INTERNATIONAL IS0

STANDARD 4386-3
First edition
1992-02-l 5

Plain bearings - Metallic multilayer plain

bearings -
Part 3:
Non-destructive penetrant testing

Pa/jet-s lisses - Paliers lisses m&alliques multicouches -

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Partie 3: ContrBle non destructif par ressuage

Reference number
IS0 4386-3: 1992(E)

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 IS0 4386-3:1992(E)

Foreword

IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide

federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are

circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter-
national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
bodies casting a vote.

International Standard IS0 4386-3 was prepared by Technical Committee

ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Sub-Committee SC 2, Maferials and
lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing
conditions.

IS0 4386 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plain
bearings - Metallic multilayer p/sin bearings:

- Part 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond

- Part 2: Destructive testing of bond for bearing mefal layer fhick-

nesses greater fhan or equal to 2 mm

- Part 3: Non-destructive penetrant testing

Annex A forms an integral part of this part of IS0 4386. Annex B is for
information only.

0 IS0 1992
All rights reserved. No part of this publlcatlon may be reproduced or utilized In any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanlcal, Including photocopying and mlcrofilm, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organlzatlon for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Genkve 20 l Switzerland
Prlnted In Swltzerland

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 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 438&3:1992(E)

Plain bearings - Metallic multilayer plain bearings -

Part 3:
Non-destructive penetrant testing

1 Scope IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid

International Standards.
This part of IS0 4386 specifies a non-destructive
penetrant testing for determining bond defects and IS0 4386-1:1992, Plain bearings - Metallic multilayer
discontinuities in the sliding surface of the bearing. plain bearings - Part I: Non-destructive ultrasonic
testing of bond.
The penetration method is used to detect

a) bond defects in the transitional area between the

3 Safety precautions
bearing backing/bearing material on the end
As penetrant inspection techniques often require the
faces and joint faces of multilayer plain bearings
use of dangerous, flammable and/or volatile ma-
which cannot be detected by the ultrasonic test-
terials, the relevant accident prevention, handling
ing method specified in IS0 4386-l;
of dangerous substances and environmental pro-
tection regulations shall be observed.
b) discontinuities in the sliding surface of the bear-
ing.
4 Preparation of test surface
The penetration method is applicable, in principle,
to finished multilayer plain bearings.
4.1 General
The bond test can be carried out only on cast multi-
layer plain bearings, with a backing consisting of The surfaces to be tested shall be free from residual
steel, cast steel or cast bronze. Bearing backings matter to allow the penetrant to ingress in any dis-
which cannot be tin-plated, or only with difficulty, continuity. Adherent metal splinters and chips
such as perlitic cast iron, rust-resistant steel and caused by machining shall be removed mechan-
cast aluminium, cannot be tested since no bond is ically, and adherent oil and grease removed
possible between the bearing material and bearing chemically. Finally, the surface shall be thoroughly
backing. dried, at a maximum temperature of 55 “C.

The test surface shall have a surface roughness of

R, < 5 pm.
2 Normative reference
4.2 Mechanical pre-cleaning
The following standard contains provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions Rust etc. shall be removed by brushing, by orhiding
of this part of IS0 4386. At the time of publication, using an abrasive blasting process, or by similar
the edition indicated was valid. All standards are methods. Care shall be taken to ensure that the de-
subject to revision, and pat-ties to agreements based fects are not sealed by the pre-cleaning process. If
on this part of IS0 4386 are encouraged to investi- necessary, etching is recommended after the use of
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- any mechanical method. The surface shall then be
tion of the standard indicated below. Members of thoroughly rinsed and dried.

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 IS0 4386-3:1992(E)

4.3 Chemical pre-cleaning uniform film. The coating thickness of the developer
shall be less than 25 pm.
Residval matter shall be removed by means of suit-
able cleaning materials, e.g. by degreasing solvents, In the case of fluorescent penetrants, the powder
etchants or paint strippers. After use, all traces of may be applied in a dust-storm cabinet.
cleanihg materials shall be removed completely
Since the penetrant diffuses rapidly in the devel-
from the test surface and from the discontinuities,
oper, the test surface shall be observed immediately
e.g. by rinsing the test surface. after the application of the developer for better in-
terpretation of the indications as they develop.
4.4 Drying Comparison between the results and the acceptance
criteria shall be carried out within 10 min to 60 min.
At the end of the pre-cleaning process, the surfaces A slight uniform discoloration is permissible.
to be examined shall be dried so that no water or
cleaning material remains in the discontinuities.
8 Inspection

5 Application of penetrant 8.1 Bond defects

5.1 A penetrant which is removable by water or Marks in the transitional area between the bearing
solvent shall be used for the test. The test tempera- backing/bearing material on the end faces or joint
ture, i.e. the temperature of the test surface, shall faces of multilayer plain bearings shall be evaluated
be between 10 “C and 50 “C. in accordance with IS0 4386-l.

