AN IMPROVED COEFFICIENT BOUNDS FOR SOME SUBCLASSES OF

m-FOLD SYMMETRIC BI-UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS

S.KAVITHA

Abstract. Let the analytic function f (z) = z + a2 z 2 + . . . and its inverse f −1 be univalent
(i.e. analytic and injective) in the unit disk. Such a class of functions are called bi-univalent
and it is denoted by σ [7]. In this article, the authors generalize the results of Q-H.Xu et all[14].

1. Introduction, Definitions and preliminaries

Let A denote the class of functions of the form

X∞
f (z) = z + an z n , z ∈ U, (1.1)
n=2

which are analytic in the open unit disk U = {z ∈ C : |z| < 1}. Further, let us denote by S the
class of all functions in A which are univalent in U (for more details on univalent functions, see
[2]). It is well known that every function f ∈ S has an inverse f −1 , defined by

f −1 (f (z)) = z, z ∈ U,

and  
−1 1
f (f (w)) = w, |w| < r0 (f ), r0 (f ) ≥ .
4
Indeed, the inverse function may have an analytic continuation to U, of the form

f −1 (w) = w − a2 w2 + 2a22 − a3 w3 − 5a32 − 5a2 a3 + a4 w4 + . . . .

(1.2)

A function f ∈ A is said to be bi-univalent in U if both f and f −1 are univalent in U, and let σ

denote the class of bi-univalent functions in U of the form (1.1). Some examples of bi-univalent
z 1 1+z
functions are , log and − log(1 − z) (see also the article of Srivastava et al. [10]).
1−z 2 1−z
Lewin [7] investigated the class of bi-univalent functions σ and obtained the bound |a2 | ≤ 1.51.
√
Motivated by the work of Lewin [7], Brannan and Clunie [1] conjectured that |a2 | ≤ 2, while
the coefficient estimate problem for each |an | (n ∈ N, n ≥ 3) of the Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients
remains still open [10].

2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 30C45.

Key words and phrases. Analytic functions, Univalent functions, Bi-univalent functions, m-fold symmetric
functions, m-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions.

1
2 S. KAVITHA

In the recent times, the study of bi-univalent functions gained momentum mainly due to the
work of Srivastava et al. [10]. Motivated by this article, many researchers (see [3, 5, 6, 11,
12, 14, 15, 16, 17]) recently investigated several interesting subclasses of the class σ and found
non-sharp estimates on the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients.
For each function f ∈ S, the function
r
p m m f (z m )
h(z) = f (z m ) ≡ z
zm
is univalent and maps the unit disk U into a region with m-fold symmetry. (All the powers are
the principal ones).
A function is m-fold symmetric if it has the normalized form
∞
X
f (z) = z + amk+1 z mk+1 , z ∈ U, (1.3)
k=1

and we denote the class of m-fold symmetric univalent functions by Sm (see [8, 9]). As a special
case, for m = 1, the functions in the class S are one fold symmetric.
Analogous to the concept of m-fold symmetric univalent functions, we will introduce the
concept of m-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions. Each function f of the class σ generates an
m-fold symmetric bi-univalent function for each integer m. The normalized form of f is given
as in (1.3) and f −1 is given by

g(w) = w − am+1 wm+1 + (m + 1)a2m+1 − a2m+1 w2m+1 −

 
 
1
(m + 1)(3m + 2)am+1 − (3m + 2)am+1 a2m+1 + a3m+1 w3m+1 + . . .
3
(1.4)
2

where f −1 = g, and we denote the class of m-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions by σm . For
m = 1 the formula (1.4) coincides with the formula (1.2) for the class σ. Some examples of m-
 m 1  1
z m 1 1 + zm m 1
m )) m
fold symmetric bi-univalent functions are , log and (− log(1 − z
1 − zm 2 1 − zm
1  wm 1
wm 1
 
m  m
e2w −1 m e −1 m
with the corresponding inverse functions , e2wm +1 and respec-
1 + wm ew m
tively. (All the powers are the principal ones).
In this article, we introduce two new subclasses of bi-univalent functions in which both f and
f −1 are m-fold symmetric analytic functions such that f 0 (z) and g 0 (w) belong to some specified
class and we obtain coefficient bounds of |am+1 | and |a2m+1 | for the functions of this new classes.
Our results generalizes the results obtained by Q-H.Xu et.al.[14].
We assume thorough of our paper that all the powers are the principal ones, that is log 1 = 0.
Inverse coefficients of a function are obtained generally by virtue of the relation f −1 (f (z)) = z.
 AN IMPROVED COEFFICIENT BOUNDS 3

However this technique is too difficult to apply in case of m-fold symmetric functions. To
overcome this difficulty, we use a general formula [4] to compute the coefficients of f −1 by
means of residue calculus as follows.

