CHAPTER 2

THE BATTLE OF SURABAYA

WAS LEGENDARY

BASIC COMPETENCES:
WHAT YOU ARE
3.7 Membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan
GOING TO LEARN:
unsur kebahasaan beberapa recount lisan dan tulis
dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait
Recount Text:
peristiwa bersejarah sesuai dengan konteks
1. Social Function penggunaannya
2. Generic Structures
3. Language Features 4.7.1 Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait
fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan
teks recount lisan dan tulis terkait peristiwa
bersejarah
3 MEETINGS
4.7.2 Menyusun teks recount lisan dan tulis, pendek
dan sederhana, terkait peristiwa bersejarah,
dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks,
dan unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai
konteks

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 18

 ACTIVITY 1
MEETING 1
Read this text carefully!
LEARNING STEPS:
THE BATTLE OF SURABAYA
1. Reading a recount
On November 10, Indonesia celebrates Hari Pahlawan text (Activity 1)
or Heroes Day in remembrance of the Battle of Surabaya 2. Finding the social
which started on that date in 1945. The bloody battle took function, generic
place because Indonesians refused to surrender their structures, and
weaponry to the British army, part of the Allied Forces. The language futures of a
defiant Bung Tomo is the well-known revolutionary leader recount text (Activity
who played a very important role in this battle. 2, Text Corner, and
It all started because of a misunderstanding between Grammar Focus)
British troops in Jakarta and those in Surabaya, under the 3. Doing exercise
command of Brigadier A.W.W.S. East Java, Mr. Surya. The (Activity 3)
agreement stated that British would not ask Indonesian
troops and militia to surrender their weapons.
However, a British plane from Jakarta dropped leaflets all over Surabaya. The leaflet told
Indonesians to do otherwise on October 27, 1945. This action angered the Indonesian troops
and militia leaders because they felt betrayed.

On October 30, 1945, Brigadier Mallaby was killed

as he was approaching the British troops post near
Jembatan Merah or Red Bridge, Surabaya. There were
many reports about the death, but it was widely
believed that the Brigadier was murdered by
Indonesian militia. Looking at this situation,
Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison brought in
reinforcements to siege the city.
Source: https://manado.tribunnews.com/2019/11/08/peringatan-hari-pahlawan-
10-november-sejarah-pertempuran-ternyata-dimulai-di-tempat-ini

In the early morning of November 10, 1945, British troops began to advance into Surabaya
with cover from both naval and air bombardment. Although the Indonesians defended the city
heroically, the city was conquered within 3 days and the whole battle lasted for 3 weeks. In
total, between 6,000 and 16,000 Indonesians died while casualties on the British side were
about 600 to 2,000.
Battle of Surabaya caused Indonesia to lose weaponry which hampered the country’s
independence struggle. However, the battle provoked Indonesia and an international mass to
rally for the country’s independence which made this battle especially important for
Indonesian national revolution.

Do you find some difficult words? List on your note book and ask to
your teacher.

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 19

 ACTIVITY 2
After reading the text, the discussion will be started by answering these several
questions!

1. What is the text about?

2. What caused the battle? Explain briefly the chronological event that led the battle!
3. What do you think about the Indonesian military power compared to the British army at
the time?
4. What made the Indonesians dare to face the British army military aggression?
5. How did the battle influence the national revolution?

TEXT CORNER
RECOUNT TEXT
Recounts record a series of events in the order in which they occurred. There are several
types of recounts, such as diaries, autobiographies, and biographies, or anything related to
histories (historical recounts). In this chapter, we are studying historical recounts.
Recount texts have a certain generic structure as follows:
Orientation : introducing what happened, where the event(s) took place and who was
involved in the event(s).
Events : describing the series of events
Reorientation : giving the closure of events or conclusion
While the language features of the text are as follows:
1. Use past tense because describing past events, e.g went, happened, stayed, saw.
2. Use action verbs, e.g read, cheered, attended.
3. Use time conjunction, e.g after, before, later, finally, when.
4. Use mostly adverb of time and place, e.g yesterday, last November, for around an hour, all
over Surabaya.

