Jumbled Sentences Test

Exercise 1
1. will / garden / they / the / visit / afternoon / this.
2. caught / yesterday / the / fish / he / big / a.
3. are / books / my / favorite / these.
4. kitchen / brother / the / his / cleaning / is.
5. went / last / to / museum / the / she / weekend.
6. always / helps / with / homework / my / me / mother.
7. the / park / jogging / every / goes / morning / in / he.
8. movie / watching / we / enjoyed / that / the / last / night.
9. write / he / will / tomorrow / letter / a / her / to.
10. guitar / plays / beautifully / the / she.

Exercise 2
1. festival / attended / the / villagers / yearly / eagerly / the.
2. eagerly / the / submission / professor / awaited / the / assignment / of.
3. innovation / encouraged / the / team's / leadership / spirit / their / and.
4. afternoon / thunderstorms / city / unusual / the / hit / with / frequency.
5. ancient / explored / the / treasure / beneath / divers / the / ruins.
6. international / representatives / the / conference / attended / various / from / nations.
7. exceptionally / performance / the / was / acclaimed / by / critics / the.
8. contemporary / reflects / artist's / the / work / society's / struggles / the.
9. environment / to / the / be / crucial / is / recycling / for.
10. implementation / the / strategy / business / of / accelerated / company's / the / growth.

Exercise 3
1. He could have introduced
P. human rights and corrected
Q. more reforms, expanded
R. government, which contributed to
S. the past wrongs of his
6. the military unrest in the first place.

A. SPQR
B. RPQS
C. QPSR
D. PSQR
2. 1. The Indian Meteorological Department
A. that the coming
B. monsoon would
C. announced on Thursday
D. “mostly likely” be normal
6. this year.

A. ABCD
B. CABD
C. DBCA
D. CADB
E. None of these

3. 1. Last month, hundreds

P. of citizens hit the streets to
Q. defend democracy when
R. of thousands
S. a faction of the military
6. tried to seize power through a coup.

A. SPQR
B. RPQS
C. QPSR
D. PSQR

4. 1. The psychology professor

P. to an auditorium
Q. stress management principles
R. walked around on a
S. stage while teaching
6. filled with students.

A. RPSQ
B. SRPQ
C. RSQP
D. RQSP

5. 1. It was a rare occasion

P. fractious politics, with most parties
Q. of unity in the country’s otherwise
 R. Opposition politicians rushing
S. denouncing the coup bid and
6. to the government’s defense.

A. SPQR
B. QSPR
C. QPSR
D. PSQR

6. 1. India is likely to take

A. exempting small firms and individuals
B. on tax avoidance by
C. the sting out of a controversial law
D. seeking to crack down
6. and delaying its implementation over several months.

A. ABCD
B. CDBA
C. BCDA
D. CDAB
E. None of these

Exercise 4
1. For some time in his youth Abraham Lincoln was manager for a shop. ___________. Never
before had Lincoln had so much time for reading as had then.

A. Then a chance Customer would come.

B. Young Lincoln way of keeping shop was entirely unlike anyone else's.
C. Lincoln would jump up and attend to his needs and then revert to his reading.
D. He used to lie full length on the counter of the shop eagerly reading a book.

a. DCBA
b. BDAC
c. DBCA
d. BADC

2. S1: Calcutta unlike other cities kept its trams.

P: As a result there horrendous congestion.
Q: It was going to be the first in South Asia.
 R: They run down the centre of the road
S: To ease in the city decided to build an underground railway line.
S6: The foundation stone was laid in 1972.

A. PRSQ
B. PSQR
C. SQRP
D. RPSQ

3. S1: When a satellite is launched, the rocket begins by going slowly upwards through the air.
P: However, the higher it goes, the less air it meets.
Q: As the rocket goes higher, it travels faster.
R: For the atmosphere becomes thinner.
S: As a result there is less friction.
S6: Consequently, the rocket still does not become too hot.
The Proper sequence should be:

A. PRSQ
B. PSQR
C. SQRP
D. RPSQ

4. S1: Satyajit Ray made several films for children.

P: Later film makers have followed his lead.
Q: Today other nations are making the children's film in a big way.
R: This was at a time when no director considered children as potential audience.
S: Ray was, thus, a pioneer in the field.
S6: But today few think of Ray as a maker of children's films.

The Proper sequence should be:

A. PRSQ
B. PSQR
C. SQRP
D. RPSQ

5. S1: Hungary, with a population of about 10 million, lies between Czechoslovakia to the north
and Yugoslavia to the south.
P: Here a great deal of grain is grown.
Q: In recent years, however, progress has been made also in the field of industrialisation.
 R: Most of this country consists of an extremely fertile plain, through which the river Danube
flows.
S: In addition to grain, the plain produces potatoes, sugar, wine and livestock.
S6: The new industries derive mainly from agricultural production.

The Proper sequence should be:

A. QRSP
B. RPSQ
C. PRSQ
D. RQSP

6. S1: In 1934, William Golding published a small volume of poems.

P: During the World War II(1939-45) he joined the Royal Navy and was present at the sinking
of the Bismarck.
Q: He returned to teaching in 1945 and gave it up in 1962, and is now a full time writer.
R: In 1939, he married and started teaching at Vishop Wordsworth school in Salisbury.
S: At first his novels were not accepted.
S6: But the Lord of the files which came out in 1954 was welcomed as "a most absorbing and
instructive tale".

The Proper sequence should be:

A. RPQS
B. RPSQ
C. SRPQ
D. SQPR

7. S1: But how does a new word get into the dictionary?
P: When a new dictionary is being edited, a lexicographer collects all the alphabetically
arranged citation slips for a particular word.
Q: The dictionary makers notice it and make a note of it on a citation slip.
R: The moment new word is coined, it usually enter the spoken language.
S: The word then passes from the realm of hearing to the realm of writing.
S6: He sorts them according to their grammatical function, and carefully writes a definition.

