Paramount

1111
Power Electronics

Unique Collection of Questions with

Detailed Solutions
 PREFACE

It is our pleasure, that we insist on presenting “Paramount 1111” authored for

Electrical Engineering to all of the aspirants and career seekers. The prime
objective of this book is to respond to tremendous amount of ever growing
demand for error free, flawless and succinct but conceptually empowered
solutions to all the questions.
This book serves to the best supplement for GATE 2023 (EE).
Simultaneously having its salient features the book comprises :
 Step by step solution to all questions.
 Complete analysis of questions through concept wise.
 Solutions are presented in simple and easily understandable language.
The authors do not sense any deficit in believing that this title will in many aspects, be different
from the similar titles within the search of student.
In particular, we wish to thank GATE ACADEMY expert team members for their hard work
and consistency while designing the script.
The final manuscript has been prepared with utmost care. However, going a line that, there
is always room for improvement in anything done, we would welcome and greatly appreciate the
suggestions and corrections for further improvement.

Umesh Dhande
Vice President - Academics GATE & ESE
(UNACADEMY)
 6 Power Electronics

Questions
Q.1 A DC to DC converter is operated from a 0.8  4 mH
DC source voltage of 100 V as shown in
figure. If the load resistance is 200  ,
internal resistance of inductor is 0.8  100 200 

and duty cycle () is 0.4 then the average

output voltage is ________V. (rounded
off to three decimal places
Q.2 In the circuit shown an ideal switch s is operated s 10 mH
at 100 kHz with a duty ratio of 50%. If peak to is +
I0
peak ripple current of capacitor is 2 A and ripple
+
free load current is 10 A. Then [MSQ] 50V_ C V0
R
(A) The value of critical capacitor is 256 pf. ID
_
(B) The average current through diode is 5 A.
(C) The value of input power is 250 W.
(D) The rms value of source current is 1.414 A.
Q.3 The circuit in the figure is a voltage TM
commutated DC-DC chopper where, TM is iC + VTM I 0  Constant
V TA
the main SCR and TA is the auxiliary SCR. – c L
Vs O
VT A A
The load current is constant at 120 A. TM is
D
turned on at t = 0. For C  40 F, L  20 H, L D

Vs  230 V, then [MSQ]

(A) The peak value of current through capacitor is 325.27 A.
(B) Circuit turn off time for main thyristor is 101.67 µsec.
(C) The peak value of current through capacitor is 750.54 A.
(D) The Peak value of current through main thyristor TM is 445.27 A.
 6.2 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.4 The switch S1 and S2 are controlled so that only one of them is ON at any instant. S1 is turned
on for 0.4 msec and S2 is turned on for 0.9 msec in 0.13 msec switching cycle time period
assuming continuous condition of the inductor current and negligible ripple on the capacitor
voltage.
s1

s2 L
15V _+ + +
C _ Vc R V0
10V +_ _

Then the output voltage V0 (in Volt) across R is ______. (rounded off to two decimal)
Q.5 A boost converter has an input voltage of 5 V and the average output voltage of 15 V. The
average load current is 1 A at a switching frequency of 20 kHz.
L

Then the peak value of inductor current for L  250 μH is _____ A. (rounded off to two
decimal places)
Q.6 For the chopper circuit shown, duty ratio is 0.3. The chopping frequency to limit the amplitude
of load current excursion to 8 A is.

0.05 H
+
400 V D V0
–
120 V

(A) 700 Hz (B) 300 Hz (C) 1000 Hz (D) 210 Hz

Q.7 A voltage – commutated chopper has the following parameters : Vs  220V , load circuit
parameters are 0.5 , 2 mH, 40 V (RLE load) and commutation circuit parameters : L  20 H
and C  50 F , Ton  800 sec , T  2000 sec. Then [MSQ]
TM
iC + VT I 0  Constant
Vc TA M

– L
Vs O
VT A A
D
L D
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.3
(A) For a constant load current of 80 A effective ON period of chopper is 1075 sec .
(B) Peak current through main thyristor is 347.87 A.
(C) Peak current through main thyristor is 427.85 A.
(D) For a constant load current of 80 A effective ON period of chopper is 1010 sec.
Q.8 A DC-DC converter as shown in figure operates at a switching frequency of 5 kHz and at a duty
cycle of 0.5. [MSQ]
Switch

10 
100 V 10 mH 120 V
E

The turn on voltage of chopper switch is 5 V and the value of capacitor is very large value for
ideal diode, the value of battery charging is ______ amp.
(A)The maximum and minimum value of inductor current are 0 A and 0.95 A.
(B)The average value of charging current is 0.2375 A.
(C)The value of supply power is 123.75 W.
(D)The average value of output current is 10.99 A.
Q.9 Consider the center - tap full wave rectifier as shown in figure below with N1  10, N2  5,
N3  15, Lk  10μH, I0  20A and vs  100sin 2(60)t . Assume the diodes have no forward
voltage drops, then the average output voltage (in volt) is ________.

Q.10 A DC-DC converter [as shown in figure (a)] provides voltage across IGBT [as shown in figure
(b)]. If all devices are ideal and capacitance is very large, then supply power (in watt) will be
______.
10 mH i0 ViGBT

120 V
R
Vs C V0 40 V
E t ( sec)
0 40 80 100 140

Fig. (a) Fig. (b)

 6.4 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.11 A non-isolated buck-Boost converter operates in continuous inductor current mode, as shown in
figure below.

Switch
L
L O V0
100 V C A
D

For a sufficiently large value of capacitance the maximum and minimum voltage appears across
capacitor are 50 V and 40 V respectively. If the average current of diode is 8 A, then load power
(in W) will be ________. (rounded off to nearest integer)
Q.12 A D.C. converter as shown in figure operates at a switching frequency of 10 kHz and duty cycle
of 0.6.
L1 L2


VC C1

1

 
200 V VC C2 R V0

2

The values of inductance L1 and L2 are high and load voltage (V0 ) is almost ripple free. Then
dc voltage (in V) of capacitor C1 will be _______. (rounded off to nearest integer)
Q.13 A 3- full converter feeds power to a resistive load of 10  . For a firing angle of 300 the load
takes 5 kW. Find the magnitude of per phase (rms) input supply voltage.
(A) 230 V (B) 188 V (C) 108.5833V (D) 153.56 V
Q.14 A full wave rectifier supplied by 30 V AC source is used to charge a 24 V battery as shown in
figure,
5

D1 D3
is

Vs  30 V 24

D4 D2

Power supplied to the battery in watts is _____. (rounded off to two decimal places)
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.5

