.25, so two thread lengths (2P)
equals 2.50.
The hole’s threads must be at least 50.00 1 2.50 5 52.50, and the
pilot hole must be at least 52.50 1 2.50 5 55.00 deep.
A Click the Full Depth box (remove the check mark), set the
Termination option to Distance, set the Thread Type option for
ANSI Metric M Profile, the thread depth for 52.5, the hole’s depth
for 55, and the head diameter for 15.65.

324 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Head size

Chapter 6
Resulting countersunk hole

Hole depth

Tapped hole Thread depth

Specify metric threads. No check mark

Define the thread size.

Figure 6-46 Figure 6-47

The value 15.65 came from the Table View portion of the Place from
Content Center dialog box. Figure 6-47 shows the countersunk hole
located in the 40 3 40 3 80 block.
B Save the block as BLOCK, COUNTERSINK.

EXERCISE 6-13 Creating and Inserting a Flat Head Screw

O Create an assembly drawing using the Standard (mm).iam format.

A Use the Place Component tool and locate one copy of the BLOCK,
COUNTERSINK on the drawing screen.
# Use the Save All command to save and name the assembly.
In this example the name COUNTERSINK ASSEMBLY was used.
& Click the Place from Content Center tool.
A Select the Fasteners, Bolts option, then Countersunk.
B Select the Forged Hexagon Socket Flat Countersunk Head Cap
Screw—Metric and set the Thread description for M8 and the
Nominal Length for 50.
See Figure 6-48.
O Click the Insert box.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 325

 Figure 6-48

Thread size
Bolt
length

F Click the Constrain tool, then select the Insert option on the Place
Constraint dialog box.
B Insert the screw into the block.

Figure 6-49 shows the resulting assembly. Figure 6-50 shows a top
and a section view of the countersunk screw inserted into the block. Note
that the portion of the hole below the bottom of the M8 3 50 screw is

Clear portion of the

assembly

Figure 6-49 Figure 6-50

326 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 clear; that is, it does not show the unused threads. This is a drawing con-

Chapter 6
vention that is intended to add clarity to the drawing. Inventor will auto-
matically omit the unused threads.

Counterbores
A counterbored hole is created by first drilling a hole, then drilling a sec-
ond larger hole aligned with the first. Counterbored holes are often used to
recess the heads of fasteners.
Say we wish to fit a 3/8-16 UNC 3 1.50 LONG hex head screw into a
block that includes a counterbored hole, and that after assembly the head
of the screw is to be below the surface of the block.

Determining the Counterbore Depth

It is necessary to access the Content Center to find the head height of the
bolt to be able to determine the depth of the counterbore.

EXERCISE 6-14 Determining the Head Height of a Bolt

O Create a new assembly drawing and click the Place from Content
Center tool.
A Click Fasteners, Bolts, and Hex Head to access the hex head bolt
listing.
# Select the Hex Bolt - Inch bolt.
The Hex Bolt - Inch dialog box will appear. See Figure 6-51.

Head height

Figure 6-51

& Select the 3/8-16 UNC 3 1.50 LONG bolt.

A Click the Table View tab.
See Figure 6-43 for reference.
In this example the head height is 0.268 in. (See Figure 6-51.) The
counterbore must have a depth greater than the head height. A distance
of 0.313 (5/16) was selected.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 327

 Determining the Thread Length
The screw is 1.50 in. long and has a pitch of 16 threads per inch. Each
thread is therefore 1/16, or 0.0625 in. It is recommended that there be at
least two threads beyond the end of the screw. Two thread pitches would
be 2(0.0625) 5 0.125 in. This is a minimum recommendation. A larger
value could also be used.
The thread depth is 1.50 1 0.125, or 1.625 in. minimum; however,
the thread is created below the counterbore, so in Inventor the value
must include the depth of the counterbore. The thread depth is 1.625 1
0.313 5 1.938 in.

Determining the Depth of the Hole

The hole should extend at least two pitch lengths beyond the threaded por-
tion of the hole, plus the depth of the counterbore, so 1.938 1 0.125 5
2.063 in.

Determining the Counterbore’s Diameter

The distance across the corners of the screw is listed in the Table View
portion of the Place from Content Center dialog box as 0.650 in. The
counterbored hole must be at least this large plus have an allowance for
the tool (socket wrench) needed to assemble and disassemble the screw.
In general, the diameter is increased 0.125 in., or 1/8 in. [3.2 mm], all
around to allow for tooling needs.
If space is a concern, then designers will change the head type of
a screw so that the tooling will not add to the required diameter. For
example, a socket head type screw may be used if design requirements
permit.
The minimum counterbore diameter is 0.650 1 0.125 5 0.775. The
0.650 value was determined using the .649 distance across the corners
value that was found in the Table View in the Hex Bolt-Inch dialog box.
The 0.125 value is a tool allowance added so a socket wrench can access
the bolt head. For this example 0.8125, or 13/16 in., was selected. We can
now create the component.

EXERCISE 6-15 Drawing a Counterbored Hole

O Draw a 3.00 3 3.00 3 5.00 block using the Standard (in).ipt format.
A Locate a hole’s center point in the center of the 3.00 3 3.00 surface.
# Click the 3D Model tab and click the Hole tool.
The Hole dialog box will appear.
& Click the Counterbore, Tapped tools, and turn off the Full Depth
option.
A Set the hole depth for 2.063, the thread depth for 1.938, the coun-
terbore diameter for .8125, and the counterbore depth for .313.
B Select 3/8-16 UNC threads.
See Figure 6-52.

O Click OK, then save the block as BLOCK, COUNTERBORE.