The Proper sequence should be:

A. PQRS
B. PRSQ
C. RQPS
D. RSQP
 Sentence Correction

Q. 1 Identify the correct sentence(s).

A. It was a tough situation and Manasi was taking pains to make it better.
B. Slowly her efforts gave fruit and things started improving.
C. Everyone complemented her for her good work.
D. She was very happy and thanked everyone
A. A
B. D
C. B and C
D. A and C.

Q.2. Which of the following four sentences is grammatically correct?

A. Today we love, what tomorrow we hate; today we seek, what tomorrow we shun, today
we desire, what tomorrow we fear.
B. Today, we love what tomorrow we hate, today, we seek what tomorrow we shun, today,
we desire what tomorrow we fear.
C. Today we love what tomorrow we hate, today we seek what tomorrow we shun, today we
desire what tomorrow we fear.
D. Today we love what tomorrow we hate; today we seek what tomorrow we shun; today we
desire what tomorrow we fear.
1. A&B
2. Only B
3. C&D
4. Only D

Q.3. Some sentences are grammatically incorrect or inappropriate. Select the option that
indicates the grammatically correct and appropriate sentence(s).
A. When virtuoso teams begin their work, individuals are in and group consensus is out.
B. As project progresses, however, the individual stars harness themselves to the product of
the group.
C. Sooner or later, the members break through their own egocentrism and become a
plurality with single-minded focus on the goal.
D. In short, they morph into a powerful team with a shared identity.
A. A&C
B. A&D
C. B&D
D. A, C, & D

Q.4. Some sentences are grammatically incorrect or inappropriate. Select the option that
indicates the grammatically correct and appropriate sentence(s).
A. As they had common business interests, it did not take them very long to come to an
agreement on the issues under discussion.
B. If you want to go into the manufacturing business, you had better be prepared for a lot of
bureaucracy and governance.
C. Sportswear is very profitable business to be in at the peak of the inflation.
D. Only a small percentage of IIM Graduates have a real talent for the risk-taking of opening
new business avenues.
A. A only
B. B only
C. C only
D. D only
E. All of the above

Q.5. Some sentences are grammatically incorrect or inappropriate. Select the option that
indicates the grammatically correct and appropriate sentence(s).
(A) I have always maintained a policy of not intervening affairs that are not my business.
(B) The traffic was stationery for a few minutes after the accident, then its begun to move
again.
(C) She paid me a nice complement by saying that I was the most intelligent person she had
ever worked with.
(D) I am sorry but I wasn’t trying to avoid you.
A. A and C
B. D only
C. C and D
D. A and B
E. B and C

Correct the underlined sentence part:

Q.6. The solution that he worked out was not only correct but complicated.
A. was not only correct but also complicated.
B. was correct but complicated.
C. was correct only but complicated.
D. No correction required.

Q.7. Neither the winner nor the sponsors is prepared to face the press reporters.
A. Neither the winner nor the sponsors is
B. Neither the winner nor the sponsors are
C. Neither the winner nor the sponsors was
D. Either the winner nor the sponsors is

Q.8. If you are on a three-month software design project and, in two weeks, you’ve put
together a programme that solves part of the problem, show it to your Boss without delay.
A. and, you’ve put together a programme that solves part of the problem in two weeks
B. and, in two weeks, you’ve put together a programme that solves part of the problem
C. and, you’ve put together a programme that has solved part of the problem in two
weeks
D. and, in two weeks you put together a programme that solved only part of the
problem.

Q.9. The President has, in particular, taken umbrage with critics of the party who live of the
party’s largess.
A. taken umbrage about critics of the party who live of the party’s largess.
B. taken umbrage to critics of the party who live off the party’s largess.
C. taken umbrage on critics of the party who live of the party’s largess.
D. taken umbrage at critics of the party who live off the party’s largess.

Q.10. Most people cope up with anxiety by reaching for food rather then deal with their
feelings.
A. cope up with anxiety by reaching for food rather than deal with their feelings.
B. cope up with anxiety by reaching for food rather than dealing with their feelings.
C. cope with anxiety by reaching for food rather than deal with their feelings.
D. cope with anxiety by reaching for food rather than dealing with their feelings.

In each of the following sentences, four options are given. You are required to identify the
best way of writing the sentence in the context of the correct usage of standard written
English. While doing so, you have to ensure that the message being conveyed remains the
same in all the cases.

Q.11. When one reads the Hindi literature of the twentieth century, you find a striking
contrast between the writings of Munshi Premchand and later day writers of popular Hindi
fiction.
A. When one reads the Hindi literature of the twentieth century, you find a striking
contrast between the writings of Munshi Premchand and later day writers of popular
Hindi fiction.
B. When you read the Hindi literature of the twentieth century, one finds a striking
contrast between the writings of Munshi Premchand and later day writers of popular
Hindi fiction.
 C. When one reads the Hindi literature of the twentieth century, he finds a striking
contrast between the writings of Munshi Premchand and later day writers of popular
Hindi fiction.
D. If one reads the Hindi literature of the twentieth century, you find a striking contrast
between the writings of Munshi Premchand and later day writers of popular Hindi
fiction.
E. When one reads the Hindi Literature of the twentieth century, one finds a striking
contrast between the writings of Munshi Premchand and later day writers of popular
Hindi fiction

Q.12. My grandmother seldom ever wants to try and face the facts.
A. My grandmother seldom ever wants to try and face the facts.
B. My grandmother seldom if ever wants to try and face the facts.
C. My grandmother seldom ever wants to try to face the facts.
D. My grandmother seldom wants to try to face the facts.
E. My grandmother seldom want to try face the facts.

Q.13. The shopkeeper hadn’t hardly any of those kind of goods.

A. The shopkeeper hadn’t hardly any of those kind of goods.
B. The shopkeeper hadn’t hardly any of those kinds of goods.
C. The shopkeeper had hardly any of those kind of goods.
D. The shopkeeper had hardly any of those kinds of goods.
E. The shopkeeper had not hardly any of those kinds of goods.

