SJP3445 - Guide To Risk Reward
SJP3445 - Guide To Risk Reward
understanding
A guide to understanding the
balance between risk and reward
including the St. James’s Place individual funds,
fund of funds and portfolios
2 | A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward
Introduction
At St. James’s Place, our approach to We believe these are the key things
investment advice is based around you should consider when deciding
the following key principles: how to invest and when making
changes to how your money is
invested:
cash easily available to meet your
short-term needs, including an What are the risks of investing?
allowance for emergencies.
How do you choose investments
Taking a clear view of the timeframe that are suitable for you?
for which you’re able to invest
What types of investments can you
your money.
choose?
Not overlooking the impact that
Why should you diversify your
investments?
power of your money.
investment goals.
A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward | 3
interest rates.
Risk
You may not be able to afford a You may not be able to access your
fall in value money when you need it
It is important you hold cash for your
potential short-term needs and only
invest money that you can afford to
not be able to access your money when
you need to be comfortable that you
could withstand any losses if you were risk when you buy the investment but may
forced to sell after a fall in value. become an issue when you come to sell.
Investing for the future could make low-risk investments. National Savings
and Investments (NS&I) are an example
wellbeing, and as such the choice of of a very low-risk option. You should,
where to invest is an important decision. however, be aware that the real value
It’s important to bear in mind: of your investment is likely to be eroded
potential gain is likely to vary over time and may be different for each investment
you make. There are a broad range of options from low risk to high risk. The level
of risk will also be determined by the mix of investments and this can be discussed
and agreed with your Partner.
You’re looking for the potential to achieve exceptional returns but you accept that
this will be at a high risk to your money. You have considerable experience of making
range of asset classes that may be highly concentrated, contain high risk and specialist
investments. You accept that there may be sharp falls in the value of your investments.
You want your money to offer the potential for higher returns and you’re willing to invest
Upper-
bonds, property and global equities. You understand the additional risks of investing in
medium overseas markets, including less developed economies, and are comfortable with some
risk of your money being invested in these markets. You recognise that you may experience
Medium want the potential to achieve better long-term returns and are comfortable with your
risk money being invested in a range of assets, including bonds, property and global equities.
Lower-
medium growth in the longer term. You’re comfortable investing your money across a range of
risk assets, including bonds and equities which may fall in value. You accept it is possible
you may lose some of what you have invested.
of your money. You may be unable to commit to leaving your money invested for at least
Low risk
Most types of investment can be categorised into one of the classes described
on the following pages. For each class we have included a graph illustrating the
variability of annual returns in the recent past, although this should only be taken
as an indication of how returns may vary rather than the likely returns or the
maximum possible loss in a year. To assist with comparing the variability of returns
between the classes of investment, we have used the same scaling for each graph.
A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward | 7
Cash
This includes bank and building society cover the charges that are deducted
deposits. Other investments, such as from the investments.
money market instruments, are also
The chart below shows an example of
often included within this asset class.
the variation in annual returns for cash
Although the risk of a fall in value is
investments, based on average returns
typically low, interest rates can fall
on deposit accounts for investments of
and returns on cash investments are
£10,000 or more (Moneyfacts 90 Days’
Notice £10,000 Index) over the last 10
the longer term. In times of low interest
calendar years:
performance. Returns
20%
over other periods will
differ and may be lower or 10%
higher than those shown
0%
above.
#Please note that this is -10%
to the 14 May 2024 as this
-20%
is the most up-to-date 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
information available at
time of publication.
Bonds
This includes government and the government or company borrowing
corporate bonds. Typically, these the money. For example, an increase in
various terms and are used by will usually cause the current market
governments and companies to borrow value of bonds to fall, although it will not
money from investors. The capital usually affect the maturity value. Bonds
invested is usually returned in full at the with shorter terms are typically less
end of the term of the bond. However, sensitive to these changes than bonds
the capital value and level of income with longer terms.
provided by bonds are directly linked
Gilts (UK government bonds) are
normally the lowest-risk bonds, as
of the organisation involved. Bonds
the risk that the UK government will
tend to provide higher levels of income
default on its obligations to pay interest
or repay capital is very low. Indeed,
more. They are sensitive to changes
the UK government could, if it wanted
to, simply print money to meet its
investors’ views about the security of
obligations to investors.