Let's take a look at the identification of the text "The Battle of Surabaya"

GENERIC SOCIAL FUNCTION: LANGUAGE

STRUCTURE To retell the battle of Surabaya in 1945 FEATURES

TITLE THE BATTLE OF SURABAYA

On November 10, Indonesia celebrates Hari

Pahlawan or Heroes Day in remembrance of the
Battle of Surabaya which started on that date in Past Tense
ORIENTATION example: took place
1945. The bloody battle took place because
Indonesians refused to surrender their weaponry
to the British army, part of the Allied Forces. ....

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 20

 GENERIC SOCIAL FUNCTION: LANGUAGE
STRUCTURE To retell the battle of Surabaya in 1945 FEATURES

It all started because of a misunderstanding Adverb of place

between British troops in Jakarta and those in example: in Jakarta
Surabaya, under the command of Brigadier
A.W.W.S. East Java, Mr. Surya. .... Action verb
However, a British plane from Jakarta dropped example: dropped
leaflets all over Surabaya. The leaflet told
Indonesians to do otherwise on October 27, 1945. Time conjunction
example: then
SERIES OF Then, this action angered the Indonesian troops
EVENTS and militia leaders because they felt betrayed.
On October 30, 1945, Brigadier Mallaby was
killed as he was approaching the British troops
post near Jembatan Merah or Red Bridge, Adverb of time
Surabaya. .... example: in the early
In the early morning of November 10, 1945, morning
British troops began to advance into Surabaya
with cover from both naval and air bombardment.
....
Battle of Surabaya caused Indonesia to lose
weaponry which hampered the country’s
independence struggle. However, the battle
REORIENTATION
provoked Indonesia and an international mass to
rally for the country’s independence which made
this battle especially important for Indonesian
national revolution.

GRAMMAR FOCUS
PREPOSITION OF TIME: IN - ON - AT

IN We use "in" before

ON We use "On" before AT We use "at" to express
months, years, days and dates. a precise time.
centuries, and long on Friday at 5 o'clock
period of time. on Mondays at 11.30 P.M.
in November on 4th July at lunch time
in winter on March 25th 2021 at the moment
in 2021 on Children's Day at midnight
in the 20th century on his birthday at sunrise
in Stone Age on Mother's Day at sunset

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 21

 ACTIVITY 3
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Rearrange these paragraphs into a good order of recount text.
2. Identify the social function, generic structure, and language features of the text!

GENERIC SOCIAL FUNCTION: LANGUAGE

STRUCTURE ........................................................................................... FEATURES

RENGASDENGKLOK

...... Past Tense

Based on Soekarno’s statement, at noon Shodanco Singgih
returned to Jakarta to deliver the news of the proclamation of
independence that Soekarno would convey to his comrades and Action Verbs
youth leaders. Meanwhile, in Jakarta there was a negotiation
between Achmad Subardjo (representing the old group) with
Wikana (representing the youth). From the negotiations it has
Adverbs of Time
reached an agreement, that the proclamation of Indonesian
independence should be implemented in Jakarta. In addition,
Admiral Tadashi Maeda allowed his residence to be used as a
negotiating place and even he was willing to guarantee the Adverbs of Place
safety of Indonesian leaders.

Time conjunction
......
Based on the agreement between the youth group and
Admiral Tadashi Maeda, Jusuf Kunto was willing to deliver
Achmad Subardjo and his private secretary to go to Soekarno
and Hatta to Rengasdengklok. Before leaving for
Rengasdengklok, Achmad Subardjo gave a guarantee with his
life that the proclamation of Indonesian independence will be
held on August 17th, 1945, not later than 12.00 P.M. with that
guarantee; the company commander of Cudanco Supeno of
PETA was willing to release Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta and
his entourage to return to Jakarta. The group arrived in Jakarta
at 05.30 P.M.

......
Rengasdengklok events occurred due to differences of
opinions between young and old groups about the issue when
implementing of the proclamation of Indonesia independence.
The incident took place exactly on August 16th, 1945.

......
Soekarno-Hatta was at Rengasdengklok for a whole day. The
efforts and plans of the youth to press the two leaders of the
Indonesian nation to quickly proclaim Indonesian
independence without any interference by the Japanese army
cannot be implemented. In the event Rengasdengklok it
seemed that both leaders have great authority so that the youth
feel reluctant to approach him, let alone do the emphasis.
However, through talks between Shodanco Singgih and
Soekarno, Soekarno declared that he was willing to proclaim
Indonesian independence after returning to Jakarta.