328 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Figure 6-52

Chapter 6
Enter values.

Counterbore

Tapped hole No check mark

Define the thread.

EXERCISE 6-16 Assembling the Screw

O Create an assembly drawing using the Standard (in).iam format.

A Use the Place Component tool to place a copy of the counterbored
block on the screen.
# Use the Save All command to save and name the assembly
COUNTERBORE ASSEMBLY.
& Click the Place from Content Center tool and select a 3/8-16 UNC 3
1.50 hex head bolt and insert it onto the drawing.
See Figure 6-53.
A Use the Place Constraint tool to insert the bolt into the hole.

Figure 6-53 3/8 - 16 UNC x 1.50

hex bolt

Select the fastener.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 329

 The block with a counterbored hole and a screw inserted
shown at different orientations

Figure 6-54

Figure 6-54 shows the bolt inserted into the counterbored hole. Note
the tooling clearance around the hex head and the clearance between the
top of the bolt and the top surface of the block.

Drawing Fasteners Not Included

in the Content Center
The Content Center contains a partial listing of fasteners. There are many
other sizes and styles available. Inventor can be used to draw specific fas-
teners that can then be saved and used on assemblies.
Say we wish to draw an M8 3 25 hex head screw and that this size is
not available in the Content Center.

EXERCISE 6-17 Drawing an M8 3 25 Hex Head Screw

O Create a Standard (mm).ipt drawing.

A Draw a \8 3 25 cylinder. Draw the cylinder with its top surface on
the XY plane so that it extends in the negative Z direction.
See Figure 6-55.

Figure 6-55

Ø8 x 25 cylinder

330 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Click here

Chapter 6
Edge

A 1.25 x 1.25 chamfer

Figure 6-56

# Add a 1.25 3 1.25 chamfer to the bottom of the cylinder.

See Figure 6-56. In general, the chamfer will approximately equal one
pitch length. The Chamfer tool is located on the Modify panel under the
3D Model tab.
& Create a new sketch plane on the top surface of the cylinder.
A Use the Polygon tool and draw a hexagon centered on the top sur-
face of the cylinder. Sketch the hexagon 12 mm across the flats (see
Chapter 2) and extrude it to a height of 5.4 mm above the XY plane.
See Figure 6-57.
The head height and distance across the flats were determined using
the general values defined in Figure 6-43. Specific values may be obtained
from manufacturers, many of whom list their products on the Web, or from
reference books such as Machinery’s Handbook.
B Add threads to the cylinder, using the Thread tool. Click the cylinder,
and Inventor will automatically create threads to match the cylinder’s
diameter.

Extrude the polygon a

distance of 5.4.

Create the hexagon shape

on the top surface of the
cylinder using the Polygon
tool on the 3D Model
panels.

Figure 6-57

See Figure 6-58. Check the thread specification to assure that correct
threads were created. Note that the coarse pitch of 1.25 was automatically
selected, but other pitch values are also available.

O Save the drawing as M8 3 1.25 3 25 HEXHEADSCREW.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 331

 Figure 6-58

Add threads to
the cylinder

Sample Problem SP6-1

Nuts are used with externally threaded objects to hold parts together.
There are many different styles of nuts. The Content Center library
includes listings for hex, slotted hex, and wing nuts, among others. Figure
6-59 shows the Table View portion of the Content Center dialog box that
includes nut heights.

Head height for a nut

Figure 6-59

The threads of a nut must be exactly the same as the external threads
inserted into them. For example, if a screw with an M8 3 1.25 thread is
selected, an M8 3 1.25 nut thread must be selected.
The head height of the nut must be considered when determining
the length of a bolt. It is good practice to have a minimum of two threads
extend beyond the nut to help ensure that the nut is fully secured.
Strength calculations are based on all nut threads’ being 100% engaged,
so having threads extend beyond a nut is critical.

332 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Chapter 6
Two blocks
each 25 mm
thick with O9
holes

Figure 6-60

Figure 6-60 shows two blocks, each 25 mm thick with a center hole
of [9.00 mm. The holes are clearance holes and do not include threads.
The blocks are to be held together using an M8 hex head screw and a
compat- ible nut.

Determining the Minimum Thread Length Required

Each block is 25 mm thick, for a total of 50 mm. The nut height, from
Figure 6-59, for an M8 hex nut is 6.80, so the minimum thread length that
will pass through both parts and the nut is 56.80 mm. Two threads must
extend beyond the nut to ensure that it is fully secured. From Figure 6-59
the length of an M8 thread is given as 1.25 mm, so two threads equal
2.50 mm. Therefore, the minimum thread length must be 50.00 1 6.80 1
2.50 5 59.3 mm.
Bolts are manufactured in standard lengths, some of which are listed
in the Content Center library. If the required thread length was not avail-
able from the library, manufacturers’ catalogs would have to be searched
and a new screw drawing created. In this example the next available
standard length is 60 mm.

EXERCISE 6-18 Selecting a Screw

O Click the Place from Content Center tool.

A Select the Fasteners option, then Bolts, then Hex Head. Select the
Hex Bolt - Metric.
See Figure 6-61. The standard thread length that is closest to, but still
greater than, 59.3 is 60 mm. The 60 mm length is selected and applied to
the drawing.
# Define the values for an M8 3 60 hex head screw and insert it
into the drawing.
See Figure 6-62.
& Insert the screw into the two assembled parts.
See Figure 6-63. Note that the screw extends beyond the bottom of the
two assembled parts.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 333

 An M8 x 60 hex head
screw

Figure 6-61 Figure 6-62

The M8 x 60 screw inserted into

the two blocks

Figure 6-63

EXERCISE 6-19 Selecting a Nut

O Click the Place from Content Center and select the Fasteners
option, then Nuts, then Hex, then the Hex Nut- Metric listing.
See Figure 6-64.
A Insert a copy of the nut into the drawing area.
Figure 6-65 shows the nut added to the drawing screen.
# Use the Place Constraint tool and insert the nut onto the screw so
that it is flush with the bottom surface of the blocks.
Figure 6-66 shows the nut inserted onto the screw.