Q.14. Ever since the sting operation, there has been much opposition from they who
maintain that it was an unauthorised act.
A. Ever since the sting operation, there has been much opposition from they who
maintain that it was an unauthorised act.
B. Ever since the sting operation, there has been much opposition from they who
maintain that it had been an unauthorised act.
C. Ever since the sting operation, there has been much opposition from those who
maintain that it was an unauthorised act.
D. Ever since the sting operation, there has been much opposition from those
maintaining that it was an unauthorised act.
E. Ever since the sting operation, there has been much of an opposition from them who
maintain that it was an unauthorised act.
Q.15. Although I calculate that my girlfriend will be here any minute, I cannot wait much
longer for her to arrive.
A. Although I calculate that my girlfriend will be here any minute, I cannot wait much
longer for her to arrive.
B. Although I reckon that my girlfriend will be here any minute, I cannot wait much
longer for her to arrive.
C. Because I calculate that my girlfriend will be here any minute, I cannot wait much
longer for her to arrive.
D. Although I think that my girlfriend will be here any minute, I cannot wait much longer
for her to arrive.
E. Because I think that my girlfriend will be here any minute, I cannot wait any longer
for her to arrive.

In each of the following questions, one or more of the sentences is/are incorrect. You have
to identify the incorrect sentence(s):

Q.16. (A) Salvation was to come from the direction of Central Asia, with Russia shipping
400,000 barrels per day of crude through an overland pipeline to Daqing, in northern China.
(B) However, it is more than a year behind schedule, and dogged by uncertainty.
(C) Suddenly the hundreds of coral atolls have shifted over into focus, even though the
documented evidence of oil and gas supplies is at best circumspect.
(D) Diplomatic reports suggest that China may be poised for a decisive push into the region.
A. A only
B. A and C
C. C only
D. A, B, C and D
E. Only B

Q.17. (A) I remember seeing a full page-advertisement with a bright background colour.
(B) The only other item on the page was a very small line of type in a lighter shade of the
same colour.
(C) Since I can still recall the ad, it must made an impression.
(D) Using colour to impact your design works best when it involves the unexpected or
extreme.
A. B
B. C
C. D
D. No error
E. A

Q.18. (A) Let the world go forth from this time and place would be to friend and foe alike.
(B) The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.
(C) Born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of
which our ancient heritage.
(D) Unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this
nation has always been committed.
A. A and C
B. A, B and C
C. A, C and D
D. A only
E. No error

Q.19. (A) The reason I like risotto has nothing to do with taste.
(B) Most rice dishes, pulao for instance—require you to cover the rice with water and then
go away and do something else while it cooks.
(C) It requires very constant attention.
(D) Take your eye away from the pan and you will soon have an ex-risotto or a risotto that
has failed its exam.
A. A only
B. C only
C. B and C
D. D only
E. B only

Q.20. (A) One of the most telling trends of last year were that news of 8 per cent GDP
growth stopped surprising us in India.
(B) The competitiveness-led buoyancy would continue and consolidate further in 2006.
(C) Even if one grants the possibility of some cyclical correction in the global growth
momentum or the consumer demand, there is likely to be a compensatory force in the
formed of investment demand.
(D) No doubt, with such robust investment activity, it is now going to be increasingly difficult
to keep interest rates low.
A. A and C
B. B and C
C. A and D
D. C and D
E. B and D
 SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS WORKSHEET

Choose the word from the options that is closest in the meaning of the given word
1. heed
a. trek b. consider c. consolidate d. bound
2. irk
a. shrug b. irritate c. devour d. avoid
3. entanglement
a. spark b. closure c. knot d. procrastination
4. blasphemy
a. profanity b. blandishment c. reverence d. squalid
5. flabbergasted
a. assaulted b. impaled c. astounded d. pleased
6. infuriate
a. exacerbate b. fury c. penetrate d. pacify
7. inculcate
a. Liberate b. Instil c. refer d. Inert
8. console
a. Cabinet b. enlighten c. superficial d. conceal
9. gullible
a. credulous b. guide c. dubious d. stable
10. serene
a. quiet b. senseless c. marine d. womanly
11. weary
a. dress b. dry c. bond d. tired
12. loquacious
a. talkative b. abdicate c. abduction d. beset
13. naïve
a. unsophisticated b. pious c. plentitude d. silent
14. wheedle
a. retreat b. deceive c. coax d. question
15. auspicious
a. deceitful b. foreboding c. favourable d. dangerous
Choose the word from the options that is farthest in the meaning of the given word
1. deference
a. disobedience b. similarity c. accordance d. consensus
2. alienate
a. associate b. earthling c. falsify d. helm
3. edible
a. unabashed b. unassailable c. unbefitting d. unpalatable
4. browbeat
a. threaten b. tyrannize c. extol d. censure
5. clemency
a. mercilessness b. unhygienic c. kind d. satanic
6. altercation
a. combat b. persistence c. singular d. concord
7. acquaint
a. alienate b. luxurious c. bleach d. stall
8. benign
a. malignant b. converse c. cautious d. friendly
9. malice
a. goodwill b. bitterness c. coddle d. distress
10. contrary
a. urbane b. agreeable c. unpleasant d. despicable
11. abdicate
a. deny b. usurp c. retain d. renounce
12. animosity
a. love b. plant like c. barren d. tiny
13. extravagant
a. unknown b. homebody c. punctual d. moderate
14. abrupt
a. continue b. laudable c. anticipated d. careless
15. recall
a. rebate b. demonstrate c. forget d. despise
Fill in the blanks with suitable article(s):
1. My daughter is learning to play ___ guitar at her school.
a. the b. an c. a d. no article
2. I think ___ woman over there has lost her purse. She must be feeling awful.
a. an b. a c. the d. no article
3. Kolkata is ___ capital city of _____ West Bengal.
a. a, the b. the, the c. no article, a d. the, no article
4. Grabbing this offer will give us ____ chance to buy more at ___ same price.
a. the, the b. a, the c. a, a d. a, no article
5. ____ bees were buzzing near their hives.
a. No article b. An c. A d. The
6. Do you want to go to ____ book store where you can get ___ first-hand edition of
____ anime story?
a. the, a, an b. the, the, the c. a, the, an d. no article, the, an
7. Samantha refurbished ___ old wardrobe into ___ new one and it was looking
incredible.
a. the, a b. an, a c. an, the d. no article, a
8. I borrowed ___ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
9. Harry passed ___ examinations because he worked hard for it during ____
semester.
a. an, the b. the, the c. the, a d. an, a
10. All ___ employees were asked to reach ___ office at sharp 9:00 AM for __
meeting.
a. no article, the, the b. the, no article, a c. the, the, a d. the, no article, the
Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions:
1. We are very excited __________________ our trip to Spain next week.
a. at b. with c. about d. over
2. I am very fond __________________ drinking green tea.
a. for b. of c. about d. at
3. Almost all politicians were involved __________________ the scandal.
a. in b. at c. with d. from
4. At the moment, she is recovering __________________ her injuries.
a. at b. of c. from d. with
5. A preface ...... a book introduces the book.
a. by b. to c. of d. over
6. The doctors administered a special course ____ antibiotics ____ the patient ____
combat the disease.
a. of, to, to b. of, on, to c. to, in, on d. in, of, to
7. Their country has no mineral resources to speak __________.
a. of b. in c. on d. with
8. They have set out ________a journey to a hill station.
a. in b. on c. of d. with
9. After the treatment, he was relieved ___________ the pain.
a. for b. of c. from d. with
10. My uncle apprised me ____ the incident.
a. about b. on c. in d. of
Replace the phrases with one word.
Q.1 An unconventional style of living
A. Cacography
B. Bohemian
C. Contemporaries
D. Hypochondriac