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 22

 ACTIVITY 4
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. After you identify the text in Activity 3, compare the identification of the text in Activity 1.
2. Write down the brief identification in this diagram.
3. Draw the conclusion of the announcements' differences and write down in the box.

TEXT 1 TEXT 2

SOCIAL
FUNCTION

TEXT 1 TEXT 2

GENERIC
STRUCTURE

TEXT 1 TEXT 2

LANGUAGE
FEATURES

CONCLUSION:

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 23

 ACTIVITY 5
MEETING 2
WARMING UP QUIZ
LEARNING STEPS:
This quiz is done individually.
It is related with the previous meeting's material.
1. Warming up quiz
One student gives a question to be answered by another
(Activity 5)
students, like a relay quiz.
2. Reading and
You are not allowed to open the note while doing the
Identifying social
quiz.
function, generic
The answer will be discussed together after all students
structures, and
finish doing the quiz.
language features of a
biographical recount
(Activity 6 - Text
ACTIVITY 6 Corner)
3. Having a practice
Read the text carefully! Then tell your teacher what you
(Activity 7)
understand about the text.

R.A. KARTINI

Raden Adjeng Kartini was born in Jepara on April 21st, 1876. She came from a noble family.
Her father, Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat was a regent who governed Jepara at that time.
While her mother, MA Ngasirah descended from the common people. Like the other children
from noble descent in general, she lived in prosperity and strict Javanese rules. She was the 5th
child of 11 brothers and sisters coming from her biological and stepmother. Among her siblings
from her biological mother, she was the eldest daughter.
R.A Kartini studied in the ELS School (Europese Lagere
School). She studied Dutch language there, so that she could
speak Dutch language very well. When she was 12 years old, she
had to quit studying because she had to do “pingit” at that time,
a rule of Javanese custom that forbid woman to go outside
before marriage. Finally, on November 12th 1983 she was married
to Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat.
After getting married, R.A Kartini never stopped learning. She
continued to study in her own house by reading a lot of European
books and magazines. While she was reading them, she found a
great difference between European women’s life with Indonesian
women. European women live in freedom and they have the
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartini same equivalent position with men while Indonesia women lived
under man’s power.
Based on that fact, she had an idea to change Indonesian women’s life. Then, She along with
her friends opened the first school for women in Indonesia in 1912 in Semarang. They taught
Indonesian women how to read and write, so that they could come out of ignorance.

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 24

 In addition to teaching, she also wrote letters to her friends in the Netherlands. One of them
is Rosa Abendanon which strongly supported Kartini’s idea. She also often wrote to the Dutch
women’s magazine De Hollandsche Lelie several times.
Thanks to her efforts, many women schools were built in other areas such as in Surabaya,
Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, and Cirebon. Moreover, there was also Kartini Foundation,
founded by Van Deventer’s family who was a political figure, opened Kartini’s School.
On September 13th 1904, R.A Kartini died after giving birth to her son named RM Soesalit. She
was 25 years old at that time. Although she had passed away, her spirit and brilliant ideas
remain alive. She has inspired Indonesian women to continue the struggle to make her dream
comes true.

Adapted from:
http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2015/07/biografi-ra-kartini-dalam-bahasa-inggris-terlengkap.html

TEXT CORNER
BIOGRAPHICAL RECOUNT TEXT

The text in Activity 6 is also called as recount text. It is biographical recount text. It tells us about a
person's life story. It aims at amusing the readers by relating one's experience. The tense mostly used
in this type of recount text is simple past tense.
The generic structure of a biographical recount text consists of:
Orientation/opening : introducing the background of a person, such as name, date, and place of
birth, origin, and parents
A series of events : relating a person's life or experience chronologically, including education
and career.
Re-orientation/closing : giving the closure of the events.

In a biographical recount text, we can also use various conjunctions, such as then, after that, when,
while, soon, because, although, etc.

ACTIVITY 7
Read this text and answer the following questions!