334 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Chapter 6
Click
here.

Select
here.

Figure 6-64

Figure 6-65 Figure 6-66

The nuts listed in the Content Center library represent only a partial
listing of the sizes and styles of nuts available. If a design calls for a nut
size or type not listed in the Content Center library, refer to manufactur-
ers’ specifications, then draw the nut and save it as an individual drawing.
It can then be added to the design drawings as needed.

Washers
washer: A flat thin ring used to Washers are used to increase the bearing area under fasteners or as
increase the bearing area under spacers. Washers are identified by their inside diameter, outside diameter,
a fastener or as a spacer.
and thickness. In addition, washers can be designated N, R, or W for

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 335

 narrow, regular, and wide, respectively. These designations apply only to
the outside diameters; the inside diameter is the same.
Inventor lists washers by their nominal diameter. The nominal diam-
eters differ from the actual inside diameter by a predetermined clearance
allowance. For example, a washer with a nominal diameter of 8 has an
actual inside diameter of 8.40, or 0.40 mm greater than the 8 nominal
diameter. This means that washer sizes can easily be matched to thread
sizes using nominal sizes. A washer with a nominal diameter designation
of 8 will fit over a thread designated M8.
There are different types of washers including, among others, plain and
tapered. The Place from Content Center dialog box includes a listing of
both plain and tapered washers. Figure 6-67 shows the Table View portion
of the Place from Content Center dialog box for a plain washer ISO 7089.

Click
here.
Select here.

Inside
diameter Thickness

Figure 6-67

Inserting Washers onto a Fastener

We again start with the two blocks shown in Figure 6-60. Each has a
height of 25 mm. We know from the previous section that the nut height is

336 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

6.80 mm and that the requirement that at least two threads extend beyond

Chapter 6
the end of the nut adds 2.50 mm, yielding a total thread length require-
ment of 59.3. We now have to add the thickness of the two washers and
recalculate the minimum required bolt length.
Say we selected a plain regular washer number ISO 7089 with a nomi-
nal size of 8. From Figure 6-67 the Table View on the 1S0 7089 dialog
box the thickness is found to be 1.6 mm, or a total of 3.20 mm for the two
washers. This extends the minimum bolt length requirement to 59.3 1
3.20 5 62.5. The nearest standard thread bolt length listed in the Place
from Content Center dialog box that is greater than the 62.5 requirement
is 65.

EXERCISE 6-20 Adding Washers to an Assembly

O Use the Place Component tool and locate two copies of the block on
the drawing, then align the blocks.
A Use the Save All command to save and name the assembly.
# Click the Place from Content Center tool and select an M8 3 65 Hex
Head screw and an M8 Hex Nut and insert them into the drawing.
See Figure 6-68.

& Access the Place from Content Center dialog box and select the
Washers option, then Plain, then an ISO 7089 washer.
See Figure 6-69. Figure 6-67 shows the Table View values for the
washer.

Figure 6-68 Figure 6-69

A Insert two copies into the drawing.

See Figure 6-70.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 337

 Figure 6-70

B Use the Place Constraint, Insert option tool and align the washers
with the holes in the blocks.
See Figure 6-71.

Resulting assembly

Figure 6-71 Figure 6-72

O Use the Place Constraint tool and insert the M8 3 65 screw and the nut.
Figure 6-72 shows the resulting assembly.

The washers listed in the Content Center dialog box library represent
only a partial listing of the washers available. If a design calls for a washer

338 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 size or type not listed in the library, refer to manufacturers’ specifications,

Chapter 6
then draw the washer and save it as an individual drawing. It can then be
added to the design drawings as needed.

Setscrews
setscrew: A fastener used to hold Setscrews are fasteners used to hold parts like gears and pulleys to rotat-
parts to rotating shafts or other ing shafts or other moving objects to prevent slippage between the two
moving objects to prevent slippage
between the two objects. objects. See Figure 6-73.
Most setscrews have recessed heads to help prevent interference with
other parts.
Many different head styles and point styles are available. See
Figure 6-74. The dimensions shown in Figure 6-74 are general sizes for
use in this book. For actual sizes, see the manufacturer’s specifications.

Figure 6-73

Note:
The dimensions listed are for
reference only. See
manufacturer's specifications
for the actual sizes.

Figure 6-74

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 339

 A collar with two #10(.19)-32UNF
threaded holes Figure 6-75 shows a collar with two 10(.19)-32UNF threaded holes.

EXERCISE 6-21 Adding a Setscrew

O Create an assembly drawing using the Standard (in).iam format.

A Use the Place Component tool and place one copy of the collar on the
drawing.
# Use the Save All tool to save and name the assembly.
& Access the Place from Content Center dialog box and select the
Collar I.D. = .750 Fasteners option, then Bolts, then Set Screws.
O.D. = 1.000
Length = .750 A Select the Type E - Spline Socket Set Screw - Cup Point - Inch
Figure 6-75 option and set the (nominal diameter) Thread description for #10,
the Nominal Length for 0.3125, and the Thread Type for UNF.
See Figure 6-76.

Click
here.