Q.15 A single phase full converter, fed from 230 V, 50 Hz source, is operating at a firing angle of 600.
The load current is assumed ripple free at 10 A. The active and reactive power inputs to the
converter are respectively,
(A) 1150 W, 1991.8 VAr (B) 732.11 W, 1268.02 VAr
(C) 1035.2 W, 1793.0 VAr (D) 1793.0 W, 1035.2 VAr
Q.16 A single phase semi-converter is connected to 300 V, 50 Hz supply. Continuous ripple free 10
A current flowing through load. If the firing angle delay is 300 , then the input power factor will
be,
(A) 0.62 (B) 0.72 (C) 0.82 (D) 0.92
Q.17 A diode circuit feeds an ideal inductor as shown in figure, consider source voltage of 200 V
 100 
(rms) 50 Hz and L    mH . The initial value of the inductor current is zero. For the peak
  
value of the inductor current to be as 20 2 A , the switch S should be closed at t  _____.

(A) 2.5 ms (B) 5 ms (C) 7.5 ms (D) 10 ms

Q.18 A 3-phase fully controlled bridge converter is fed from a 3-phase 400 V (line), 50 Hz mains. For
firing angle of 600 , output current is level at 25 A, and output voltage is 250 V, for this converter
the angle of overlap in degree is _______. (rounded off to two decimal places)
Q.19 Figure shows the single phase Asymmetrical semi-converter with R-L-E load.
V0
IT1
I0
T1 60o D1

10
I D1
100 sin 314t
L  Large

T2 D2 +
50V
IT2 I D2 _

The value of RMS current (in Amp) through diode D2 is _______. (rounded off to two decimal)
Q.20 For the diode circuit shown below if the switch is closed at t  5 msec then find the average
value of current flowing through switch (in A) ________. (round off to one decimal)
 6.6 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

has a load R  1, E  230V and a

large value of inductor to make output
current ripple free and continuous and
have a value of 15 A. The firing angle
for inverting mode of operation is
(A) 131.290 (B) 151.240
(C) 142.750 (D) 84.750
Q.21 For the diode circuit shown below: Q.24 A single phase full wave controlled
[MSQ] rectifier is operating at firing angle  .
Each SCR has turn ON voltage of 1.5 V
i0 +
Ideal diode and the value of load inductance is very
large. The load EMF (E) will be either +
100 2 sin100 tV V0
0.1H 90 V or – 90 V. Load current is constant
for some selected value of triggering
_
angle  and the load resistance varies
(A) The average value of output voltage from 0  to 50 . Then, which of the
is zero. following statements are correct?
(B) The value of DC voltage is 6. [MSQ]
(C) The value of current ripple factor is T1 T3
R
0.707.
1 Vs
(D) The value of RMS current is . L
2 T4 T2
Q.22 The diode of a single-phase half wave E
diode rectifier has a voltage drop of 0.7
(A) Supply power factor will be 0.6366
V at 2 A (average) and 1.2 V at 30 A
for constant load current ‘ i0 ’,
(average). If this diode is carrying a half
sine wave of peak current 30 A, then   450 , E  90V and R  0 .
conduction loss in the device will be, (B) Load current ‘ i0 ’ will be constant for
Practical diode
D
  1200 , E   90V and R  35  .
I
_ R
(C) Voltage across load resistance ‘R’
+ Vd
will be constant for   300 ,
d
_ L
+ VT
O E  90V and R  10 .
A
D (D)Supply power factor will be 0.778 for
constant load current ‘ i0 ’,   1350 ,
(A) 10.358 W (B) 20.71 W E   90V and R  0 .
(C) 12.681 W (D) 8.028 W Q.25 A single phase full wave mid-point
Q.23 A three-phase midpoint converter, fed converter as shown in figure operates in
from a 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply, electrical breaking mode.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.7
N1 : N2 When the thyristor T3 is short circuited

due to fault then the rms value of source
10  L 250 V
500 V,   current (in A) is _______. (round off to
50 Hz i0  V0  two decimal places)
 Q.28 Two single phase full bridge rectifiers
are connected in series and delivers
The maximum positive voltage block by power to pure resistive load at a
each S.C.R. is 500 V and load current is
ripple free. If average current of SCR is triggering angle of each SCR is 600 ,
5.4 A, then [MSQ] then transformer rating will be (in VA)
(A)The maximum value of thyristor ________. (rounded off to two decimal)
voltage is 500 V.
(B)The average value of output current
is 20.16 A.
(C)The average value of output voltage 
100 V,
is 142 V. 50 Hz 50 

(D)The value of triggering angle is 

o 1: 3
153.15 .
Q.26 A single phase half wave rectifier with
free-wheeling diode is shown below
then average value of thyristor current Q.29 The diode circuit is shown below,
(in Amp) is ________. (  due to Ls  VD1
_
o
+
5 ) (rounded off to three decimal places) A
D1
55o
iT 400 V,
V0
50 Hz B
I0 + D2 i0
L1
FD R  10  C R
V0
D3
100sin 314t L  Large
_
The value of voltage VD at t  10o is
Q.27 A single phase full wave controlled _______. (rounded off to two decimal)
rectifier as shown in figure below.
Q.30 Consider a network shown in below
  30o
figure the capacitor is initial charge to
T1 T3 voltage V0  50 V with upper plate

+
is positive. Switch is closed at time t  0 .
Vs 10A L
_

+ +
Vc C
100 V V –
T4 T2 –
 6.8 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Then the waveform of capacitor voltage
at time t  0 is
(A)

Switch module

(A) i
i

v
v v
i
(B)
(B) i
i

v
v
i

i
(C)

(C)
v
v v
i

(D)

(D) Q.32 The 800 V, 500 A SCRs are to be used

in a power circuit having rating of 7.5
kV, 1000 Amp and the derating factor is
10%. The number of SCRs connected in
string ______.
Q.33 A series LC combination circuit with
thyristor in the circuit is operated with
no external voltage, but with an initial
Q.31 The v-i characteristic of ideal switch current of 250A in inductor. The circuit
module (as shown in figure) will be. parameters are L  10μH, C  50μF.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.9
Then the current extinguishes in the Q.36 A switch module as shown in figure,
circuit for a time of
(A) 70.25 μs (B) 35.12 μs
(C) 140.5 μs (D) 17.56 μs
Q.34 For an active AC to DC ideal converter a b
as shown in figure. IGBT is triggered at
2.5 msec, if average load voltage is 230 Operates at 5 kHz switching frequency.
V. For this converter which of the If a voltage 100sin t is applied across
following statements are correct? terminals ‘a’ and ‘b’, then which of the
[MSQ] following statements is correct.
D1
(A) In OFF state of switch module, entre
 i0
positive voltage of supply will block
IGBT
10  by only IGBT.