8 | A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward
For corporate bonds, there is a greater their commitment to pay the income
chance that some of the companies or repay the capital when the bond
that issue the bonds will fail to make matures. The income generated by high
interest or capital payments in future. yield bonds is therefore typically greater
This would reduce the value of your than that generated by investment
investments, either due to the company grade corporate bonds, which, in turn,
missing payments, or because the is typically greater than that generated
value of the bond has fallen when by gilts.
investors believe the security of the
By investing in a range of companies,
company has reduced. ‘High yield’
you’re able to dilute the risk of any one
bonds carry a higher level of risk than
company defaulting.
bonds classed as ‘investment grade’,
which have been issued by more The chart below shows an example
of the variation in annual returns for
corporate bonds, based on the returns
In general, companies which are
of the Bloomberg Global Aggregate
time of publication.
Property
The chart on the next page shows
of commercial property will tend to an example of the variation in
annual returns for investments in a
in equities, but can still fall sharply from combination of 80% in the MSCI UK
time to time. The value of property Quarterly Property Index and 20% in the
is generally a matter of a valuer’s
opinion until the property is sold. Also,
commercial property cannot always be
readily sold, so investors may not be able term average cash weighting of daily
to access their capital quickly.
which do not take into account any
Property tends to generate a higher
fees, have been calculated with
level of income than cash, making it
income reinvested over the last
an attractive investment over the long
10 calendar years:
term for investors seeking income.
A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward | 9
or produced by MSCI. None of the MSCI data is intended to constitute investment advice or a recommendation to
make (or refrain from making) any kind of investment decision and may not be relied on as such.
Equities
These are shares in the ownership example, shares in companies in less
of companies, with the value of a developed economies, often called
company’s shares being directly linked
value more than shares in companies
value of investments in equities will in developed economies, such as the
United Kingdom.
of investments in bonds, but historically
The chart below shows an example
equities have provided higher returns
of the variation in annual returns for
over the medium to long term. However,
UK equity investments, based on the
it is important to remember that these
returns of the FTSE All-Share Index*. The
returns are not guaranteed and there
have been periods when equities have
any fees, have been calculated with
income reinvested over the last 10
of equities are riskier than others. For
calendar years:
Source: Financial Express.
40%
Past performance is
not indicative of future 30%
performance. Returns
over other periods will 20%
Alternative investments
Assets which do not fall into any of the Derivatives can be used either to
previous categories are often referred increase a fund’s exposure to certain
to as ‘alternative investments’. These assets or with the aim of reducing the
include commodities such as gold, volatility of returns. Derivatives carry
oil and timber. For most investors, the risk that the institution from which a
such assets would form only a small derivative has been bought might fail to
proportion of their overall investments. meet its obligations when they are due,
which would impact the value of the
Some funds also invest in derivatives.
investment.
These are contracts, issued by
investment banks, whose values
change depending on the value of
underlying assets such as equities,
bonds, commodities or currencies.
Individual funds
Fund-of-funds solutions
Portfolios
Any combination of our individual funds, fund-of-funds solutions and Portfolios can be used to create a
12 | A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward
We provide you with options to spread your investments across asset types and regions. You can also
choose fund managers with different styles.
Our ready-made solutions include our Polaris, Growth Portfolios and InRetirement ranges.
Growth Portfolios
The value of an investment with St. James’s Place will be directly linked to the performance of the funds
selected and may fall as well as rise. You may get back less than the amount invested.