Theorem 1.1. Let f (z) be in the class S. Then the coefficients γn of the inverse function

f −1 (w) = w + γ2 w2 + γ3 w3 + . . .

is
n 
dn−1
 
1 z
γn = limz→0 . (1.5)
n! dz n−1 f (z)
In view of Theorem 1.1, formulae for the first two coefficients of m-fold symmetric bi-univalent
functions are as follows.
m+1 !
dm

1 z
γm+1 = lim (1.6)
(m + 1)! z→0 dz m f (z)
and
2m+1 !
d2m

1 z
γ2m+1 = lim . (1.7)
(2m + 1)! z→0 dz 2m f (z)
α
Definition 1.1. A function f (z), given by (1.3), is said to be in the class Hσ,m if the following
conditions are satisfied:

απ
f ∈ σm , arg(f 0 (z)) < , (z ∈ U; 0 < α ≤ 1) (1.8)
2
and
απ
arg g 0 (w) <


, (w ∈ U; 0 < α ≤ 1) (1.9)
2
where the function g(w) is given by

g(w) = w − am+1 wm+1 + (m + 1)a2m+1 − a2m+1 w2m+1

 
 
1
− (m + 1)(3m + 2)am+1 − (3m + 2)am+1 a2m+1 + a3m+1 w3m+1 + · · · .
3
2
α , 0 < α ≤ 1. Then
Theorem 1.2. Let f (z) , given by (1.3), be in the class Hσ,m
2α
|am+1 | ≤ p (1.10)
m (m + 1)(αm + m + 1
and
2α [(2m + 1)α + m + 1]
|a2m+1 | ≤ . (1.11)
(m + 1)(2m + 1)
4 S. KAVITHA

Definition 1.2. A function f (z), given by (1.3), is said to be in the class Hσ,m (β) if the following
conditions are satisfied:

f ∈ σm and < f 0 (z) > β, (z ∈ U; 0 ≤ β < 1 )

(1.12)

and

< g 0 (w) > β, (z ∈ U; 0 ≤ β < 1 )

(1.13)

where the function g is defined by (1.4).

Theorem 1.3. Let f (z) , given by (1.3), be in the class Hσ,m (β), 0 ≤ β < 1.
Then
s
(1 − β)
|am+1 | ≤ 2 (1.14)
(m + 1)(2m + 1)
and  
(1 − β)(2m + 1) + m + 1
|a2m+1 | ≤ 2(1 − β) . (1.15)
(m + 1)(2m + 1)
Definition 1.3. Let the functions h, p : U → C be so constrained that min{Re(h(z)), Re(p(z))} >
0 z ∈ U and h(0) = p(0) = 1. Also let the function f (z), given by (1.3), is said to be in the
h,p
class Hσ,m if the following conditions are satisfied:

f ∈ σm , f 0 (z) ∈ h(U), (z ∈ U) (1.16)

and

g 0 (w) ∈ p(U), (w ∈ U) (1.17)

where the function g(w) is given by

g(w) = w − am+1 wm+1 + (m + 1)a2m+1 − a2m+1 w2m+1

 
 
1
− (m + 1)(3m + 2)am+1 − (3m + 2)am+1 a2m+1 + a3m+1 w3m+1 + · · · .
3
2
Remark 1.1. From among the many choices of the functions h and p which would provide
interesting subclasses of analytic functions, we set
1+z α
 
h(z) = p(z) = (z ∈ U : 0 < α ≤ 1) (1.18)
1−z
or
1 + (1 − 2β)z
h(z) = p(z) = (z ∈ U : 0 ≤ β < 1) (1.19)
1−z
 AN IMPROVED COEFFICIENT BOUNDS 5