CUT NYAK DIEN

Cut Nyak Dhien was a leader of the Acehnese guerrilla forces during the Aceh War. She was
born in Lampadang in 1848. Following the death of her husband Teuku Umar, she led guerrilla
actions against the Dutch for 25 years. She was awarded the title of Indonesian National Hero
on 2 May 1964 by the Indonesian government.
Cut Nyak Dhien was born into an Islamic aristocratic family in Aceh Besar. Her father,
Teuku Nanta Setia, was a member of the ruling Ulèë Balang aristocratic class in VI mukim, and

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 25

her mother was also from an aristocratic family. She was educated in religion and household
matters. She was renowned for her beauty, and many men proposed to marry her. Finally, she
married Teuku Cik Ibrahim Lamnga, the son of an aristocratic family, when she was twelve.
On 26 March 1873, the Dutch declared war on Aceh. In November 1873, during the Second
Aceh Expedition, the Dutch successfully captured VI mukim in 1873, followed by the Sultan’s
Palace in 1874. In 1875, Cut Nyak Dhien and her baby, long with other mothers, were evacuated
to a safer location while her husband Ibrahim Lamnga fought to reclaim VI mukim. Lamnga died
in action on June 29, 1878. Hearing this, Cut Nyak Dhien was enraged and swore to destroy the
Dutch.
Some time later, Teuku Umar proposed to marry her. Learning
that Teuku Umar would allow her to fight, she accepted his
proposal. They were married in 1880. This greatly boosted the
morale of Aceh armies in their fight against Dutch. Teuku Umar and
Cut Nyak Dhien had a daughter, Cut Gambang.
The war continued, and the Acehnese declared Holy War
against the Dutch, and were engaged in guerrilla warfare.
Undersupplied, Teuku Umar surrendered to the Dutch forces on
September 30, 1893 along with 250 of his men. The Dutch army
welcomed him and appointed him as a commander, giving him the Source:
https://www.kompasiana.com/erlindafs/5edb47cad541df1bd
title of Teuku Umar Johan Pahlawan. However, Teuku Umar c096792/sejarah-singkat-perjuangan-cut-nyak-dien
secretly planned to betray the Dutch. Two years later Teuku Umar set out to assault Aceh, but
he instead deserted with his troops taking with them heavy equipment, weapons, and
ammunition, using these supplies to help the Acehnese. This is recorded in Dutch history as
“Het verraad van Teukoe Oemar” (the treason of Teuku Umar).
The Dutch general Johannes Benedictus van Heutsz sent a spy to Aceh. Teuku Umar was
killed during a battle when the Dutch launched a surprise attack on him in Meulaboh. When Cut
Gambang cried over his death, Cut Nyak Dhien slapped her and then she hugged her and said:
“As Acehnese women, we may not shed tears for those who have been martyred.”
After her husband died, Cut Nyak Dhien continued to resist the Dutch with her small army
until its destruction in 1901, as the Dutch adapted their tactics to the situation in Aceh.
Furthermore, Cut Nyak Dhien suffered from nearsightedness and arthritis as she got older. The
number of her troops was also decreasing and they suffered from lack of supplies.
One of her troops, Pang Laot, told the Dutch the location of her headquarters in Beutong Le
Sageu. The Dutch attacked, catching Dhien and her troops by surprise. Despite desperately
fighting back, Dhien was captured. Her daughter, Cut Gambang, escaped and continued the
resistance. Dhien was brought to Banda Aceh and her myopia and arthritis slowly healed, but in
the end she was exiled to Sumedang, West Java because the Dutch were afraid she would
mobilize the resistance of Aceh people. She died on 6 November 1908.
Adapted from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_Nyak_Dhien)

QUESTIONS:
1. When was Cut Nyak Dhien awarded the title of Indonesian National Hero?
2. What education did she receive when she was young?
3. When did the Aceh war start?

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 26

 4. What happened in Aceh in 1874?
5. Why did Cut Nyak Dhien swear to destroy the Dutch?
6. What was the effect of Cut Nyak Dhien’s marriage to Teuku Umar on the Aceh armies?
7. Why did Teuku Umar surrender to the Dutch in 1893?
8. According to the text, how should an Acehnese woman respond to the death of her family
member in a war?
9. What did Cut Nyak Dhien suffer from when she was old?
10. What was done by Cut Gambang after Cut Nyak Dhien was captured?