A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward | 13
These solutions are designed as the starting point for discussions with your Partner, to help you to
choose the right investment strategy. These may not be right for everyone but depending on your
attitude to risk, you can tailor your investment choices by choosing individual funds or assets to meet
your objectives.
If your preferences are most closely aligned to the ‘High Risk’ investment approach, a full list of our
individual funds can be found later in our list on page 21.
The table below shows where these options are positioned on the risk spectrum.
Polaris 1
LOWER-MEDIUM Conservative Prudence InRetirement
LOW
We provide a breakdown of each of the 12 options available within the Polaris, Growth Portfolios and
InRetirement ranges on the following pages.
14 | A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward
Polaris Range
Each of the four solutions is structured as a fund-of-funds, meaning they invest in other funds rather than
directly in equities and bonds. Polaris invests primarily in SJP funds but can also invest in funds from other
providers. Units are bought in the overarching Polaris solution rather than the underlying funds themselves.
Lower-medium risk
Asset allocation
Medium risk
Asset allocation
Medium risk
Asset allocation
Upper-medium risk
Asset allocation
Growth Portfolios
your money over time. Each portfolio targets a different level of equity risk, meeting the needs of a broad range
of clients with differing investment objectives, investment risk, and capacity for loss.
Lower-medium risk
Portfolio asset mix Fund mix
6%
Linked Bond
5%
Global Equity 4%
Global High Yield Bond 3%
Bonds 54.0% Alternatives 20.0%
Emerging Markets Equity 2%
International Equity 25.0% UK Equity 1.0%
Medium risk
2%
Linked Bond
International Equity 47.0% Alternatives 17.0%
Emerging Markets Equity 2%
Bonds 34.0% UK Equity 2.0%
A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward | 17
Medium risk
Portfolio asset mix Fund mix
Medium risk
Portfolio asset mix Fund mix
Upper-medium risk
Where fund names differ for bond, unit trust & ISA Portfolios, these names are shown in italics. The Property fund
is not included in the offshore versions of the Portfolios and where different this is indicated. For each of the
portfolios, the fund mix shown is that at the time your investment is made.
Some funds within your portfolio will perform better than others, so over time those funds will make up a larger
proportion of your investments. Your Partner will regularly help you review your investments to make sure that
the balance of risks remains appropriate to your objectives.
A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward | 19
InRetirement Range
Each of the three solutions is structured as a fund of funds, meaning it invests in other funds rather than
directly in equities and bonds. InRetirement invests primarily in SJP funds but can also invest in funds from
other providers. Units are bought in the overarching InRetirement solution rather than the underlying funds
themselves.
Lower-medium risk
Asset allocation
Bonds 62.5%
split across sovereign, high yield and International Equity 36.0%
investment grade bonds.
UK Equity 1.5%
The fund additionally invests in
occur
Medium risk
Asset allocation
Medium risk
Asset allocation
UK Equity 3.0%
income, generally to high yield and
investment grade bonds
Balance InRetirement
22 | A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward
Key risks
The list of key risks below highlights the risks which are currently materially relevant to each fund.
The particular risks of each fund or solution depends on the type of assets in which it invests.
This fund invests in equities. The value of equities can rise and fall quite sharply at times.
B – Currency risk
The fund holds assets denominated in other currencies, the value of which may rise and fall due to movements
in exchange rates.
D – Bond risk
This fund invests in bonds. The price of a fund that predominantly invests in bonds will typically move by less
than that of a fund that invests mainly in company shares.
E – Credit risk
There is a risk the issuer of the fund’s investments will fail to make interest or capital payments. The value of
these securities will be affected by a change in the issuer’s ability to make payments, or the perceived credit
quality of the issuer.
an adverse impact on the trading price and can decrease the value of the fund.
This fund may invest in a focused portfolio and is typically exposed to fewer than 50 issuers. Its value is likely to
I – Commodities
This fund holds investments in less developed economies and invests in less mature stock markets, so its value
K – Smaller companies
larger companies based on their market capitalisation. Market conditions, such as a decrease in market
liquidity, may mean it is not easy to buy or sell the companies.