230 V, 50 Hz D2 V0 (B) In conduction state, entire negative
 L
voltage will block by only SCR.

 E (C) It is four quadrant operated switch.


(A) Load current (i0 ) will be continuous. (D) None of the above.
(B) Maximum possible voltage blocked Q.37 A power electronics switch is ideal in
conduction and blocking (voltage = 0
by diode D1 can be (Vm  E ) .
and current = 0). It is used in a circuit
(C) Maximum possible voltage blocked
with switching voltages and currents as
by IGBT will be less than 230 V.
shown in the figure. The switching times
(D) Supply power factor may be defined
' tr ' and ' t f ' are 50 ns and 100 ns
by,
2
I 0(rms) R  EI 0(avg) V0(avg) I 0(avg) respectively
cos    (V, I )
Vs (rms) I s (rms) Vs (rms) I s (rms)
200 V 200 V
Q.35 An SCR (as shown figure below) is used
to control the intensity of lamp, if SCR
latching current is 50 mA, holding 10 A
dv
current is 35 mA and rating of
dt max t
Switching scheme - I
SCR is 100V/ μsec, then minimum
(V, I )
conduction period (msec) of SCR is
________. (rounded off to two decimal) 200 V 200 V

10 10 A
100 V 10 k
1mF t
Switching scheme - II
 6.10 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Evaluate the energy loss in total. For
scheme 1 and 2 respectively
(A) 83.33μJ and 50μJ 2

(B) 50μJ and 75μJ _

2
(C) 75μJ and 50μJ

(D) 50μJ and 83.33μJ

Q.38 A single phase full bridge inverter has

RLC load of R  4  , L  35mH and 2
C  155 μF . The DC input voltage is
230 V and the fundamental output
frequency is 50 Hz. The conduction time (A) Average value of thyristor current is
of the diodes (in msec) is (consider only 14.21 Amp.
fundamental components) ______. (B) Rms value of load current is 18.37
(rounded off to three decimal places) Amp.
(C) Load power is 10.123 kW.
Q.39 A single phase inverter is operated in (D) Rms value of thyristor current is 7.5
PWM mode generating a multiple pulse Amp.
width in the center of each half cycle as Q.41 A three phase full bridge converter is fed
shown in the figure. It is found that the from 400 V, 50 Hz mains. For a firing
output voltage having each pulse width angle of 600 , average output voltage
of 300 . The percentage ratio of 3rd due to source induction is 250 V. If
harmonic output voltage with respect to source inductance is 2mH then the
V  value of load resistance in ohms () is
fundamental output voltage  03  is _______. (rounded off to two decimal
 V01  places)
_______. (rounded off to two decimal Q.42 A 3-phase voltage source inverter is
places) operated in 1800 conduction mode.
Which one of the following statements
/6
is/are true?
(A) Both pole-voltage and line-voltage
will have 3rd harmonic components.
(B) Pole-voltage will have 3rd harmonic
component but line-voltage will be
free from 3rd harmonic.
Q.40 A three phase bridge inverter delivers (C) Line-voltage will have 3rd harmonic
power to a resistive load from a 450 V component but pole-voltage will be
free from 3rd harmonic.
dc source. For a star connected load of
(D) Both pole-voltage and line-voltage
10 per phase then for 1200 mode. will be free from 3rd harmonic
[MSQ] components.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.11

Q.43 In the 3-phase inverter circuit is shown below, the load is balanced and the gating scheme is
1800 conduction mode. All the switching device are ideal

If the dc bus voltage VD  100 V , the power consumed by 3-phase load is _______ watts.
(rounded off to three decimal place)
Q.44 In a 3-phase 1200 conduction mode of three phase voltage source inverter as shown in figure,
the source dc voltage is 300 V.

S1 S3 S5
+
Vs
_ A B B

S2 S4 S6

A B
R4 R5

R6
C

The rms value of 5th harmonic component of line voltage is ______. (correct upto two decimal
places)
Q.45 A single phase bridge inverter shown in the figure has an ideal transformer with primary turns
N1 equal to 12. For obtaining a fundamental frequency output voltage of 320 V, the number of
secondary turns N 2 in transformer should be (for calculation take   3 ).

(A) 160 (B) 339 (C) 170 (D) 240

 6.12 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.46 A single phase inverter is operating in PWM mode. The generated output voltage waveform is
shown in the figure.
V0

200

0 t
15 0 45 0 750 180 0

The rms value of 5th harmonic voltage is ______V. (rounded off to two decimal places)
Q.47 A 3- voltage source inverter operating in 1800 conduction mode, with source voltage
Vs  150 V and a star connected resistive load with resistance R  50  . Then find the sum of
RMS value and average value of thyristor current (in A) ( ITrms  ITavg ) ________. (rounded off to
two decimal places)
Q.48 For a single-phase, full bridge inverter as shown in figure is fed from 230 V dc, is connected to
RL load.

S1 D1 S3 D3
+ V0 – I
0
Vs  230 V
R  10  XL 
D2 9.425  S4 D4
S2

The rms value of fundamental component of diode current (in A) is ________.