MEETING 3 ACTIVITY 8
LEARNING STEPS: LET'S SEE A VIDEO
Go to the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
1. Listening v=RlSXajHiPUU&feature=youtu.be
comprehension Watch the video entitled "From Dutch East Indies to
(Activity 8) Indonesia (1900 – 1949) – The History of Indonesia's
2. Writing and presenting Road to Independence" from History Hustle channel.
a historical recount Write down some important moments that being told in
text (Activity 9-10) the video.
Tell your teacher and friends what you write and ask
their feedback.

ACTIVITY 9
DO YOU KNOW?
INSTRUCTIONS:
The English language is
Students will be divided into some groups consists of 4
said to be one of the
students. happiest languages in the
Each group should write down 2 historical event and 2 world – oh, and the word
influenced-person in a small piece of paper. ‘happy’ is used 3 times
The papers will be collected and put in the box. more often than the word
‘sad’!
The representative of each group will take 1 paper to
decide what kind of recount text that will be made.
Based on the paper they take, each group have to make
a recount text with these conditions:
It has to be original, searching some references will be fine.
It has to consider the social functions, generic structures, and language features.
It has to consist of 4 paragraphs minimum.

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 27

 ACTIVITY 10
IT'S TIME FOR PRESENTING!
Each group will present the recount text that they have made.
Other groups who listen the presentation should make one mind mapping of a historical
event or someone's biography based on the presentation.
The mind mapping can be included some pictures. You can do as creative as you can.

HOW IF?
If you are asked to choose only one person that inspires you much in life, who would you choose?
Do you want to write a biography about the person?

SUMMARY
Recounts record a series of events in the order in which they occurred.
There are several types of recounts, such as diaries, autobiographies, and biographies,
or anything related to histories (historical recounts).
Generic structure of historical recount text are as follows:
Orientation : introducing what happened, where the event(s) took place and who
was involved in the event(s).
Events : describing the series of events
Reorientation : giving the closure of events or conclusion
Language features of historical recount text are as follows:
Use past tense because describing past events, e.g went, happened, stayed, saw.
Use action verbs, e.g read, cheered, attended.
Use time conjunction, e.g after, before, later, finally, when.
Use mostly adverb of time and place, e.g yesterday, two days ago.

“Ambition can creep as well as

roar.”
-Edmund Burke-

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 28

 FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Choose A, B, C, D, or E for the correct answer!
This text is for questions 1 to 5

Round Table Conference

Hague Agreement, also called Round Table Conference Agreement, is a treaty ratified in
Den hag, Holland on November 2, 1949, between the Netherlands and Republic of Indonesia.
The agreement attempted to bring an end to the Dutch-Indonesian conflict that followed the
proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945. After prolonged disagreement over its
provisions, the treaty was revoked in 1956.
According to the treaty, the Dutch agreed to transfer, by December 30, 1940, their political
sovereignty over the entire territory of the former Dutch East Indies, with the exception of
West New Guinea (West Irian), to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, which was to
be a federal government formed of the republican state and autonomous states created by
the Dutch. This new republic together with the Netherlands established a Netherlands-
Indonesian Union, which was intended to work for the common interest. In return for Dutch
political concessions, the new republic gave a guarantee to Dutch investors in the region and
accepted the debt of 4.3 billion guilders. The status of West New Guinea was to be settled in
discussions to take place the following year. In fact, the transfer was done on December 27,
1945.
The Hague Agreement apparently benefited the Netherlands and Indonesian nationalists
were dissatisfied with certain articles in the agreement, especially those dealing with the
nature of the state, the dominant role of the autonomous Dutch states, the debt and West
New Guinea problem. The dissatisfied nationalists drafted a provisional constitution in 1950
and established Indonesia as a unitary state. The conflict between the Dutch and Indonesian
nationalists continued and on April 21, 1956, the Indonesian parliament revoked the Hague
Agreement.