Q.2 A self-governing country or region

A. Autonomy
B. Autocracy
C. Anarchy
D. Ethnology

Q.3 That which cannot be corrected

A. Indelible
B. Inflammable
C. Illegible
D. Incorrigible

Q.4 One who is hard to please.

A. Fastidious
B. Fugitive
C. Fanatic
D. Fatalist

Q.5 A person who is extremely knowledgeable about a particular subject

A. Expert
B. Novice
C. Specialist
D. Rookie

Q.6 A person who hates and avoids human society

 A. Misogynist
B. Misanthrope
C. Anthropologist
D. Archaeologist

Q.7 A style in which a writer makes a display of his knowledge

A. Pedantic
B. Verbose
C. Pompous
D. Ornate

Q.8 A prima facie case is such

A. As it seems at first sight
B. As it is made to seem at first sight
C. As it turns out to be at the end
D. As it seems to the court after a number of hearings

Q.9 Words inscribed on tomb

A. Epitome
B. Epistle
C. Epilogue
D. Epitaph

Q.10 Tending to move away from the centre or axis

A. Centrifugal
B. Centripetal
C. Axiomatic
D. Awry

Q.11 A remedy for all diseases

A. Stoic
B. Marvel
C. Panacea
 D. Recompense

Q.12 Parts of a country behind the coast or a river's banks

A. Isthmus
B. Archipelago
C. Hinterland
D. Swamps

Q.13 To take secretly in small quantities

A. Robbery
B. Pilferage
C. Theft
D. Defalcation

Q.14 To get oneself used to a foreign climate

A. Adapt
B. Adopt
C. Accustom
D. Acclimatise

Q.15 An expression of mild disapproval

A. Warning
B. Denigration
C. Impertinence
D. Reproof

Q.16 Ready to believe

A. Credulous
B. Credible
C. Creditable
D. Incredible
Q.17 Very pleasing to eat
A. Appetising
B. Palatable
C. Tantalising
D. Sumptuous

Q.18 A government by the nobles

A. Aristocracy
B. Democracy
C. Autocracy
D. Bureaucracy

Q.19 The policy of extending a country's empire and influence

A. Communism
B. Internationalism
C. Capitalism
D. Imperialism

Q.20 Present opposing arguments or evidence

A. Criticise
B. Rebuff
C. Reprimand
D. Rebut
 Cloze Test
Passage 1
Chinese New Year is the most important holiday of the Chinese calendar. The New Year begins between
January 21 and February 20. The celebration starts with the second new moon after the beginning of
winter (December 21) and lasts until the next full moon. The Chinese …(1)… their years after 12
different animals: the rat, the ox, the tiger, the hare, the dragon, the snake, the horse, the sheep, the
monkey, the rooster, the dog, the pig. Some Chinese people believe …(2)… a human being’s personality
and character depends …(3)… the animal of the year he or she was born. The Chinese New Year …(4)…
the start of the next animal’s year. After the year of the pig the twelve year …(5)… starts over again
with the year of the rat.

1. a. name b. refer
c. mention d. call

2. a. that b. how
c. if d. whether

3. a. for b. up c. in d. on

4. a. writes b. focuses
c. conceals d. marks

5. a. process b. plot
c. period d. cycle

Passage 2
Can we see (1) ......... the earth is a globe? Yes, we can, when we watch a ship that sails out to sea.
If we watch closely, we see that the ship begins (2) ........ . The bottom of the ship disappears first,
and then the ship seems to sink lower and lower, (3) ......... we can only see the top of the ship,
and then we see nothing at all. What is hiding the ship from us? It is the earth. Stick a pin most of
the way into an orange, and (4) ......... turn the orange away from you. You will see the pin
disappear, (5) ......... a ship does on the earth.