Q.49 A single-phase full-wave ac voltage For the firing angle of 900 , the rms
controller feeds a load of R  20  with value of thyristor current is ________
an input voltage of 230 V, 50 Hz. Firing Amp.
angle for both the thyristor is 450. Rms Q.51 A three phase half wave converter is
value of thyristor current is operated from a three phase star-
(A) 5.5 Amp (B) 6.5 Amp connected 208 V (line), 60 Hz supply
(C) 7.75 Amp (D) 8.5 Amp and load resistance is R  60  . If it is
Q.50 A single phase full wave ac voltage required to obtain an average output
controller feeds a load of R  10  with voltage of 50% of the maximum
input voltage of 200 V rms. possible output voltage then the delay
T1 angle is
(A) 52.790 (B) 67.70
i0 (t) (C) 600 (D) 27.320
+ T2 +
vs (  t) Q.52 A separately excited DC motor is to be
v0 (  t ) R
– – controlled through 1- half wave
controlled converter from 230 V mains.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.13
The motor armature resistance is 0.5  Q.55 For step down chopper input voltage is
and motor constant is km  0.4V-s/rad . 440 V DC supply and at output side DC
series motor is connected. Armature and
The load torque is 20 N-m at 1500 rpm
field winding resistance are 0.06 and
and armature current is assumed to be
constant. Then [MSQ] 0.04 . Average current in armature is
(A) The value of firing angle delay of the
200 A , chopper frequency is 500Hz
converter in degree is 56.99. and back emf of motor is 200 V . The
(B) RMS value of thyristor current is pulse width in msec is _______.
30.52. (rounded off to nearest integer)
Q.56 A three phase inverter is operated in
(C) The input power factor of the motor
is 0.325. 1800 conduction mode from a 600 V
source. For a star connected resistive
(D) The value of firing angle delay of the
load of 15 per phase, the RMS load
converter in degree is 45.85.
current is ______ Amp. (rounded off to
Q.53 A 220 V, 1500 r.p.m, 10 A separately two decimal places)
excited dc motor has an armature
Q.57 A series circuit consists of R  2.4 ,
resistance of 1  . It is fed from a single
phase fully-controlled bridge rectifier
L  25  H, a capacitor (C ) and a
with an AC source voltage of 250 V, 50 thyristor with source voltage. For
Hz. Assuming continuous load current. obtaining self-commutation in the
The motor speed at the firing angle of circuit. The maximum value of C
300 and torque of 5 N-m is ________ should be _______ F . (rounded off to
rad/s. (rounded off to two decimal two decimal places)
places) Q.58 The given figure shows a step down
chopper switched at 1 kHz with a duty
Q.54 In a voltage commutated chopper,
ratio of 0.5 Assume the load current is
source voltage is 250 V and load current
continuous. Then [MSQ]
is 20 A. Switching frequency is 250 Hz,
7.5mH
commutating components L  1.25 mH
and C  8μF. The minimum average S
+
output voltage is (approximately) 230 V D i 10 
–
T1
i0
+ +
C
– R (A)The minimum value of the load
TA + current is 14.16 Amp.
+ D
Vs FD L V0 (B)The minimum value of the load
– L
S – current is 7.8 Amp.
+
Rc E (C)The maximum value of instantaneous
–
–
current is 15.21 Amp.
(A) 30 V (B) 32 V (D)The maximum value of instantaneous
(C) 34 V (D) 36 V current is 45.33 Amp.
 6.14 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.59 A DC-DC converter as shown in figure
provides maximum inductor current
ripples 0.25 Amp (In conduction mode),
diode duty cycle of 0.75 and switching
frequency of chopper is 5 kHz. Then
average current of diode is (in Amp)
________. (rounded off to three
decimal)
Q.60 A step up chopper shown in figure, where duty ratio is 0.25 and TON  0.25msec then [MSQ]
L = 4 mH

100 V C = 200 F R = 50 

(A)The value of average source current is 2.66 Amp.

(B) Maximum value of source current is 6.675 Amp.
(C) The ripple in the output voltage is 3.33 V.
(D) Average output current is 3.55 Amp.
Q.61 For voltage commutated chopper as shown in figure then [MSQ]
T1
iC I 0  20 A
8 F TA
L
250 V FD O
A
D
1.25 mH D

(A) The circuit turn OFF time of main thyristor is 0.1 msec.
(B) The circuit turn OFF time of main thyristor is 1.9 msec.
(C) Minimum ON period of main thyristor is 0.314 msec.
(D) Minimum ON period of main thyristor is 3.14 msec.
Q.62 Consider a chopper shown in below figure having load parameter as R  5 , L  2mH,
Eb  100V.

Switch
L
L O V0
100 V C A
D

Average value of source current ( I s ) is _______ Amp. (rounded off to one decimal place)
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.15
Q.63 The regulator circuit shown in the figure below has a load resistance of R, input voltage
Vs  550V and battery voltage E  0 V. The average load current I0  200 Amp and chopping
frequency is 250 Hz.

The value of L, which would limit the maximum ripple current to 10% of I 0 assuming the current
varies linearly is L  ______ mH. (rounded off to one decimal place)
Q.64 A battery with terminal voltage of 100 V is supplying power to a class A chopper circuit. The
chopper is ON for 4 ms duration in an overall cycle of time 5 ms. The value of fundamental
component of output voltage is

(A) 80 V (B) 26.4 V (C) 89.5 V (D) 62 V

Q.65 A DC-DC converter as shown in figure below, the switch is operating at 30 kHz. From an
experiment it is observed that V0  18 mV and I L  0.6Amp for an average output voltage
of 5 V, then the value of capacitance C is

(A) 138.88 μF (B) 190.02 μF (C) 50.09 μF (D) 210.18 μF

Q.66 A DC-DC converter has an input voltage of Vs  5 V as shown in figure. The average output
voltage V0  15 V and the average load current I 0  0.5 Amp. The switching frequency is 25
kHz. If L  150 μH and C  220 F.

The peak current of the inductor is _______ Amp. (correct upto three decimal places)
 6.16 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
TON
Q.67 The effective input resistance for the circuit shown below, is ______  . If ratio is equal
TOFF
to 1.

Q.68 The switching frequency f  5kHz . The current is operated in steady state at boundary of
continuous and discontinuous condition, the average value of switch current will be
S
_
100 V 120μH 125 V
+

(A) 25.72 Amp (B) 28.65 Amp (C) 46.296 Amp (D) None of these
Q.69 In circuit shown, all elements are ideal and switch S is operated at 10 kHz and 60% duty cycle,
the capacitor is large enough so that output voltage is ripple free and Lgiven  30μH, Vs  50V,
I Lavg  40A . Find Voutput .

Switch

50 V L C R=5 

(A) 100 V (B) 150 V (C) 200 V (D) 1300 V

Q.70 In the given circuit a thyristor converter is feeding a resistor R. The power consumed by R in the
absence of SCR is P1 . In the presence of SCR, the power consumed by R at   600 is P2

P2
The ratio of is ______. (rounded off to three decimal places)
P1
Q.71 The DC equivalent circuit of a single phase full converter is shown below. The net average
output voltage is available across terminals X and Y. The sources inductance by assuming input
frequency of 50 Hz and I 0  1 Amp is,
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.17
x
I0
2Vm V0  200 V
cos   220 V