1. What is the kind of the text?

A. legend
B. experience recount
C. biographical recount
D. historical recount
E. descriptive
2. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To retell a historical event related to the result of Hague Argument or known as Round
Table Conference
B. The battle of New Guinea
C. The agreement between Netherlands and New Guinea
D. The Dutch agreed to transfer
E. To retell about Round Table Conference

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 29

 3. Why did the agreement not benefit Indonesia?
A. Because the agreement attempted to bring an end to the Dutch-Indonesian conflict that
followed the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945.
B. According to the treaty, the Dutch agreed to transfer, by December 30, 1940, their
political sovereignty
C. Because there were certain dissatisfying articles dealing with the nature of the state, the
dominant role of the autonomous Dutch states, the debt and West New Guinea problem.
D. Because with the exception of West New Guinea (West Irian), to the Republic of the
United States of Indonesia
E. In return for Dutch political concessions, the new republic gave a guarantee to Dutch
investors in the region
4. What happened on April 21, 1956?
A. The Hague Agreement apparently benefited the Netherlands.
B. The dissatisfied nationalists drafted a provisional constitution in 1950 and established
Indonesia as a unitary state.
C. The agreement attempted to bring an end to the Dutch-Indonesian conflict.
D. Indonesia accepted the debt of 4.3 billion guilders
E. The Indonesia parliament revoked the Hague Agreement.
5. What was the agreement made between?
A. Between New Guinea and Dutch
B. Between Indonesia and British
C. Between the Netherlands and Republic of Indonesia.
D. Between young and old groups
E. Between West Irian and West New Guinea
6. Where and when was the Hague Agreement signed?
A. West Irian
B. In Den Haag, Holland on November 2th, 1949
C. December 27th, 1945
D. West New Guinea
E. On December 30th, 1940 in West New Guinea
7. In your opinion, why did it take a few years for Indonesia to be totality free from the Dutch
colonialism?
A. The Dutch apparently didn’t give up and kept looking for another way to occupy
Indonesia.
B. Indonesia soldiers’ didn’t fight more.
C. The Dutch wants to that agreement.
D. The agreement attempted to bring an end to the Dutch-Indonesian conflict that followed
the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945.
E. The conflict between the Dutch and Indonesian nationalists continued and on April 21,
1956.

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 30

 This text is for questions 8 to 13

Bandung Sea of Fire

One of the most important historical events taking place in West Java is Bandung Lautan
Api or Bandung Sea of Fire. This event occurred on March 23, 1946. Within seven hours, about
200,000 houses in the southern part of Bandung burned down and residents left the city. It
happened in order to prevent the Allied soldiers and NICA (Netherlands) troops to be able to
make Bandung as strategic military headquarters in Indonesia.
On October 12, 1945 the British army, led by Brigadier MacDonald, arrived in Bandung.
Since the beginning, the relationship between the British army and Indonesian government
was strained. The British army demanded that all Indonesian people, except soldiers and
police, had to hand created over all firearms to them. Meanwhile, Dutch people newly
released from prison began to create insecurity among residents. As a result, armed clashes
between the British army and Indonesian soldiers were unavoidable.
On November 21, 1945 night, Indonesian soldiers launched an attack on the British
occupations in the north of Bandung, including in Homan Hotel and Pranger Hotel which they
used as headquarters. Three days later, Brigadier MacDonald delivered an ultimatum to the
Governor of West Java that all people, both residents and soldiers, had to vacate North
Bandung.
In response to the ultimatum, the Indonesian soldiers agreed to burn the city of Bandung.
They could never accept the Allied and NICA (Netherland troops using Bandung for military
benefits. On March 23, 1946, the Indonesian soldiers began the evacuation of Bandung
residents. A large and long group of residents left Bandung and in the evening the city was
burned down.
That night, black smoke soared high above Bandung city and there was a total blackout.
The British army found out what had happened and attacked the Indonesian soldiers. The
biggest fight took place in Dayeuh Kolot Village, south of Bandung, where there was the
Allied’s ammunition storage house. During the fight, Muhammad Toha, one of the Indonesian
soldiers, succeeded in blowing the storage house using dynamite though he was killed.
Before 00:00 A.M. South Bandung was empty, but the fire hadn’t been extinguished.
To burn down Bandung was considered to be an appropriate strategy since the Indonesian
soldiers and people’s strength at that time was incomparable to that of the Allied and NICA.

8. What is the text about?

A. The battle of Bandung
B. The agreement between Allied soldiers and NICA.
C. It’s about a historical event called Bandung Lautan Api or Bandung Sea of Fire.
D. The ultimatum for Governor of West Java
E. Bandung was burned at that time.
9. Why did Indonesian soldiers decide to burn down the city of Bandung?
A. To fall Bandung into pieces.
B. To save NICA troops from British army.