A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward | 23
L – Derivatives
This fund may use derivatives for investment purposes, or invest in Collective Investment Schemes that may use
derivatives for investment purposes. A derivative is a contract whose value changes depending on the value
its obligations when they fall due, this would impact the value of the fund. Leverage risk occurs when the use
of derivatives means that the fund could be exposed to a greater loss than the initial investment. In addition,
fall due, this could impact the value of the fund. This is known as ‘counterparty’ risk.
M – Private assets
The fund invests in private market asset classes. The performance of these assets may not be correlated with
may therefore need to rely on non-public sources of information or estimates when pricing the fund.
N – Redemptions
There is a possibility that if the fund experiences large redemptions or the asset classes in which it is invested in
O – Money market
guaranteed. Our range of money market funds do not rely on external support to guarantee liquidity or stabilise
managers only invest in highly rated money market funds and money market instruments that carry the highest
assets that are independently rated as having a high level of strength and security to maintain capital stability
and to limit potential exposure to loss of capital. The St. James’s Place Money Market Unit Trust is structured as a
short-term ‘variable net asset value’ (VNAV) money market fund.
P – Property
may not be able to sell or switch out of this fund when you want to. We may have to delay acting on your
instructions. The value of property can fall as well as rise and is generally a matter of a valuer’s opinion until the
property is sold.
fees. These fees will be in addition to the management fees and other expenses which the fund bears directly
with its own operation.
High yield bonds (normally rated below investment grade or unrated as measured by S&P or equivalent credit
rating agencies) generally carry greater market, credit and liquidity risk, meaning greater uncertainty of returns
and higher probability of default.
24 | A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward
A B H J
Upper-medium
Continental European A B
Japan A B K
North American A B H
Greater European Progressive Unit Trust A B J
Sustainable & Responsible Equity A B H
Global Growth A B
Global Equity A B
Global Quality A B
Global Value A B
Worldwide Income A B H
A B H
Medium
International Equity A B
UK Equity Income A K
UK A K
Balanced Managed A B D E F J L
Managed Growth A B D E F
Strategic Managed A B D E F R
Diversified Assets (FAIF) 1
D E F G M N Q
Property 1, 2
C G N P
Strategic Income A D E F J L R
Global Absolute Return A B C D E F I J L
Corporate Bond D E F R
Lower-medium
D E F L R
Global High Yield Bond D E F J R
Investment Grade Corporate Bond D E F
D E F
Global Government Bond D E F
Money Market (dollar and euro, offshore only) B C O
Low
The value of an investment with St. James’s Place will be directly linked to the funds selected and may fall as well
as rise. You may get back less than the amount invested.
A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward | 25
each fund.
Polaris Range
Upper-medium Polaris 4 A B J L Q
Medium Polaris 3 A B D E F J L Q
Medium Polaris 2 A B D E F L Q
Lower-medium Polaris 1 A B D E F L Q
InRetirement Range
The value of an investment with St. James’s Place will be directly linked to the funds selected and may fall as
well as rise. You may get back less than the amount invested.
You may decide to invest outside our core investment funds. Other investments we offer include Enterprise
Investment Schemes and Venture Capital Trusts. These typically lie towards the higher end of the risk spectrum.
Further information about these funds and investments is available from your St. James’s Place Partner.
26 | A guide to understanding the balance between risk and reward
The value of an investment with St. James’s Place will be directly linked to the
performance of the funds you select and the value can therefore go down as
well as up. You may get back less than you invested.
www.sjp.co.uk
The ‘St. James’s Place Partnership’ and the titles ‘Partner’ and ‘Partner Practice’ are marketing terms used to describe St. James’s Place representatives. Members of the
St. James’s Place Partnership in the UK represent St. James’s Place Wealth Management plc, which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.