(A) 1 H (B) 0.2 H (C) 0.1 H (D) 0.04 H

Q.72 A single phase fully controlled bridge of 300 the load takes 2 kW. The rms
rectifier feeds load of 10 A constant value of per phase input supply voltage.
current from 230 V, 50 Hz AC input. If (A) 68.27 V (B) 119.04 V
source inductance present is 2.5 mH per (C) 48.597 V (D) 100 V
phase, for firing angle of 300 , overlap Q.76 A three-phase, half-wave converter is
angle in degrees is _______. (rounded supplying a load with a continuous
off to two decimal places) constant current of 30 Amp over a firing
Q.73 A single phase full converter feeding R- angle from 0 0 to 650 . The supply
L-E load has the following data : voltage is 400 V (line). Power dissipated
Source voltage 230 V, 50 Hz, by the load at these limiting values of
R  2.5 , E  100V, firing angle firing angle are respectively.
(A) 8.1 kW, 3.4 kW
 300. If load inductance is large enough
(B) 4.68 kW, 1.98 kW
to make the load current virtually
(C) 8.1 kW, 7.4 kW
constant, then the average value of load
(D) 4.68 kW, 4.27 kW
current and input power factor will be :
Q.77 A 1- full converter is supplied by 314
(A) 71.73 A, 0.78 lag
V, 50 Hz source which has a series
(B) 71.73 A, 0.88 lag inductance of 2.82 mH. The load draws
(C) 31.73 A, 0.78 lag a constant current of 25 Amp, the firing
(D) 31.73 A, 0.88 lag angle  is 600. Then the overlap period
Q.74 A 230 V, 50 Hz one pulse SCR is ______.
controlled converter is triggered at a (A) 357  sec (B) 180 sec
firing angle of 400. (C) 40  sec (D) 20 m sec
Q.78 Thyristor connected in the circuit shown
di
has rating of 200 Amp/μsec
dt

230 V, 50 Hz L
The circuit turn OFF time in m-sec is
_______. (rounded off to two decimal
places)
The value of maximum series inductance
Q.75 A 3- full converter feeds power to a in μH is ______ for SCR protection.
resistive load of 5  . For a firing angle (rounded off to two decimal places)
 6.18 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.79 A thyristor string is formed by series and Q.82 For single phase full bridge inverter, DC
parallel connection of thyristors. The input voltage is 200 V then the ratio of
voltage and current rating of the string is 5th harmonic component to supply
11 kV, 4 kA respectively. The thyristors voltage is ______. (rounded off to two
to be employed has voltage and current decimal places)
ratings of 1.7 kV, 1 kA. The string Q.83 A single phase half bridge inverter
efficiency is 90 % for both series and shown in figure has a resistive load of
parallel combinations. If the maximum R  3 and dc input voltage Vdc 
blocking current is 15 mA and max 50V. Then [MSQ]
charge storage (Qmax ) is 24 micro
coulombs (C) . Then [MSQ]
(A)The value of equalizing resistance is
24.76 k .
(B)Number of SCR connected in series
is 6.
(C)The value of capacitance of equalizer (A) The fundamental component of
circuit is 64.615 nF. RMS output voltage is 22.5 V.
(D)Number of SCR connected in series (B) The average output power is 208.33
is 8. W.
Q.80 The holding current of thyristor is 600 (C) The average current through each
mA and the delay time is 1.5 μsec. thyristor will be 4.16 A.
Considering a single-phase full (D) RMS value of fundamental output
converter supplied from supply line voltage is 55 V.
voltage of 200 V, 50 Hz supply and Q.84 A single phase full bridge VSI has rms
supplying a load of R  10 Ω and value of the fundamental component of
L  10 mH. If the firing angle delay of output voltage with single pulse
the converter is 300 , then the minimum modulation equals to 150 V. The rms
value of the output voltage in case DC
value of gate pulse width is ________
source voltage is 250 V is ________ V.
 sec. (correct upto two decimal places)
(rounded off to two decimal places)
Q.81 An SCR is triggered with the use of gate
Q.85 The voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
triggering. The trigger circuit of SCR, shown in figure below is switched to
has a voltage source of 20 V and the load provide a 50 kHz, square-wave ac output
line slope of 110 V/A. The minimum voltage (V0 ) across an R-L load.
gate current required to turn on the SCR
Reference polarity of V0 and reference
is 30 mA. If the average power
dissipation in gate circuit is 0.5 W then direction of the output current i0 are
the triggering voltage will be _______ indicated in the figure. It is given that
Volt. (correct upto three decimal places) R  3 , L  9.55 mH
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.19

Q3
Q1 D1 D3 L

+ i0
Vd +
– V0 R
–
Q2
Q4 D4 D2

In the interval when V0  0 and I 0  0 the pair of device which conducts the load current is
(A) Q1 , Q2 (B) Q3 , Q4 (C) D1 , D2 (D) D3 , D4
Q.86 A full bridge inverter produces a 200 V square wave at 50 Hz having load parameter R  10 ,
L  50mH as shown in below figure,

The value of load current at T/2 in A ______. (rounded off to two decimal places)
Q.87 For a single phase full bridge inverter, Vs  230V, T  1msec. The load consists of RLC in series
1
with R  1.2 , L  8 ,  7  . Calculate the rms value of fundamental component of load
C
current. (rounded off to two decimal)
Q.88 For 3- voltage source inverter (VSI) as shown in figure in 1800 mode the condition of switches
S1 , S3 , S5 in 0-600 (Mode I)

S1 S3 S5
+
Vs
_ A B C

S2 S4 S6

A B

R4 R5

R6
C

(A) ON, OFF, ON (B) ON, OFF, OFF (C) OFF, ON, OFF (D) OFF, OFF, OFF
 6.20 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

Q.89 A single phase full bridge VSI has a Q.91 For a single phase full bridge inverter
source voltage of 200 V DC. The load Vs  230 V (DC) and T  1 ms. The
consists of RLC in series where load consist of RLC in series with
1 1
R  1, L  6  and  7  . The R  1.2 , L  8 ,  7 .
C C
fundamental component of the load Power delivered to load due to
current will be fundamental component is ________
kW. (correct upto three decimal places)
(A) 180sin (t  450 ) Q.92 A 220 V, 1450 rpm, 100 Amp separately
(B) 180sin (t  450 ) excited dc motor has an armature
resistance of 0.05 , the machine is
(C) 127.3sin (t  450 ) driven by a 3- half controlled
(D) 127.3sin (t  450 ) converter operating from a 3-, 220 V
(line). 50 Hz supply. The motor operates
Q.90 A single phase full bridge inverter with
at rated speed and rated load torque.
R -L load, where R  20  and
Assume continuous conduction % THD
L  0.2 H is operated with frequency of in source current at AC mains is given
f  100Hz. The zero crossing instant by
for the current is ______ ms. (correct (A) 70.5% (B) 68.2%
upto two decimal places) (C) 31% (D) None

Q.93 A regulator as shown in figure has an input voltage of Vs  5V. The average output voltage
V0  15V and the average load current I 0  0.5A. The switching frequency is 25 kHz. If
L  50μH and C  220μF, which of the following option is/are correct? [MSQ]

(A) The peak current of inductor is 1.945 Amp.

