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MAT 187 Final Exam Reference Sheet

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17 views

MAT 187 Final Exam Reference Sheet

Uploaded by

halmajedi04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Even-Odd Identities

sin(−𝑥) = − sin 𝑥 cos(−𝑥) = cos 𝑥 tan(−𝑥) = − tan 𝑥

csc(−𝑥) = − csc 𝑥 sec(−𝑥) = sec 𝑥 cot(−𝑥) = − cot 𝑥

Reciprocal Identities

csc 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 = cot 𝑥 =

Quotient Identities

tan 𝑥 = cot 𝑥 =

Pythagorean Identities

tan! 𝑥 + 1 = sec ! 𝑥 cot ! 𝑥 + 1 = csc ! 𝑥

Cofunction Identities

cos(90° − 𝜃) = sin 𝜃 csc(90° − 𝜃) = sec 𝜃 cot(90° − 𝜃) = tan 𝜃

sin(90° − 𝜃) = cos 𝜃 sec(90° − 𝜃) = csc 𝜃 tan(90° − 𝜃) = cot 𝜃

Sum or Difference Identities Double-Angle Identities

sin(𝑢 + 𝑣) = sin 𝑢 cos 𝑣 + cos 𝑢 sin 𝑣 cos 2𝐴 =

sin(𝑢 − 𝑣) = sin 𝑢 cos 𝑣 − cos 𝑢 sin 𝑣


cos 2𝐴 =
cos(𝑢 + 𝑣) = cos 𝑢 cos 𝑣 − sin 𝑢 sin 𝑣

cos(𝑢 − 𝑣) = cos 𝑢 cos 𝑣 + sin 𝑢 sin 𝑣 cos 2𝐴 =

tan 𝑢 + tan 𝑣
tan(𝑢 + 𝑣) = sin 2𝐴 =
1 − tan 𝑢 tan 𝑣
tan 𝑢 − tan 𝑣 2 tan 𝐴
tan(𝑢 − 𝑣) = tan 2𝐴 =
1 + tan 𝑢 tan 𝑣 1 − tan! 𝐴

Half-Angle Identities
𝐴 1 − cos 𝐴 𝐴 sin 𝐴 𝐴 1 − cos 𝐴
tan = ±: tan = tan =
2 1 + cos 𝐴 2 1 + cos 𝐴 2 sin 𝐴

𝐴 1 + cos 𝐴 𝐴 1 − cos 𝐴
cos = ±: sin = ±:
2 2 2 2
Converting from Polar to Cartesian Coordinates Converting from Cartesian to Polar Coordinates

Given (𝑟, 𝜃), 𝑥 and 𝑦 are defined as follows: Given (𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑟 and 𝜃 are defined as follows:
𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 𝑟! = 𝑥! + 𝑦!
𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 tan 𝜃 = (𝑥 ≠ 0)
𝑥

Complex Number Theorems


Product (𝑟" 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃" )(𝑟! 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃! ) = 𝑟" 𝑟! 𝑐𝑖𝑠 (𝜃" + 𝜃! )

𝑟" 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃" 𝑟"


Quotient = 𝑐𝑖𝑠 (𝜃" − 𝜃! )
𝑟! 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃! 𝑟!

Power (𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃)# = 𝑟 # 𝑐𝑖𝑠 (𝑛𝜃)


! ! 𝜃 + 360° ∙ 𝑘
√𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃 = √𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑠 D I
𝑛$% Root 𝑛
Where 0 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑛 − 1

Slope Slope-intercept Form Point-Slope Form Standard Form


𝑦! − 𝑦"
𝑚= 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 − 𝑦" = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥" ) 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥! − 𝑥"

Average Rate of Change


!(#)%!(&)
The average rate of change of 𝑓(𝑥) over the closed interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is given by 𝑚 =
#%&

The Difference Quotient


The slope of a secant line to 𝑓(𝑥) passing through the points (𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥)) and (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ)) is given by
!('())%!(')
)
Sequences and Series

Explicit Formula for an Arithmetic Sequence 𝑎# = 𝑎" + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)


𝑛
Sum of an Arithmetic Sequence 𝑆# = (𝑎 + 𝑎# )
2 "

Explicit Formula for a Geometric Sequence 𝑎# = 𝑎" (𝑟)#&"

1 − 𝑟#
Sum of a Finite Geometric Series 𝑆# = 𝑎" T U
1−𝑟
𝑎"
Sum of a Convergent Infinite Geometric Series 𝑆=
1−𝑟

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