Select.
Figure 6-76

340 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Chapter 6
Figure 6-76
(continued)

B Insert a copy of the setscrew on the drawing.

See Figure 6-77.
O Use the Place Constraint tool and insert the setscrew into one of the
threaded holes.
Figure 6-78 shows the resulting assembly.

Figure 6-77 Figure 6-78

Rivets
rivet: A metal fastener with a head Rivets are fasteners that hold together adjoining or overlapping objects. A
and a straight shaft for holding rivet starts with a head at one end and a straight shaft at the other end. The
together overlapping and adjoining rivet is then inserted into the object, and the headless end is “bucked” or oth-
objects.
erwise forced into place. A force is applied to the headless end that changes
its shape so that another head is formed holding the objects together.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 341

 There are many different shapes and styles of rivets. Figure 6-79
shows five common head shapes for rivets. Hollow rivets are used on air-
craft because they are very lightweight. A design advantage of rivets is that
they can be drilled out and removed without damage to the objects they
hold together.

Note:
The dimensions listed are for reference only.
See manufacturer’s specifications for the actual sizes.

Figure 6-79

Rivet types are represented on technical drawings using a coding sys-

tem. See Figure 6-80. Since rivets are sometimes so small and the material
they hold together so thin that it is difficult to clearly draw the rivets, some
companies draw only the rivet’s centerline in the side view and identify the
rivets using a drawing callout.

Figure 6-80

Figure 6-81 shows the Place from Content Center dialog box for
plain rivets.

342 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Chapter 6
Figure 6-81

Sample Problem SP6-2

Figure 6-82 shows an assembly drawing. The assembly is to be held
together using M8 hex head screws. It was created as follows.

O Use the Standard (mm).ipt format and create the TOP BRACKET and
the SOLID BASE.

Figure 6-82

This assembly was created using the bottom-up approach. It could

also have been created using the top-down approach. Figure 6-83 shows
dimensioned drawings of the top bracket and solid base.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 343

 Figure 6-83
A Assemble two brackets and one base as shown.
See Figure 6-84.

Assembly
drawing

TOP BRACKET
= 2 required Click
here.

Click
here.
SOLID BASE

Figure 6-84 Figure 6-85

# Access the Place from Content Center dialog box.
& Click the Washers heading and select the Plain Washer (Metric).
See Figure 6-85.
A Select a Nominal Diameter of 10.
See Figure 6-86.
B Click the Table View tab on the Plain Washer (Metric) dialog box.
See Figure 6-87.
O Note that the height of the washer is 2.3, the inside diameter is
10.85, and the outside diameter is 20. The washer specification is

344 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Figure 6-86

Chapter 6
Locate the washers.

Outside
diameter

Nominal inside diameter

Figure 6-87 Figure 6-88

10 3 20 3 2.3. The inside nominal diameter is used in the washer
specification.
F Click OK.
B Add two washers to the assembly drawing.
) Use the Insert constraint to locate the washers around the holes on
the two top brackets.
See Figure 6-88.
Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 345
 _ Access the Place from Content Center dialog box.
+ Click the Hex heading under Nuts and select the Hex Jam Nut -
Metric hex nut option.
See Figure 6-89.

Click
here.

Select here.

Figure 6-89

| Select the M10 thread option.

See Figure 6-90.

Figure 6-90

346 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Click the Table View tab on the Hex Jam Nut - Metric dialog box.

Chapter 6
See Figure 6-91.

Figure 6-91

Thickness

1 Note that the height of the nut is 5.0. Scroll the screen to the right
and note that the pitch is 1.50.
2 Click OK.
3 Add three nuts to the assembly drawing.
Use the Insert constraint and locate the nuts aligned with the match-
ing holes in the top brackets and with the holes between the top
brackets and the solid base as shown.
See Figure 6-92.

Figure 6-92
Nut

Nut

Nut

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 347

 5 Calculate the required screw length for the screw that mounts between
the back-to-back top brackets.
The flanges on the two top brackets are 10 each, the washers are 2.30
thick, and the nut is 5.00 thick. Therefore the minimum screw length is
equal to
10 1 10 1 2.30 1 2.30 1 5.00 5 29.60
This length value does not include the required two pitches that must
extend beyond the nut.
6 Access the Place from Content Center and click the Fasteners heading.
7 Select the Hex Head option.
See Figure 6-93.

Click
here.

Select

Figure 6-93

8 Select the Hex Bolt - Metric option.

See Figure 6-94.
9 Click the Table View tab on the Hex Bolt - Metric dialog box and
note that the pitch of the M10 thread is 1.50.
0 Click the Select tab on the Hex Bolt - Metric dialog box.
The value for 2P (two pitches) equals 2(1.50) 5 3.00. Add this value to
the 29.60 length requirement calculated previously:
29.60 1 3.00 5 32.60
The next standard length value is 35. See Figure 6-95.
- Select the 35 nominal length; click OK.
= Use the Insert constraint tool and insert the screw into the assembly.
See Figure 6-96.
\ Calculate the minimum thread length for the two screws inserted
between the top bracket and the solid base.

348 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Chapter 6
Pitch must match nut’s
pitch.

Figure 6-94 Figure 6-95

Figure 6-96

Insert the screw.