(B) The ripple voltage of Filter capacitor is 60.61 mV.
(C) The critical value of inductor is 133 µH.
(D) The critical value of capacitor is 0.44 µF.
Q.94 A regulator as shown in figure has an input voltage of Vs  12V. The duty cycle   0.25 and
the switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L  150μH and filter capacitance
C  220μF. The average load current I 0  1.25A. Which of the following option is/are correct?
[MSQ]
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.21

T1 T3
C
C1 
2

(A) The peak-to-peak ripple current of D1 D3

inductor is 0.8 Amp. L

(B) The peak current of the switch is

2.067 Amp. D4 D2

(C) The critical values of inductance is

C
450 µH. C2 
T4 2 T2
(D) The critical values of capacitance is
1.56 µF.
Q.95 A single phase SCR based ac regulator (A) Source inductance 8.8H and
is feeding power to a load consisting of commutating capacitor is 2.8854 µF.
5  resistance and 16 mH inductance. (B) Source inductance 4.4H and
The input supply is 230 V, 50 Hz ac. The commutating capacitor is 5.77 µF.
maximum firing angle at which the (C) Source inductance 2.2 H and
voltage across the device becomes zero commutating capacitor is 5.77 µF.
all throughout and the rms value of (D) Source inductance 0.88 H and
current through SCR, under this commutating capacitor is 1.2854 µF.
operating condition, are Q.97 A single phase voltage source inverter is
(A)     180 and IT (rms)  23Amp
o
feeding a purely inductive load as shown
in the figure.
(B)     180o and IT (rms)  46Amp

(C)   45o and IT (rms)  23Amp

(D)   45o and IT (rms)  23Amp

Q.96 A single-phase auto sequential
commutated CSI is fed from 220V dc
source. The load is R  10  . Thyristors
have turn-off time of 20 µs and inverter The inverter is operated at 50 Hz in 1800
output frequency is 50 Hz. square wave mode. Assume that the load
Assuming a maximum current change of current does not have any dc component.
0.5 Amp in one cycle then suitable value Then average value of diode current (in
of source inductance and the values of Amp)
commutating capacitors are (Neglect all (A) – 6.37 (B) – 1.25
losses). (C) – 20 (D) 10
 6.22 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.98 In sinusoidal-pulse modulation used in (A) I mx  22.808Amp and
PWM inverters, amplitude and
I mn  17.912Amp
frequency for triangular carrier and
sinusoidal reference signals are (B) I mx  17.912Amp and
respectively 5 V, 1 kHz and 1 V, 50 Hz. I mn  22.808Amp
If zeros of the triangular carrier and
(C) I mx  20Amp and I mn  10Amp
reference sinusoid coincide, then the
modulation index and order of (D) I mx  10Amp and I mn  20Amp
significant harmonics are respectively Q.101 A single phase dual converter operation
(A) 0.2, 9 and 11 from 230 V, 50 Hz, supply and load
(B) 0.4, 9 and 11 resistance is 20 . For Lc  25mH,
(C) 0.2, 17 and 19 1  60o and 2  120o , then [MSQ]
(D) 0.2, 19 and 21
(A) Peak circulating current is 41.43
Q.99 For the complementary commutation
Amp.
circuit as shown in figure the load
(B) Peak current of converter is 57.67
current through the main SCR 1 is 25A.
Amp.
The minimum time for which this SCR
(C) Instantaneous output current is 20
is to be reverse biased is 30 µs. The
Amp.
auxiliary SCR 2 should undergo natural
(D) Average output voltage of converter
commutation when its forward current
1 is 73.21 V.
goes below its holding current of 2.5
Q.102 The values of snubber components R
mA. Then the values of commutating
and C in figure to protect the SCR from
capacitance C is in µF ______.
+ dv dv
applied if the rating of the SCR
R1 R2
dt dt
is 100 V/s are
100V
C
SCR1 SCR2

_
(A) 20 (B) 15.3
(C) 10.82 (D) 6
Q.100 A separately-excited dc motor is fed
from 220V dc source through a chopper (A) R  25  and C  0.1264 F
operating at 400 Hz. The load torque is (B) R  25  and C  0.246 F
30 Nm at a speed of 1000 rpm. The (C) R  20  and C  0.1264 F
motor has ra  0, La  2 mH and K m 
(D) R  15 and C  0.246 F
1.5 V-sec/rad. Neglecting all motor and
Q.103 An SCR having a turn ON time of
chopper losses then the minimum and
5 sec latching current of 50 mA and
maximum value of armature current in
holding current of 40 mA is triggered by
ampere are
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.23
a short duration pulse and is used in the 3. Increasing the temperature of SCR
circuit shown in figure. The minimum to sufficiently large value.
pulse width required to turn the SCR ON 4. Applying sufficiently large gate
will be in µsec current.
Which of the above statements are
correct?
10  (A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1, 3 and 4
10 k (C) 1, 2 and 4 (D) 2, 3 and 4
Q.105 Turn on time of an SCR can be reduced
by using a
(A) Rectangular pulse of high amplitude
(A) 251 (B) 200.401 and narrow width
(C) 100 (D) 5 (B) Rectangular pulse of low amplitude
Q.104 Consider the following Statements : and wide width
SCR can be turned on by
(C) Triangular pulse
1. Applying anode voltage at a
(D) Trapezoidal pulse
sufficiently fast rate.
2. Applying sufficiently large anode
voltage.
Q.106 A current commutated chopper is fed from a dc source of 230V. Its commutating components
are L  20 μH and C  50 μF. If load current of 200 A is assumed constant during the
commutation process, which of the following option is/are correct? [MSQ]

D1

+ + I0
T1
D2

L
iC TA O
Vs + FD V0
C A
_ VC D
iC

L
RC
_ _

(A) Turn-off time of main thyristor is 62.52 µsec.