6. A. if B. where C. that D. whether E. when

7. A. being disappeared B. to be disappeared C. to have disappeared

D. to disappear E. having disappeared

8. A. until B. since C. after D. by the time E. unless

 9. A. reluctantly B. accidentally C. slowly D. passionately E. carefully

10. A. the same B. alike C. just as D. by the way E. similar to

Passage 3
Jill was walking to her class slowly. She was worried ___1___ the History test she would have
to ___2___ that morning. As she was reaching the classroom, a piece of paper suddenly
fluttered down and ___3___ near her feet. As Jill glanced down at the paper, her heart nearly
___4___ a beat. It was the History test paper complete ___5___ answers!

Jill's very first thought was not to ___6___ anyone about what she had found. She would
memorize ___7___ the answers and do extremely ___8___ in the test. After some hard
thinking, however, she knew that it would be a very ___9___ thing to do. Besides, it would not
be ___10___ to her classmates. In the ___11___ , Jill returned the paper to her History teacher,
Miss James.

"Thanks, Jill. I have been searching high and ___12___ for it," said the teacher.

"I...I've read all the questions ___13___, Miss James," Jill confessed.

Miss James ___14___ her not to worry as she would think of new questions for the test. Jill's
___15___ sank. She was half hoping that the test ___16___ be cancelled. Nevertheless, she
did her best in the new test later that day.

A few days later, the test papers were ___17___ to the class. Go her pleasant surprise, Jill
discovered that she had ___18___ eighty marks.

"You know something," she told her friends. "I could easily have scored ___19___ marks if I
had cheated on this test. But I wouldn't be as pleased as I am ___20___ with the eighty marks
I obtained."

Passage 4
A desert is a special region where only certain kinds of plants and animals can survive. All
deserts have very ___1___ water. This means that only animals and plants that can ___2___
without water for long ___3___ of time can exist in the desert.

Plants in the deserts are particularly adapted ___4___ the dry and hot environment. ___5___
well-known desert plant is the cactus. ___6___ many desert plants, this plant has very tiny
 leaves. As plants lose most of their water ___7___ their leaves, the small leaves of the cactus
help to cut ___8___ water evaporation. There are ___9___ desert plants that do not have
leaves at all.

Some desert plants survive ___10___ avoiding the dry season altogether. ___11___ the dry
season, this plant remains as a seed and does not emerge ___12___ the soil at all. When the
rains come, this seed would grow very quickly ___13___ a plant. It would bloom rapidly
___14___ then scatter its seeds before the dry season ___15___.

Desert animals have also learnt to adapt ___16___ to life in this region. The camel, for
___17___ , survives well in the desert because water can be ___18___ in its body. Other desert
animals ___19___ rodents such as mice. These animals need very little water as they can get
___20___ the water they require from their food.

Passage 5
You have spent a day at the seaside. At the ___1___ of the day, everyone tells you how ___2___ darker
you look. You are proud of your tan; it makes you ___3___ healthy.

However, studies have ___4___ that too much sunlight can be damaging to your skin. Sunlight ___5___
harmful rays known as ultraviolet rays. Overexposure to these rays can ___6___ your skin to become
dry and wrinkled. It may even ___7___ you age faster! Worst of ___8___ , too much sunlight may even
result ___9___ skin cancer.

Our bodies ___10___ a kind of pigment called melanin. When the sun blazes ___11___ on you, the
melanin pigment helps protect your skin ___12___ absorbing as much ultraviolet rays as ___13___ .
However, if you stay in the sun ___14___ too long, this pigment is unable to 'cope ___15___' the strong
rays of the sun.

___16___ you do want to go swimming; you should take the following precautions. First, try to avoid
swimming ___17___ ten in the morning ___18___ two in the afternoon. These are the ___19___ when
the sun is the strongest. It may also be a good idea to ___20___ a sun protection lotion when you go
out in the sun.

Passage 6 - Fill in the blanks in the following passage:

It is often said that ___1___ you want a pet to look up to you, get a dog. If you want a pet that looks
straight ___2___ you, get a horse. For an animal that looks down ___3___ you, the cat must surely
___4___ this description.

Cats are their ___5___ bosses. They have ___6___ or no regard for anyone or anything. If you have
___7___ looked closely at the cat, you will observe that it looks at you ___8___ the corner of its eyes,
almost condescendingly. If you call to it, it appears to consider if ___9___ to your call is worth its
___10___. When it finally decides to humour you, it will swagger ___11___ you, sit itself an inch away
from you and start washing ___12___. It seems to say, "Well, ___13___ on with it, I don't have all day!"

Cats are creatures of ___14___. At precisely the ___15___ time every day, my cat would perform the
task he had been doing the day before. ___16___ to mew like a whistling kettle ___17___ berserk, for
its food; when to scratch the front door to be ___18___ out; when to leap ___19___ my unsuspecting
head in the morning ... these are all done ___20___ clockwork regularity.
 Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
The first murder ever committed in the United States occurred in September 1630, shortly after the
Pilgrims arrived in Massachusetts. John Billington was the father of two sons, one of the first to settle
in the new Plymouth Colony near what is today Boston, and one of the people who signed the
Mayflower Compact—and he was also the colony’s first murderer. Billington, in fact, was the first
person to commit any crime in the colony, as far as we know today. He was also the first to be executed
by the state in the New World. Billington’s crime was to shoot a man named John Newcomen, for
reasons which are lost to history. But Billington’s problems had not begun on the soil of North America.
He and his sons had nearly caused a mutiny aboard the Mayflower during the arduous trip across the
ocean. One of his sons, indeed, fired his gun aboard the Mayflower—near an open keg of gunpowder!
The flash from the gun could easily have ignited the powder, which would probably have sunk the ship.
Once in Plymouth Colony, Billington’s behaviour did not improve. He refused to serve any form of
military duty under the leadership of Miles Standish, a duty that was seen by the colonists as part of
every man’s responsibility in the New World. He was later implicated in a plot to overthrow the entire
leadership of Plymouth Colony, but a lack of evidence prompted the town’s leaders to let him go free.
In the end, Billington’s rebellious and angry nature caught up with him. He was found guilty of the
murder of John Newcomen and died in disgrace on the gallows.