From the dimensioned drawings shown in Figure 6-83, the depth of the
counterbore on the top bracket is 8.00. The total height of the flange is
24.00, so the threaded portion of each screw must pass through a differ-
ence of 16.00. The counterbore on the solid base is 8.00 deep, and the
flange is 20 thick, so the thread must pass through 12.00. The total dis-
tance is 16.00 1 12.00 5 28.00.
If the same nut as selected previously is used, the nut height is 5.0.
The thread pitch for an M10 screw is 1.50 (2P 5 3.00). Therefore, the mini-
mum required thread length is as follows:
16.00 1 12.00 1 5.00 1 3.00 5 36.00
This value indicates that an M10 3 40 screw is required.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 349

 Use the Insert constraint and position the screws.
See Figure 6-97.
Figure 6-97

W Save the assembly drawing as SP6-1 ASSEMBLY.

E Close the assembly drawing.
R Start a new drawing using the Standard (mm).ipn format.
T Click the Create View tool and access the SP6-1 ASSEMBLY.
Y Use the Tweak Components tool and create an exploded isometric
drawing showing all the parts of the assembly.
See Figure 6-98.
Figure 6-98
A drawing created using
the .ipn format

TIP
Try the animation options.

350 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 U Save the exploded assembly drawing as SP6-1 ASSEMBLY.

Chapter 6
I Close the assembly drawing.
O Start a new drawing using the ANSI (mm).idw format.
P Create an Iso Top Left exploded assembly drawing based on the .ipn
bracket assembly drawing.
See Figure 6-99.
Figure 6-99 An exploded isometric drawing
created using the ANSI (mm).idw format

Add assembly numbers (balloon numbers) to the assembly drawing.

Start the assembly numbers with the biggest parts. The solid base
should be part 1, the top bracket part 2, and so on.
See Figure 6-100.
Figure 6-100 Add assembly numbers.

} Click the Parts List tool on the Annotate panel and locate the
parts list on the assembly drawing.
See Figure 6-101. The part numbers that are displayed on the parts list
are the file numbers for the parts. These numbers may be edited as needed.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 351

 Figure 6-101

TIP
The parts list may be located on a separate sheet if needed.

q Right-click the parts list and select the Edit Parts List option.
Click the Column Chooser option.
See Figure 6-102.
Figure 6-102
Column Chooser

e Scroll down the Available Properties options and add MATERIAL

to the parts list.
See Figure 6-103.
r Use the Move Down option on the Parts List Column Chooser dialog
box and move the QTY heading to the bottom of the list.
Click OK.
See Figure 6-104.
y Add the description and material requirements for the solid base and
top brackets.
See Figure 6-105.
Click OK.
Figure 6-105 shows the finished isometric exploded assembly drawing.
352 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners
Figure 6-103

Chapter 6
Figure 6-104

New column arrangement

Figure 6-105

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 353

 Chapter Summary

6 chaptersix
This chapter explained how to draw threads and washers as well as how to
select fasteners and how to design using fasteners, washers, and keys.
Thread terminology was explained and illustrated, and the different
thread form specifications and ways of graphically representing threads
were described, including threaded through holes, internal threads, and
blind threaded holes. ANSI standards and conventions were followed.
The Place from Content Center tool was used to specify different types
of fasteners in drawings, including bolts and screws coupled with nuts.
Countersunk screws and counterbored holes were described and illustrated.

Chapter Test Questions

Multiple Choice
Circle the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is not a type of point for a setscrew?
a. Half dog c. Cylinder
b. Cone d. Flat
2. A flat head fastener is used with which of the following hole shapes?
a. Counterbore
b. Countersink
c. Spotface
3. What is the pitch of a thread designated ¼-20 UNC?
a. 0.05 c. 0.025
b. 0.10 d. 0.20
4. What is the pitch of a thread designated M10 3 1.25 3 20?
a. 1.00 c. 1.25
b. 2.00 d. 1.50
5. Which of the following thread forms has the most threads per inch?
a. UNC c. UNEF
b. UNF d. UN
6. If a ½-13 UNC fastener must pass through two parts—a washer and
a nut—whose total thickness is 2.50, what is the minimum possible
length for the fastener?
a. 2.50 c. 2.75
b. 2.65 d. 2.88
7. The major diameter of a thread is measured from
a. Crest to crest
b. Root to root
c. Two times the pitch

354 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 8. Which tool is used to edit an existing threaded hole?
a. Edit Sketch
b. Edit Feature
c. Edit Text
9. If an M8 3 1 3 16 fastener is to be inserted into a threaded hole, the
thread depth must be at least
a. 16 c. 18
b. 17 d. 19
10. Which type of thread advances when turned in the clockwise direc-
tion?
a. Right-hand
b. Left-hand
c. Center-thread

Matching
Given the following thread callout, identify the meaning of each term.
¼-20 UNC-2A 3 1.625
Column A
Column B
a. 20
1. Length
b. UNC
2. Class of fit
c. ¼
3. External
d. 1.625
4. Major diameter
e. A
5. Pitch
f. 2
6. Thread form

Given the following thread callout, identify the meaning of each term.
M10 3 1.25 3 30
Column A
Column B
g. M10 7. Length
h. 1.25 8. Thread designation
i. 30 9. Pitch

True or False
Circle the correct answer.
1. True or False: The notation [10 designates either a hole or a cylindri-
cal-shaped object, whereas the notation M10 designates either an inter-
nal or external thread.
2. True or False: The pitch of a thread is the linear distance along the
thread from crest to crest.
3. True or False: The thread designation M10 3 1.25 3 30 indicates that
the thread’s pitch is 30.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 355

 4. True or False: A coarse thread pitch is not included in a metric thread
callout.
5. True or False: The thread designation .500 13 UNC 3 3.00 LONG
indi- cates that the thread’s pitch is 13.
6. True or False: UNC, UNF, UNEF, and UN are all standard thread
forms.
7. True or False: Threads can be drawn in Inventor using the Hole tool
on the 3D Model tab.
8. True or False: The threaded portion of an internal hole must extend at
least two pitches beyond the end of the fastener inserted into the hole.
9. True or False: The Inventor Content Center includes a listing of stand-
ard threaded fasteners.
10. True or False: A washer is defined using the inside diameter 3
outside diameter 3 thickness.