(B) Turn-off time of auxiliary thyristor is 80.931 µsec.
(C) Peak commutating current is 300 Amp.
(D) Peak current through free-wheeling diode is 363.666 Amp.
 6.24 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

Q.107 The load rating of a single phase 230 V, Q.111 A single phase half bridge inverter feeds
1 kW heater is connected across single power at 50 Hz to resistive load with
phase 230 V, 50 Hz supply through a R  5  . The DC input voltage is 220
diode. The power delivered to the load V. The rms and peak current of each
and input power factor are respectively. thyristor is
(A) 353.55 W, 0.50 (B) 500 W, 0.707 (A) 31.112 A, 44 A
(C) 1000 W, 0.707 (D) 250 W, 0.50 (B) 15.556 A, 44 A
Q.108 In a single-phase semi-converter, for (C) 15.556 A, 22 A
discontinuous conduction and extinction (D) 22 A, 44 A
angle    , each SCR conducts for Q.112 The single phase half bridge inverter has
a resistive load of 10  and the center -

tap input voltage is 94 V. The
VT fundamental power and rms power
consumed by the load are respectively
R
(A) 179.04 W, 220.9 W
Vm sin t V0 (B) 152.12 W, 198.37 W
(C) 220.9 W, 179.04 W
(D) 198.37 W, 152.12 W
Q.113 A 3 phase half wave controlled
converter is fed from 3-phase, 400 V, 50
Hz source and is connected to load
(A)  (B)    taking a constant current of 36 A.
Thyristors have a voltage drop of 1.4 V.
(C)  (D) 
The average power dissipated in each
Q.109 A single phase half wave converter is thyristor. (rounded off to one decimal)
operated from 220 V, 50 Hz supply Q.114 Consider the following statements:
R  10  and   600 , the efficiency of 1. A VSI has a voltage source (with
the converter in percentage will be, negligible impedance) at its input
(A) 28.31 (B) 31.44 and the output current is independent
of load.
(C) 40.6 (D) 81.2
2. A CSI has a voltage source with
Q.110 A single-phase full bridge inverter has a
large inductor in series at input and
resistive load of R  10 ohms and the output current is highly dependent
d.c. input voltage Vs of 100 volts. Then on load
[MSQ] 3. A VSI has a voltage source with
(A) RMS output voltage at fundamental considerable impedance in series at
frequency 90.03 V. its input and the output voltage is
independent of load
(B) The output power Pout is 500.
4. A VSI has a current source at input
(C) Peak current of each thyristor 6 A. and the output voltage is independent
(D) PIV of each thyristor is 100 V. of load.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.25
The correct statements are Q.116 If the following circuit is used to step-up
(A) 1, 2 (B) 3, 4 20 V to 80 V assuming all devices to be
(C) 1, 3 (D) None ideal, if ripple current is 2 A, then the
ripple voltage is
Q.115 The operating points of 3 power
electronics switches on VI plane is
shown below. Consider the following
statements regarding the switches P, Q,
R.
1. I is the most suitable for VSI. (A) 32 V (B) 1 V
(C) 10 mV (D) 100 V
2. II is the most suitable for CSI.
Q.117 A single-phase full bridge inverter is
3. III is most suitable for VSI.
supplying power to RLC load with
4. IV is most suitable CSI. R  3 and X L  12  the bridge
5. I, II and III can be used either VSI or
operates with a periodicity of 0.2 ms.
CSI. The circuit turn off time required for
Now select the correct statement from transistors is 24 µs. The suitable value of
the following options C that results in load commutation
I. would be
(A) 3 µF (B) 2.5 µF
(C) 4 µF (D) 2 µF
Q.118 A DC-DC boost converter as shown in
the figure below is used to boost 360 V
to 400 V at a power of 4 kW. All devices
are ideal considering continuous
inductor current. The rms value of
II. current (in A) flowing through switch
(S) is ________. (round off to one
decimal)
10 mH
+ +

s
360V 1 mF V0
III.
_ _

Q.119 A 1- fully controlled bridge converter

feeds an RLE load as shown in figure.
The load inductance is sufficiently large
to ensure load current has no ripple. The
firing angle  is 600 , then the power
(A) 1, 2 (B) 1 only supplied by the input is approximately
(C) 3 and 4 (D) 2 and 3 _______ KVA.
 6.26 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

R = 10 

Vs = 235sint
L

E = 15 V

(A) 1.41 (B) 1 (C) 0.528 (D) 2

Q.120 For the figure shown below, T1 is main thyristor and T2 is auxiliary thyristor. The average output
voltage is 154 V and operating frequency is 1 KHz. The current through main and auxiliary
thyristor are respectively
T1
iC
10 F T2
L
150 V FD O
A
D
4 mH D

(A) 7.5 and 15 A (B) 7.5 and 7.5 A (C) 15 and 15 A (D) 15 and 7.5 A
Q.121 A three phase inverter is operating in 120o mode of conduction and operates a three phase
balanced star connected load, as shown in figure.

S1 S3 S5

500 V

S4 S6 S2

3  star connected
balanced load
Each phase impedance is (10  5 j) , then active power of load is (in kW) _______.
Q.122 A 3   bridge inverter delivers power to resistive load from 400 V dc source, if the load is
purely resistive having RL  15  /phase and connected in star. Which of the following option(s)
is/are correct? [MSQ]
(A) For 120° conduction mode, fundamental RMS line voltage is 311.8 V
(B) For 180° conduction mode, rms value of load current is 15.82 A
(C) For 180° conduction mode, and 120° conduction mode, THD is 31 %
(D) The fundamental rms current through each switch in 120° conduction mode is 22.56 A.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.27
Q.123 For a given circuit diagram as shown in figure (a), which waveform of figure (b) represents the
current flowing through the FWD when it is connected across the load of a single phase full
wave converter?


T1 T3
is
+

Load
Vs FD
_

T4 T2

Fig. (a)

Fig. (b)
Q.124 A DC battery is charged through a resistor R as shown in the figure.