1. Based on the information in the passage, which of the following best describes John Billington?
a. quiet and shy b. angry and rebellious
c. clever and amusing d. bold and patriotic

2. Which of the following is NOT true of John Billington, according to the passage?
a. He had two sons. b. He served in the military under Miles Standish.
c. He tried to lead a mutiny. d. He attempted to overthrow the government

3. The nearest meaning of the underlined word arduous, as used in the passage, is ________.
a. difficult b. simple c. long d. stormy

4. Why didn’t the leaders of Plymouth Colony punish Billington for rebelling against their authority?
a. He was not guilty. b. Billington was Miles Standish’s nephew.
c. He had two sons who needed him. d. They didn’t have enough evidence.

5. A good title for this passage would be _____.

a. A History of Plymouth Colony. b. The Injustices of Miles Standish.
c. America’s First Murderer. d. Early American Legal Battles
Passage 2
The crystal clear, blue water and the magnificent sun make the Caribbean Island of Saint Maarten a
favourite vacation spot, one that is popular with North Americans during their winter holidays from
December through March, as well as with South Americans and Europeans from April through August.
The French and Dutch settled on the island in the 1600s, and to this day, the island is divided between
the two of them. The French capital is Marigot; the Dutch capital is Philipsburg. Tourists soon discover
that St. Maarten has an intriguing history. Ancient artefacts found on the island date back to the Stone
Age, 6,000 years ago! Tourists also learn that 1,200 years ago the Arawak Indians inhabited all the
islands of the West Indies and were a peaceful people living under the guidance of their chiefs. Three
hundred years after the Arawaks first arrived on St. Maarten, in the 1300s, they were defeated and
forced to abandon the island by a hostile tribe of Indians originating in South America. This new tribe
was called the Carib. The Caribbean Sea was named after them. Unlike the Arawaks, they had no
permanent chiefs or leaders, except in times of strife. And they were extremely warlike. Worse, they
were cannibalistic, eating the enemy warriors they captured. Essentially, the very word cannibal comes
from the Spanish name for the Carib Indians. The Spanish arrived in the fifteenth century and,
unfortunately, they carried diseases to which the Indians had no immunity. Many Indians succumbed
to common European illnesses; others died from the hard labour forced upon them.

6. One can infer from the passage that the Stone Age people lived on St. Maarten around the year
________.
a. 6000 BC b. 4000 BC c. 800 AD d. 1300 AD

7. Which of the following is NOT true about the Carib Indians?

a. The sea was named after them.
b. They were peaceful fishermen, hunters, and farmers.
c. They ate human flesh.
d. They settled after defeating the Arawak Indians.

8. According to the passage, the Carib Indians were finally defeated by ___________.
a. sickness and forced labour. b. the more aggressive Arawak tribe.
c. the Dutch West India Company. d. the French explorers.

9. One can infer from the passage that the underlined word strife means ________.
a. cannibalism b. war c. duty-free d. Chief

10. According to the article, present-day St. Maarten __________.

a. belongs to the Spanish. b. is independent.
c. is shared by the French and the Dutch. d. is part of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Passage 3
During those barren winter months, with windows overlooking long dead gardens, leafless trees, and
lawns that seem to have an ashy look about them, nothing soothes the jangled nerves more than the
vibrant green of plants surrounding the living spaces of one’s home. People browse through garden
stores just to get a whiff of chlorophyll and to choose a plant or two to bring spring back into their
winter-grey lives. Now there is even more of a need for “the green,” in light of recent articles warning
us of the hazards of chemicals that we, ourselves, introduce into our homes. Each time we bring clothes
home from the cleaners, we release those chemicals into the closed-in air of our dwellings. Every
cleanser releases its own assortment of fumes. Some of the chemicals are formaldehyde, chlorine,
benzene, styrene, etc. Read the labels on many home products, the ingredients aren’t even listed!
During the winter, when those same windows are much like allergies. In fact, most people probably
dismiss the effects of these chemicals simply as a flare-up of some allergy or other. The truth is that
we are experiencing a syndrome that is called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Now, what has this got to
do with green plants? Everything healthy! Research has been conducted on two types of plants that
have actually removed many of these harmful chemicals from the air. The two plants that seem to be
the best bet for ridding one’s home of such chemicals are ferns and palms. These plants release
moisture as part of photosynthesis and, as they do, pull chemicals from the air into their leaves. Even
NASA has conducted some greenhouse experiments for long-term space exploration. Within hours,
their plants [palms] had removed almost all traces of formaldehyde in the room. Both species of plants
are ancient, dating back more than a hundred million years. Another trait they share is that they both
live long lives, 100 years or more. This we expect from trees, but ferns and palms are plants; plants
that can grow to 65 feet in the proper setting! Even their individual leaves live for one to two years
[ferns] and one to nine years (palms). Perhaps it is their primal qualities that have contributed to their
ability to purify their environment.

11. What is the main idea of the passage?

a. Our homes are full of contaminants.
b. Our allergies are caused by chemicals found in the home.
c. All plants release moisture in the home.
d. Certain plants can purify the home of many harmful chemicals.

12. According to the passage, when a few harmful chemicals combine, they can ______.
a. cause us to experience allergies.
b. cause a monumental task for homeowners.
c. contribute to a syndrome called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity.
d. contribute to photosynthesis in plants

13. The passage indicates that research ________.

a. has only been conducted using specific plants.
b. has only been conducted by NASA.
c. has not identified the sources of these chemical impurities.
d. has only benefited long-term space exploration.
 14. The passage infers a relationship between the antiquity of ferns and palms and their ability to
_______.
a. live long. b. purify air.
c. grow leaves that live long. d. react successfully in research experiments.

15. A good title for this passage is _____.

a. Research in the New Millennium. b. Home Dangers.
c. Common Houseplants May Purify Your Home. d. NASA Experiment Finds the Cure.