356 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Chapter Projects

6 chaptersix
Project 6-1:

Millimeters
Figure P6-1 shows three blocks. Assume that the blocks are each 30 3 30
3 10 and that the hole is [9. Assemble the three blocks so that their
holes are aligned and they are held together by a hex head bolt secured by
an appropriate hex nut. Locate a washer between the bolt head and the
top block and between the nut and the bottom block. Create all drawings
using either an A4 or A3 drawing sheet, as needed. Include a title block on
all drawing sheets.
A. Define the bolt.
B. Define the nut.
C. Define the washers.
D. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
E. Create a BOM for the assembly.
F. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
G. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
H. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Figure P6-1 Three blocks, each 30 x 30 x 30 with a

centered O9 hole
P/N AM311-10M

Assemble the three blocks

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 357

 using a hex head nut, a hex
nut, and two plain, narrow
washers.

358 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Project 6-2: Millimeters
Figure P6-2 shows three blocks, one 30 3 30 3 50 with a centered M8
threaded hole, and two 30 3 30 3 10 blocks with centered [9 holes. Join
the two 30 3 30 3 10 blocks to the 30 3 30 3 50 block using an M8 hex
head bolt. Locate a regular plain washer under the bolt head.
A. Define the bolt.
B. Define the thread depth.
C. Define the hole depth.
D. Define the washer.
E. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
F. Create a BOM for the assembly.
G. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
H. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
I. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Figure P6-2 O9

30 x 30 x 10
Block-2 REQD
P/N AM-311-10M

M8

30 x 30 x 50
Block-2 REQD
P/N AM-311-10M

Project 6-3: Inches

Figure P6-3 shows three blocks. Assume that each block is 1.00 3 1.00
3 .375 and that the hole is [.375. Assemble the three blocks so that
their holes are aligned and that they are held together by a 5/16-18
UNC
indented regular hex head bolt secured by an appropriate hex nut. Locate
a washer between the bolt head and the top block and between the nut
and the bottom block. Create all drawings using either an A4 or A3 draw-
ing sheet, as needed. Include a title block on all drawing sheets.
A. Define the bolt.
B. Define the nut.
C. Define the washers.
D. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
E. Create a BOM for the assembly.
F. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
G. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
H. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 359

 Figure P6-3 5
16 -18 UNC indented regular hex head bolt

O.375

1.00 x 1.00 x 0.375 Block

3 REQD
P/N AM311-10

Project 6-4: Inches

Figure P6-4 shows three blocks, one 1.00 3 1.00 3 2.00 with a centered
threaded hole, and two 1.00 3 1.00 3 .375 blocks with centered [.375
holes. Join the two 1.00 3 1.00 3 .375 blocks to the 1.00 3 1.00 3 2.00
block using a 5/16-18 UNC hex head bolt. Locate a regular plain washer
under the bolt head.
A. Define the bolt.
B. Define the thread depth.
C. Define the hole depth.
D. Define the washer.
Figure P6-4 1.00 x 1.00 x 0.375 Block
2 REQD
P/N AM311-10

O.375 Centered Hole

º5 16-18 UNC

1.00 x 1.00 x 2.00 Block

P/N AM312-2

360 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 E. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
F. Create a BOM for the assembly.
G. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
H. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
I. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Project 6-5: Inches or Millimeters

Figure P6-5 shows a centering block. Create an assembly drawing of the
block and insert three setscrews into the three threaded holes so that they
extend at least .25 in. or 6 mm into the center hole.
A. Use the inch dimensions.
B. Use the millimeter dimensions.
C. Define the setscrews.
D. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
E. Create a BOM for the assembly.
F. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
G. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
H. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.
Centering Block
P/N BU2004-5
SAE 1020 Steel

Figure P6-5
Project 6-6: Millimeters
Figure P6-6 shows two parts: a head cylinder and a base cylinder.
The head cylinder has outside dimensions of [40 3 20, and the base
cylinder has outside dimensions of [40 3 50. The holes in both parts

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 361

 are located on a [24 bolt circle. Assemble the two parts using hex head
bolts.
A. Define the bolt.
B. Define the holes in the head cylinder, the counterbore diameter
and depth, and the clearance hole diameter.
C. Define the thread depth in the base cylinder.
D. Define the hole depth in the base cylinder.
E. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
F. Create a BOM for the assembly.
G. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
H. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
I. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.
Figure P6-6 Cylinder Head
P/N EK130-1
SAE 1040 Steel
Counterbored holes
on a O24 bolt circle

Cylinder Base
P/N EK130-2
SAE 1040 Steel

362 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Project 6-7: Millimeters
Figure P6-7 shows a pressure cylinder assembly.
A. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
B. Create a BOM for the assembly.
C. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
D. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
E. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.
Figure P6-7

Project 6-8: Millimeters

Figure P6-7 shows a pressure cylinder assembly.
A. Revise the assembly so that it uses M10 3 35 hex head bolts.
B. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
C. Create a BOM for the assembly.
D. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
E. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
F. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 363

 Figure P6-9

Project 6-9: Inches and Millimeters

Figure P6-9 shows a C-block assembly.
Use one of the following fasteners assigned by your instructor.
1. M12 hex head
2. M10 square head
3. ¼-20 UNC hex head
4. 3/8-16 UNC square head
5. M10 socket head
6. M8 slotted head
7. ¼-20 UNC slotted head
8. 3/8-16 UNC socket head
A. Define the bolts.
B. Define the nuts.
C. Define the washers.
D. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
E. Create a BOM for the assembly.
F. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
G. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
H. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Project 6-10: Millimeters

Figure P6-10 shows an exploded assembly drawing. There are no standard
parts, so each part must be drawn individually.
A. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
B. Create a BOM for the assembly.