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 31

 C. Because the agreement between British army and Allied soldiers.
D. To prevent the Allied and NICA troops use Bandung as strategic military headquarters.
E. Because Bandung did not want to surrender their government.
10.Why is March 23, 1945 a very important date?
A. Because Brigadier MacDonald arrived in Bandung.
B. Because it is date when Indonesian soldiers began the evacuation to empty Bandung city
and burned it down in the evening.
C. Indonesian soldiers launched an attack on the British occupation in the north of Bandung.
D. Brigadier MacDonald delivered an ultimatum to the Governor of West Java.
E. Black smoke soared high above Bandung city.
11.How many hours did the evacuation take place?
A. Within seven hours
B. At that night
C. Since Brigadier MacDonald arrived
D. Three days later
E. After 00:00 A.M.
12.Where did the biggest fight take place?
A. Bandung City
B. North of Bandung
C. West Java
D. In Dayeuh Kolot Village
E. In one of Indonesian soldiers’ house
13.What can you learn from the event of Bandung Sea of Fire?
A. We must fight others.
B. We can learn that we should be willing to sacrifice everything, even our lives, for the sake
of our country.
C. We can learn to do some exercises for fighting our country.
D. We can be Indonesian soldiers after we have graduated.
E. We can win the biggest battle in the world.

This text is for questions 14 to 16

Prince Antasari
Prince Antasari is a National Hero. He is known for his heroic war against the Dutch
known as Perang Banjar (Banjar War). The war began when Prince Antasari and his 300
soldiers attacked the Dutch coal mine in Pengaron on April 25, 1859. After that he led many
attacks around Banjar Sultanate. The Dutch army, aided by more soldiers from Batavia,
could suppress Antasari’s movement, to the point that Antasari had to move his defense
fortress to Muara Teweh.
Many times the Dutch persuaded Prince Antasari to surrender, but he remained on his
attitude. This was written on his letter to Lieutenant Colonel Gustave Verspijk in
Banjarmasin on July 20, 1861: “… We strictly explain to you that we don’t agree to proposal
of mercy and we fight continuously demanding our inheritance right (independence) ….”

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 32

 The Dutch ever offered a gift of 10,000 guldens for anybody who could capture and kill the
Prince. However until the war had finished, nobody dared to take the offer. Prince Antasari
died surrounded by his soldiers because of lungs infection and smallpox during his struggle
against the Dutch.

14.Where did Banjar War start?

A. In Pengaron
B. In Muara Teweh
C. In Banjarmasin city
D. In Banjar Sultanate
E. On the Dutch fortress
15.What made Prince Antasari retreat to Muara Teweh?
A. He lost his coal supplies from Pengaron.
B. He was pressed on by the Dutch troops.
C. He needed to be treated from his sickness.
D. He regrouped with other reinforcement forces.
E. He planned to gather war resources in the fortress.
16.How is Prince Antasari described in the text?
A. Ambitious
B. Persistent
C. Forceful
D. Persuasive
E. Cunning

This text is for questions 17 to 20

….
Political career of Mohammad Yamin was initiated when he (1) ______ still a student in
Jakarta. He (2) ______ an organization called Jong Sumatranen Bond (Sumatras Youth
Association), and then he arranged Youth Pledge which was read in the 2nd Youth Congress
(3) ______ October 28, 1928. From Indonesia Muda (Youthful Indonesia) Organization, he
urged that Bahasa Indonesia, which rooted (4) ______ Malay language, was used as unity
language. After Indonesian independence, Bahasa Indonesia has been used as national
language and the first language of Indonesian literature.
….

17.The appropriate word to fill the blank (1) is ….

A. is
B. am
C. are
D. was
E. were

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 33

 18.The appropriate word to fill the blank (2) is ….
A. join
B. joins
C. joined
D. joining
E. will join
19.The appropriate word to fill the blank (3) is ….
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. from
E. for
20.The appropriate word to fill the blank (4) is ….
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. from
E. for

That is the end of Chapter 2

Ruhama Mardhatillah, S.Pd English for 10th Grade of MAN ICT 34

OBSESSED IS JUST A
WORD THE LAZY USED
TO DESCRIBE THE
DEDICATED.

-RUSSEL WARREN-