Passage 4
It is to progress in the human sciences that we must look to undo the evils which have resulted from a
knowledge of the physical world hastily and superficially acquired by the population unconscious of
the changes in themselves that the new knowledge has imperative. The road to a happier world than
any known in the past lies open before us if atavistic destructive passions can be kept in a leash while
the necessary adaptations are made. Fears are inevitable in time, but hopes are equally rational and
far more likely to bear good fruit. We must learn to think rather less of the dangers to be avoided than
of the good that will lie within our grasp if we can believe in it and let it dominate our thoughts. Science,
whatever unpleasant consequences it may have by the way, is in its very nature a liberator, a liberator
of bondage to physical nature and in time to come, a liberator from the weight of destructive passions.
We are on the threshold of utter disaster or unprecedentedly glorious achievement. No previous age
has been fraught with problems so momentous, and it is to science that we must look to for a happy
future.

16. What does science liberate us from? It liberates us from ______.

a) fears and destructive passions
b) slavery to physical nature and from passions
c) bondage to physical nature
d) idealistic hopes of a glorious future

17. Should human sciences be developed because they will ______.

a) provide more knowledge of the physical world
b) make us conscious of the changing world
c) make us conscious of the changing in ourselves
d) eliminate the destruction caused by a superficial knowledge of the physical world

18. If man's bestial yearning is controlled, _______.

a) the future will be tolerable
b) the future will be brighter than the present
c) the present will be brighter than the future
 d) the present will become tolerable

19. Fears and hopes according to the author _____.

a) are closely linked with the life of modern man
b) can bear fruit
c) can yield good results
d) are irrational

20. To carve out a bright future man should ______.

a) analyse dangers that lie ahead
b) try to avoid dangers
c) overcome fear and dangers
d) cultivate a positive outlook

Passage 5
Starting in 1957, Noam Chomsky proclaimed a new doctrine: Language, that most human of all
attributes, was innate. The grammatical faculty was built into the infant's brain, and your average 3-
year-old was not a mere apprentice in the great enterprise of absorbing English from his or her parents,
but a "linguistic genius." Since this message was couched in terms of Chomskyan theoretical linguistics,
in discourse so opaque that it was nearly incomprehensible even to some scholars, many people did
not hear it. Now, in a brilliant, witty and altogether satisfying book, Mr. Chomsky's colleague Steven
Pinker . . . has brought Mr. Chomsky's findings to everyman. In "The Language Instinct" he has gathered
persuasive data from such diverse fields as cognitive neuroscience, developmental psychology and
speech therapy to make his points, and when he disagrees with Mr. Chomsky he tells you so.

For Mr Chomsky and Mr Pinker, somewhere in the human brain, there is a complex set of neural circuits
that have been programmed with "super-rules" (making up what Mr Chomsky calls "universal
grammar"), and these rules are unconscious and instinctive. A half-century ago, this would have been
pooh-poohed as a "black box" theory, since one could not pinpoint this grammatical faculty in a specific
part of the brain, or describe its functioning. But now things are different. Neurosurgeons [have now
found that this] "black box" is situated in and around Broca's area, on the left side of the forebrain.

Unlike Mr. Chomsky, Mr. Pinker firmly places the wiring of the brain for language within the framework
of Darwinian natural selection and evolution. He effectively disposes of all claims that intelligent
nonhuman primates like chimps have any ability to learn and use language. It is not that chimps lack
the vocal apparatus to speak; it is just that their brains are unable to produce or use grammar. On the
other hand, the "language instinct," when it first appeared among our most distant hominid ancestors,
must have given them a selective reproductive advantage over their competitors (including the
ancestral chimps).
So according to Mr. Pinker, the roots of language must be in the genes, but there cannot be a "grammar
gene" any more than there can be a gene for the heart or any other complex body structure. This
proposition will undoubtedly raise the hackles of some behavioural psychologists and anthropologists,
for it contradicts the liberal idea that human behaviour may be changed for the better by
improvements in culture and environment, and it might seem to invite the twin bugaboos of biological
determinism and racism. Yet Mr. Pinker stresses one point that should allay such fears. Even though
there are 4,000 to 6,000 languages today, they are all sufficiently alike to be considered one language
by an extraterrestrial observer. In other words, most of the diversity of the world's cultures, so beloved
to anthropologists, is superficial and minor compared to the similarities. Racial differences are only
"skin deep." The fundamental unity of humanity is the theme of Mr. Chomsky's universal grammar and
this exciting book.

21. From the passage, it can be inferred that all of the following are true about Pinker's book, "The
Language Instinct", EXCEPT that Pinker:
a. disagrees with Chomsky on certain grounds.
b. writes in a different style from Chomsky.
c. draws extensively from Chomsky's propositions.
d. draws from behavioural psychology theories

22. On the basis of the information in the passage, Pinker and Chomsky may disagree with each
other on which one of the following points?
a. The Darwinian explanatory paradigm for language.
b. The language instinct.
c. The possibility of a universal grammar.
d. The inborn language acquisition skills of humans.

23. According to the passage, all of the following are true about the language instinct EXCEPT that:
a. all intelligent primates are gifted with it.
b. it confers an evolutionary reproductive advantage.
c. developments in neuroscience have increased its acceptance.
d. not all intelligent primates are gifted with it.

24. Which one of the following statements best summarises the author's position about Pinker's
book?
a. The evolutionary and deterministic framework of Pinker's book makes it racist.
b. Anatomical developments like the voice box play a key role in determining
language acquisition skills.
c. The universality of the "language instinct" counters claims that Pinker's book is
racist.
d. Culture and environment play a key role in shaping our acquisition of language.
Passage 6 - Fill in the blanks in the following passage:
The (1) _____ of technology has transformed the way we (2) _____ and communicate. With the (3)
_____ of smartphones and social media, staying connected with friends and family has never been
easier. However, this (4) _____ convenience also brings its own set of challenges. Many people find it
(5) _____ to disconnect from their devices and enjoy quality (6) _____ with loved ones. Finding a (7)
_____ between the benefits of technology and real-world (8) _____ can be a key to a balanced and (9)
_____ life.