364 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 Figure P6-10

364 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 365

Figure P6-11
 C. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
D. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
E. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Project 6-11: Millimeters

Figure P6-11 shows an exploded assembly drawing.
A. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
B. Create a BOM for the assembly.
C. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
D. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
E. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Project 6-12: Inches or Millimeters

Figure P6-12 shows an exploded assembly drawing. No dimensions are
given. If parts 3 and 5 have either M10 or 3/8-16 UNC threads, size
parts 1 and 2. Based on these values estimate and create the remaining
sizes and dimensions.
Figure P6-12

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 365

 A. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
B. Create a BOM for the assembly.
C. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
D. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
E. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Figure P6-13

366 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Project 6-13: Inches
Figure P6-13 shows an assembly drawing and detail drawings of a surface
gauge.
A. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
B. Create a BOM for the assembly.
C. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
D. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
E. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.

Project 6-14: Millimeters

Figure P6-14 shows an assembly made from parts defined on pages 284–287.
Assemble the parts using M10 threaded fasteners.
A. Define the bolt.
B. Define the nut.
C. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
D. Create a BOM for the assembly.
E. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
F. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
G. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.
H. Consider possible interference between the nuts and ends of the
fasteners both during and after assembly. Recommend an assem-
bly sequence.

Project 6-15: Millimeters

Figure P6-15 shows an assembly made from parts defined on pages 284–287.
Assemble the parts using M10 threaded fasteners.
A. Define the bolt.
B. Define the nut.
C. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
Spacer Quad L-Bracket
P/N AM311-4 P/N BK20-1
2 REQD 2 REQD

C-Bracket ate
Pl
P/N BK20-3
2 REQD PL100-6
2 REQD
Figure P6-14 Figure P6-15

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 367

 D. Create a BOM for the assembly.
E. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
F. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
G. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.
H. Consider possible interference between the nuts and ends of the
fasteners both during and after assembly. Recommend an assembly
sequence.

Project 6-16: Millimeters

Figure P6-16 shows an assembly made from parts defined on pages 284–287.
Assemble the parts using M10 threaded fasteners.
A. Define the bolt.
B. Define the nut.
C. Draw an assembly drawing including all components.
D. Create a BOM for the assembly.
E. Create a presentation drawing of the assembly.
F. Create an isometric exploded drawing of the assembly.
G. Create an animation drawing of the assembly.
H. Consider possible interference between the nuts and ends of the
fas- teners both during and after assembly. Recommend an
assembly sequence.

Project 6-17: Access Controller

Design an access controller based on the information given in Figure P6-17.
The controller works by moving an internal cylinder up and down within
Figure P6-16

368 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 INTERNAL CYLINDER

ALIGNMEN
T SLOT M20 - 16 DEEP

O40

AS MANY HOLES
AS NEEDED - O8
AS
NEEDED

SLOTS FOR
SPRING-LOADED
STOP BUTTON AS
NEEDED

O40 NOMINAL

60 SQUARE
ALIGNMENT
STOP BUTTON GUIDE
ASSEMBLY
40 NOMINAL
May be
increased as
AS needed
NEEDED

BRACKET
Redesign as necessary for STOP BUTTON
attachment to the base.
Add holes to the base and
specify fasteners M10

SPRING located
here
KNURLED
HANDLE MATCH TO
SPACER STOP BUTTON

BASE
Figure P6-17

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 369

 the base so the cylinder aligns with output holes A and B. Liquids will
enter the internal cylinder from the top, then exit the base through holes A
and B. Include as many holes in the internal cylinder as necessary to cre-
ate the following liquid exit combinations.
1. A open, B closed
2. A open, B open
3. A closed, B open
The internal cylinder is to be held in place by an alignment key and a stop
button. The stop button is to be spring-loaded so that it will always be
held in place. The internal cylinder will be moved by pulling out the stop
button, repositioning the cylinder, then reinserting the stop button.
Prepare the following drawings.
A. Draw an assembly drawing.
B. Draw detail drawings of each nonstandard part. Include positional
tolerances for all holes.
C. Prepare a parts list.

Project 6-18: Grinding Wheel

Design a hand-operated grinding wheel as shown in Figure P6-18 specifi-
cally for sharpening a chisel. The chisel is to be located on an adjustable
rest while it is being sharpened. The mechanism should be able to be
clamped to a table during operation using two thumbscrews. A stand-
ard grinding wheel is [6.000 in. and 1/2 in. thick, and has an internal
mounting hole with a 50.00 ± .03 bore.
Prepare the following drawings.
A. Draw an assembly drawing.
B. Draw detail drawings of each nonstandard part. Include positional
tolerances for all holes.
C. Prepare a parts list.

Project 6-19: Millimeters

Given the assembly shown in Figure P6-19 on page 372, add the following
fasteners.
1. Create an assembly drawing.
2. Create a parts list including assembly numbers.
3. Create a dimensioned drawing of the support block and specify a
dimension for each hole including the thread size and the depth
required.
Fasteners:
A.
1. M10 3 35 HEX HEAD BOLT
2. M10 3 35 HEX HEAD BOLT
3. M10 3 30 HEX HEAD BOLT
4. M10 3 25 HEX HEAD BOLT

370 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Figure P6-18 30 x to the bottom
surface
CHISEL

GRINDING WHEEL

ADJUSTABLE REST
The pictured triangular shape
is only a suggestion; any
shape rest can be specified. HOLDING SCREW
More than one may be
used.