In each of the examples (1.18) and (1.19), one can easily verify that the functions h(z) and
h,p
p(z) satisfy the hypothesis of definition 1.3. Clearly, therefore, if f ∈ Hσ,m , then we have
απ
f ∈ σm , arg(f 0 (z)) < , (z ∈ U; 0 < α ≤ 1) (1.20)
2
and
απ
arg g 0 (w) <


, (w ∈ U; 0 < α ≤ 1) (1.21)
2
or

f ∈ σm and < f 0 (z) > β, (z ∈ U; 0 ≤ β < 1 )

(1.22)

and

< g 0 (w) > β, (z ∈ U; 0 ≤ β < 1 )

(1.23)

α
where the function g is defined by (1.4). This means that f ∈ Hσ,m or f ∈ Hσ,m (β). In this
paper, we continue our earlier works [13] on m-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions and we
improve our earlier bounds on the initial coefficients |a2 | and |a3 | by applying the methods used
by Q.H.Xu et al.[14].

2. Main results and their demonstration

In this section, we obtain the coefficient estimates for functions belonging to the subclass
h,p
Hσ,m , given in the definition 1.3.

h,p
Theorem 2.1. Let f (z) , given by (1.3), be in the class Hσ,m , 0 ≤ β < 1.
Then
s
|h2m (0)| + |p2m (0)|
|am+1 | ≤ 2 (2.1)
(2m!)(m + 1)(2m + 1)

and
|h2m (0)|
|a2m+1 | ≤ . (2.2)
(2m!)(2m + 1)

Proof. It follows from the conditions (1.16) and (1.17) that

f 0 (z) = h(z) (z ∈ U) (2.3)

and

g 0 (w) = p(w) (w ∈ U) (2.4)

6 S. KAVITHA

where h and p satisfy the hypotheses of 1.3. In addition, the functions h(z) and p(w) have the
following series expansions

h(z) = 1 + h1 z + h2 z 2 + · · · (2.5)

and

p(w) = 1 + p1 w + p2 w2 + · · · , (2.6)

respectively. Now, in view of the series expansions (2.5) and (2.6), by equating the coefficients
in (2.3) and (2.4), we get

(m + 1)am+1 = hm (2.7)

(2m + 1)a2m+1 = h2m (2.8)

−(m + 1)am+1 = pm (2.9)

and

(2m + 1)(m + 1)a2m+1 − (2m + 1)a2m+1 = p2m (2.10)

From (2.8) and (2.10), we obtain

(2m + 1)(m + 1)a2m+1 = h2m + p2m (2.11)

which gives the desired estimate on |am+1 as asserted in (2.1).

Next, in order to find the bound on |a2m+1 |, by subtracting (2.10) from (2.8) and using (2.11),
we get

(2m + 1)a2m+1 = h2m . (2.12)

which gives the desired estimate on |a2m+1 |, as asserted in (2.2). 

3. Corollaries and Consequences

By Specializing the choices of the function h(z) and p(z), as our observation in the remark
1.1, one can easily obtain the following corollaries as a consequence of Theorem 2.1.

α , 0 < α ≤ 1. Then
Corollary 3.1. Let f (z) , given by (1.3), be in the class Hσ,m
2α
|am+1 | ≤ p (3.1)
m (m + 1)(2m + 1
and
2α2
|a2m+1 | ≤ . (3.2)
m2 (2m + 1)
 AN IMPROVED COEFFICIENT BOUNDS 7

Corollary 3.2. Let f (z) , given by (1.3), be in the class Hσ,m (β), 0 ≤ β < 1.
Then
v    
1
u
u 4(1 − β) 1 + − 1 (1 − β)
u
t m
|am+1 | ≤ (3.3)
(m + 1)(2m + 1)
and    
1
2(1 − β) 1 + − 1 (1 − β)
m
|a2m+1 | ≤ . (3.4)
2m + 1
For the case of one fold symmetric functions, Theorem 2.1 reduces to the following results of
Q-H.Xu et al.[14].

Corollary 3.3. Let f (z) , given by (1.1), be in the class Hσα , 0 < α ≤ 1. Then
r
|h00 (0)| + |p00 (0)|
|a2 | ≤ (3.5)
12
and
|h00 (0)|
|a3 | ≤ . (3.6)
6
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Department of Mathem, SDNB Vaishnav College for Women, Chromepet,Chennai-600044

E-mail address: [email protected]