NOTE 1 A very viscous penetrant increases the safety 8.2 Sliding surface
of the interim cleaning.
Surface discontinuities such as deep tool marks or
5.2 The penetrant shall be applied by immersing the breaking out of large crystals may leave marks
the bearing, or by means of a brush, or by spraying. which cannot be assessed. These surfaces shall be
The penetration time shall be 10 min to 60 min. With retested after they have been carefully machined
very viscous penetrants it shall be at least 20 min. again.
The surfaces to be examined shall be wetted con-
tinuously during this time. Isolated marks with dimensions not exceeding
I,5 mm shall be disregarded.

The results of the surface inspection shall be evalu-

ated and classified by comparison with figures A.2
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6 Removal of excess penetrant

to A.6. They specify five classes designated A to E,
in decreasing order of quality (see annex A).
The penetrant shall be removed from the surface by
rinsing or spraying with water (without detergents) The reference surface used in the comparison may
using a handspray with hydrostatic pressure of less be square or rectangular. It shall have an area of
than 2 bar, or by wiping with a cloth lightly 1 dm .
moistened with a solvent appropriate to the
penetrant system. Excess washing is to be avoided
by prechecking the procedure on a standard test
sample. The water or solvent used to remove the 9 Subsequent cleaning
penetrant shall have a maximum temperature of
50 “C. After final inspection, subsequent cleaning of the
component is necessary only in those cases where
the penetrant residues could interfere with subse-
quent processing or service requirements.
7 Application of the developer
The developer shall be applied to the test surface
immediately after the surface has been dried com- 10 Test report
pletely.
The result shall be recorded in a test report which
The developer is a powder in suspension in a liquid shall include the following information:
and shall therefore be carefully agitated or shaken
before it is applied to the test surface. It may be ap- a) reference to this part of IS0 4386;
plied by means of a spray gun or a spray can. It shall
be applied in such a manner as to ensure a thin and b) dimensions and material of the plain bearing;

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 IS0 4388-3:1992(E)

c) designation of the testing media used, together terial, and an indication of the permissible and
with the name of the manufacturer, type of prod- found defect group;
uct and batch number:
e) test result of the sliding surface and indication
d) result of the testing of the bond in the transitional of the permissible and found class;
area between the bearing backing/bearing ma-
f) place and date of inspection, and name of in-
spector.
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 IS0 4386-3:1992(E)

Annex A
(normative)

Designation classes and acceptance criteria

A.1 General
Figure A.1 shows types of mark.
The surface tested shall be compared with figures A.2 to A.6 which each represent an area of 1 dm*. The sur-
face tested may be square or rectangular, with a maximum side length of 250 mm.
The surface compared shall be the worst-affected part of the area under examination

1
F--i
:i ‘+....T
Liii!
C c
I I
4-LC
c= 2mm max.
a) Round mark bl Linear mark cl Linearly aligned marks

Figure A.1 - Marks

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 ISO. 4386-3:1992(E)

A.2 Class A acceptance criteria

a) No round mark with a> 3 mm.

b) No linear marks.

c) No linearly aligned marks.

d) No more than two marks, with a maximum total area of 6,3 mm*.

e) Maximum total area of marks: 10 mm’/dm*.

Figure A.2 - Shape and location of marks - Class A

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 IS0 4388-3:1992(E)

A.3 Class 6 acceptance criteria

a) No round mark with a> 4 mm.

b) No linear marks.

c) No linearly aligned marks.

d) No more than four marks, with a maximum total area of 16 mm*.

e) Maximum total area of marks: 20 mm*/dm*.

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Figure A.3 - Shape and location of marks - Class I3

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 IS0 4386-3:1992(E)

A.4 Class C acceptance criteria

a) No round mark with a > 5 mm.

b) No linear marks.

c) No linearly aligned marks.

d) No more than six marks, with a maximum total area of 40 mm*.

e) Maximum total area of marks: 50 mm*/dm*.

Figure A.4 - Shape and location of marks - Class C

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 IS0 4386-3:1992(E)

A.5 Cltiss D acceptance criteria

a) No round mark with Q > 6 mm.

b) No linear marks.

c) No linearly aligned marks with 2~ 10 mm.

d) No more than 11 marks, with a maximum total area of 100 mm*,

e) Maximum total area of marks: 125 mm*/dm*.

0.

Figure A.5 - Shape and location of marks - Class D

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 IS0 4386-3:1992(E)

A.6 Class E acceptance criteria

a) No round mark with a > 8 mm.

b) No linear mark with Q > 7 mm.

c) No linearly aligned marks with I> 16 mm.

d) No more than 20 marks, with a maximum total area of 250 mm*.

e) Maximum total area of marks: 250 mm*/dm*.

1
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0
B

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0.
Figure A.6 - Shape and location of marks - Class E

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 IS0 4386-3:1992(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Bibliography

[I] IS0 3452:1984, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant inspection - Genera/ principles.

[2] IS0 3453:1984, Non-destructive testing - Liquid penetrant inspection - Means of verification.

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 IS0 4386-3:1992(E)

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UDC 621.622.5:620.179.111
Descriptors: bearings, plain bearings, tests, non-destructive tests, penetration tests, determination, bonding, adhesion.

Price based on 10 pages

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