SUPPORT
GRINDING WHEEL
This support may be 1/2" Thick, O6",
designed as a casting. 50.00±.03 Bore

SHAFT

At least 1"
opening
Insert HANDLE
here.
Locate BEARING
here, if specified.
LINK
THUMBSCREWS

Metal threaded end

SUPPORT GRINDING WHEEL

BEARING
HANDLE ASSEMBLY
wooden, metal threaded end SPACER
SPACER
NUT

This is a nominal setup. It may be

improved. Consider how the SPACERs SHAFT
rub against the stationary SUPPORT, and
consider double NUTs at each end of the NUT
shaft.
SPACER

LINK
SPACER

B.
1. M10 3 1.5 3 35 HEX HEAD BOLT
2. M8 3 35 ROUND HEAD BOLT
Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 371
 3. M10 3 30 HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW
4. M6 3 30 SQUARE BOLT

372 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

BLOCK, TOP
Assembly
Material: Mild Steel
All Parts Base

Gasket

BLOCK, TOP

1
2
Threaded
holes
3
Clearance
4 holes

GASKET

BASE

Figure P6-19

Project 6-20: Inches

1. Create an assembly drawing.
2. Create a parts list including assembly numbers.
3. Create a dimensioned drawing of the base and specify a dimension for
each hole including the thread size and the depth required.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 373

 Fasteners:
A.
1. 3/8-16 UNC 3 2.50 HEX HEAD SCREW
2. 1/4-20 UNC 3 2.00 HEX HEAD SCREW
3. 7/16-14 UNC 3 1.75 HEX HEAD SCREW
4. 5/16-18 UNC 3 2.25 HEX HEAD
SCREW B.
1. 1/4-28 UNF 3 2.00 HEX HEAD SCREW
2. #8 (.164)-32 UNC 3 2.00 INDENTED LARGE HEX HEAD SCREW
3. 3/8-16 UNC 3 1.75 CROSS RECESSED PAN HEAD MACHINE
SCREW
4. 5/16-18 UNC 3 1.75 HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW

Project 6-21: Millimeters

Given the collar shown in Figure P6-21, add the following setscrews.
1. Create an assembly drawing.
2. Create a parts list.
3. Create a dimensioned drawing of the collar. Specify a thread specifica-
tion for each hole as required by the designated setscrew.
Holes:
A.
1. M4 3 6-AS1421 DOG POINT-METRIC
2. M3 3 3 BROACHED HEXAGON SOCKET SET SCREW -
FLAT POINT - METRIC
3. M2.5 3 4 BS4168: PART 3 HEXAGON SOCKET SET SCREW -
CONE POINT - METRIC
4. M4 3 5 FORGED HEXAGON SOCKET SET SCREW - HALF DOG
POINT - METRIC
B.
1. M2 3 4 JIS B 1117 TRUNCATED CONE POINT - METRIC
2. M3 3 6 JIS B 1117 LONG DOG POINT - METRIC

Figure P6-21
Collar: Mild steel

374 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

 3. M4 3 5 SS-ISO 4766 SLOTTED HEADLESS SET SCREW
4. M1.6 3 4 JIS B 1117 FLAT POINT HEXAGON SOCKET SET SCREW

Project 6-22: Inches

Given the collar shown in Figure P6-22, add the following setscrews.
1. Create an assembly drawing.
2. Create a parts list.
3. Create a dimensioned drawing of the collar. Specify a thread specifica-
tion for each hole as required by the designated setscrew.

Figure P6-22
Holes:
A.
1. #10 (0.190) 3 .375 SQUARE HEAD SET SCREW - DOG POINT -
INCH
2. #6 (0.138) 3 .125 SLOTTED HEADLESS SET SCREW - FLAT
POINT - INCH
3. #8 (0.164) 3 .375 TYPE C - SPLINE SOCKET SET SCREW - CUP
POINT - INCH
4. #5 (0.126) 3 .45 HEXAGON SOCKET SET SCREW - UNBRAKO
CONE POINT - INCH
B.
1. #6 (0.138) 3 .25 TYPE D - SPLINE SOCKET SET SCREW - CUP
POINT - INCH
2. #8 (0.164) 3 .1875 SLOTTED HEADLESS SET SCREW - DOG
POINT - INCH
3. #10 (0.190) 3 .58 HEXAGON SOCKET SET SCREW - FLAT POINT
- INCH
4. #6 (0.138) 3 .3125 SPLINE SOCKET SET SCREW - HALF DOG
POINT - INCH

Project 6-23: Millimeters

Given the components shown in Figure P6-23:
1. Create an assembly drawing.
2. Create a presentation drawing.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 375

 Figure P6-23

376 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Figure P6-23
(continued)

3. Animate the presentation drawing.

4. Create an exploded isometric drawing.
5. Create a parts list.

Project 6-24: Inches

Given the assembly drawing shown in Figure P6-24:
1. Create an assembly drawing.
2. Create a presentation drawing.
3. Animate the presentation drawing.
4. Create an exploded isometric drawing.
5. Create a parts list.

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 377

 Adjustable Assembly

From Place from Content Center

Figure P6-24

378 Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners

Figure P6-24
(continued)

Chapter 6 | Threads and Fasteners 379