1. a) evolution b) invention c) discovery d) extinction

2. a) learn b) forget c) communicate d) adapt

3. a) prevalence b) decline c) dominance d) absence

4. a) newfound b) outdated c) obsolete d) modern

5. a) easy b) difficult c) impossible d) useful

6. a) solitude b) interaction c) serenity d) distraction

7. a) balance b) discord c) rivalry d) overload

8. a) isolation b) connection c) separation d) distance

9. a) unbalanced b) hectic c) balanced d) disorganized

Passage 7 - Fill in the blanks in the following passage:

Without water …….(1)……. animal can survive. In desert regions, the greatest …..(2)…. to life is dying
up. But many creatures are able to make use of …..(3)…… little water that exists in arid areas. One of
nature’s masterpieces …(4)…. creatures equipped to …..(5)….. with desert life is the hardy camels.
Stories range the desert lands far and wide about ….(6)….. endurance feats by camels. It is said that
camels can …..(7)….. a distance of about 800 miles in eight days through continuous travel …..(8)…..
an intake of a single drop of water. The popular ….(9)…. that camels store water in their hump is
….(10)…. in a way, water is indeed stored there but in the form of fat.

1. (a) every (b) no (c) any (d) desert (e) exceptional

2. (a) need (b) worry (c) threat (d) requirement (e) inadequacy

3. (a) what (b) the (c) very (d) that (e) extremely

4. (a) for (b) about (c) among (d) with (e) of

5. (a) live (b) resist (c) bear (d) cope (e) mix

6. (a) remarkable (b) little (c) tolerable (d) popular (e) obvious
7. (a) measure (b) reduce (c) lead (d) reach (e) cover

8. (a) for (b) without (c) accepting (d) receiving (e) except

9. (a) proverb (b) guess (c) belief (d) version (e) statement

10. (a) baseless (b) wrong (c) misleading (d) correct (e) untruthful

Passage 8 – Find the correct sequence of the following sentences:

1. Despite an unprecedented boom in the market, ___________ what he had sold the previous year.

A) and had to remain content

B) the paper dealer could not

C) push up his sales

D) with the volume of sales lower than

a. BCAD
b. DBAC
c. ABCD
d. CABD

Passage 9 – Assemble the following paragraph:

1. Scientists have learned to supplement the sense of sight in numerous ways.
A. They look through a small pair of lenses arranged as a microscope into a drop of water or
blood and magnify by as much as 2000 diameters the living creatures there, many of which
are among man’s most dangerous enemies.
B. In front of the tiny pupil of the eye they put on Mount Palomar, a great monocle 200 inches
in diameter, and with it see 2000 times farther into the depths of space.
C. They can bring happenings of long ago and far away as coloured motion pictures, by
arranging silver atoms and colour-absorbing molecules to force light waves into the patterns
of original reality.
D. If we want to see distant happenings on Earth, they use some of the previously wasted
electromagnetic waves to carry television images which they re-create as light by whipping
tiny crystals on a screen with electrons in a vacuum.
E. If we want to see into the centre of a steel casting or the chest of an injured child, they send
the information on a beam of penetrating short-wave X-rays and then convert it back into
images we can see on a screen or photograph. Thus, almost every type of electromagnetic
radiation yet discovered has been used to extend our sense of sight in some way.
a. BCADE
 b. DBACE
c. EABDC
d. BADCE
e. BACDE

Passage 10 – Complete the statements

1. Despite his best efforts to conceal his anger ......
a) we could detect that he was very happy
b) he failed to give us an impression of his agony
c) he succeeded in camouflaging his emotions
d) he could succeed in doing it easily
e) people came to know that he was annoyed

2. “Even if it rains, I shall come” means ......

a) if I come it will not rain
b) if it rains, I shall not come
c) I will certainly come whether it rains or not
d) whenever there is rain, I shall come
e) I am less likely to come if it rains

3. His appearance is unsmiling but ......

a) his heart is full of compassion for others
b) he looks very serious on most occasions
c) people are afraid of him
d) he is uncompromising on matters of task performance
e) he is full of jealousy towards his colleagues

4. She never visits any zoo because she is a strong opponent of the idea of ......
a) setting the animals free into the forest
b) feeding the animals while others are watching
c) watching the animals in their natural abode
d) going out of the house on a holiday
e) holding the animals in captivity for our joy

5. I felt somewhat more relaxed ......

a) but tense as compared to earlier
b) and tense as compared to earlier
c) as there was already no tension at all
d) and tension-free as compared to earlier
e) because the worry had already captured the mind
 Picture Perception and Description Test
Picture 1

Picture 2
Picture 3

Picture 4
Picture 5

Picture 6
 +91 91333 38334
[email protected]
https://linkedin.com/mattheweliot

Vishnu A

Summary
Aspiring Web Developer specializing in front end development. Experienced with all stages of the
development cycle for dynamic web projects. Well-versed in numerous programming languages
including HTML5, PHP OOP, JavaScript, CSS, MySQL. Strong background in designing and
programming.

Skill Highlights
• Project management • Creative design
• Strong decision maker • Innovative
• Complex problem solver • Service-focused

Internship Experience
Web Developer - 05/2023 to 07/2023
Luna Web Design, Ahmedabad
• Cooperate with designers to create clean interfaces and simple, intuitive interactions and
experiences.
• Work with senior developer to manage large, complex design projects for corporate clients.
• Complete detailed programming and development tasks for front end public and internal
websites as well as challenging back-end server code.
• Carry out quality assurance tests to discover errors and optimize usability.

Education
Bachelor of Science: Computer Information Systems - 2023
ABC University, Chennai

CGPA – 8.2

Certifications
PHP Framework (certificate): Zend, Codeigniter, Symfony.
Programming Languages: JavaScript, HTML5, PHP OOP, CSS, SQL, MySQL.