Eb

The SCR is fired continuously. If E  220V, Eb  100 V (DC) and R  10 ohms, then power
supplied to the battery in watt is _______ W. (rounded off to one decimal place)
 6.28 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.125 The converter as shown in figure, provides constant load current, then inductor voltage VLS (t )
will be if VS  Vm sin t and triggering angle of SCR is 600.
Ls L
V   V  
LS L
R
Vs V0
E

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

     
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.29

Answers Power Electronics

1. 164.835 2. B, C 3. A, D 4. 11.54 5. 3.33

6. D 7. A, C 8. A, B 9. A, B, D 10. 3.84

11. 360 12. 120 13. C 14. 35.76 15. C

16. D 17. B 18. 4.81 19. 8.16 20. 2.5

21. A, C 22. A 23. C 24. A, B, C 25. A, D

26. – 2.60 27. 7.07 28. 1614.49 29. – 193.47 30. B

31. D 32. 33 33. B 34. B, C 35. 59.599

36. D 37. D 38. 3.736 39. 28.82 40. B, C

41. 7.5 42. B 43. 3003.003 44. 40.51 45. C

46. 13.621 47. 1.67 48. A, B 49. C 50. 10

51. B 52. B, D 53. 142.99 54. B 55. 1

56. 18.86 57. 17.36 58. B, C 59. 0.875 60. B, C

61. A, C 62. 4.8 63. 27.5 64. B 65. A

66. 1.945 67. 100 68. A 69. B 70. 0.4019

71. C 72. 5.14 73. C 74. 9.602 75. C

76. A 77. A 78. 1.62 79. A, C, D 80. 43.92

81. 3.284 82. 0.18 83. A, B 84. 170.314 85. D

86. 15.23 87. 132.58 88. A 89. A 90. 2.25

91. 21.087 92. B 93. A, B, C, D 94. A, B, C, D 95. C

96. A 97. B 98. C 99. C 100. A

101. A, B 102. A 103. B 104. C 105. A

106. A, B 107. B 108. B 109. A 110. A, D

111. C 112. A 113. 16.8 114. D 115. D

116. B 117. D 118. 3.5 119. B 120. D

121. 9.118 122. A, C 123. C 124. 542.7 125. D

 6.30 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

Explanations Power Electronics

1. 164.835 (i) Critical capacitance,

(1  )T 2
Given : CC 
0.8  4 mH ID 16 L
(1  0.5)(0.01)2 106
Isw Ic I0   312.5 pf
 16 10 103
100 200 
– (ii) Diode average current,
10
I Davg   5A
The above given figure is boost regulator, 2
Vs  100 V , RL  200  , r  0.8  and So, option (B) is correct.
(iii) Switch average current,
  0.4
Average output voltage for boost converter with Is(avg)  10  0.510  5 A
internal resistance of inductor is given by (iv) Switch rms current,
 1   I srms    I0  (0.5)1 2 10  7.07 A
V0  Vs  
r
  (1  ) 
2 (v) Input power,
 RL  Pin  (V0 I0 )avg  2510  250 W
0.6
 100 So, options (C) is correct.
0.8
 (0.6)2 Hence, the correct options are (B) & (C).
200
3. (A), (D)
V0  164.835V
Given : For voltage commutated DC-DC
Hence, the correct answer is 164.835 V.
chopper
2. (B), (C)
C  40 μF, L  20 μH , Vs  230 V , i0  120 A
Given :   0.5 , I0  10A TM ITM
From the circuit shown below is buck regulator, iC + VT I 0  Constant
s 10 mH V TA
M
ITA
– c L
is + Vs O
I0 VT A A
+ D
L D
50V_ C V0
R
ID When main thyristor TM is turned on, an
_
oscillatory current in the circuit C, TM , L and D
Average output voltage for buck converter is,
is set up and it is given by,
V0  Vs
C
V0  25 V iC (t )  Vs sin 0t A
L
1 1 Peak value of current through capacitor,
T   0.01 msec
f 100 103 C 40
I p  Vs  230   325.27 A
TON  T  0.5 0.01 msec L 20
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.31
So, option (A) is correct. Area under curve, VL(avg)  0
Peak current through main thyristor, (15  V0 )  (0.4)  (10  V0 )  (0.9)
ITh  I p  I0  325.27 120  445.27A 0
0.13
So, option (D) is correct. 15  0.9V0  0.4V0
Circuit turn off time for main thyristor for
15  1.3V0
voltage commutated,
V 230 V0  11.54 V
tC  C S  40 10 6 
I0 120 Hence, the correct answer is 11.54.
 76.67  sec 5. 3.33
Hence, the correct options are (A) & (D). Given : From the circuit shown below is boost
4. 11.54 regulator,
IL ID
Given :
VL I0
Case 1 : Vc  Constant IC

At (0 – 0.4 msec),
S1  ON, S2  OFF
L
+ V _ Vs  5V , V0  15V , I 0  1A , f  20 kHz ,
L
+ L  250 μH
15V +_ V0 C R
_ 1 1
T   50  sec
f 20k
By applying KVL, Average output voltage for boost converter,
VL  15  V0 …(i) V
V0  s
Case 2 : At (0.4msec – 0.13msec) 1 
S2  ON, S1  OFF 15 
5
 
2
[   Duty cycle]
1  3
+ V _
L Inductor average current,
+ +
I
10V_ V0
_
R I L(avg)  0  3A
1 
Peak ripple current,
10  VL  V0  0 V
I L  s (T )
VL  (10  V0 ) …(ii) L
5 2 2
So, the waveform will be,  6
  50 106 
VL 250 10 3 3
 0.66 A
15  V0 Peak value of inductor current,
I
10  V0 I LP  I Lavg  L  3.33 A
2
t (m-sec)
0.4 0.13 Hence, the correct answer is 3.33.
 6.32 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

6. (D) 2Vs
Toneff  Ton 
I0
Given : Vs  400 V , L  0.05 H , Eb  120 V ,
2  220  50 106
  0.3 , I  8A C  800 106 
80
I0
  1075sec
0.05 H So, option (A) is correct.
+
400 V D V0
– Peak current through main thyristor is given by,
120 V
 C 50
ITM P  I 0  Vs 80  220
When CH is ON then, VS  VL  120  0 L 20
di  427.85A
VS 120  L
dt So, option (C) is correct.
400 120 di Hence, the correct options are (A) & (C).

L dt 8. (A), (B)
On integrating from zero to TON , we get,
Given figure is buck boost converter
280
0 L dt  I
TON

280  TON
 I
L
280 T c
8
0.05 f  5 kHz,   0.5, Vs  100 V, L  10 mH
8  0.05
T  4.762 103 sec and Vc  120 V
280  0.3
Turn on voltage of chopper, Vch  5 V
[   0.3]
1 For buck boost converter ripple current,
f   210 Hz  (Vs  Vch ) 0.5  95
T V0(avg)    95V
Hence, the correct option is (D). 1  0.5
as, V0(avg)  Vc , so inductor
7. (A), (C)
Current is discontinuous
Given : Ton  800  sec, I 0  80A and
Now from inductor voltage
C  50 F
Case-1 :
TM ITM
0 T : Chopper-ON, diode-OFF
iC + I 0  Constant
V TA
VTM
ITA VL  Vs  Vch  100  5  95 V
– c L
Vs O Case-2 :
VT A A
D T  T ' :
L D
VL  120 V
For voltage commutated chopper, effective ON So, by using voltage second balance
period is given by, 95 (T ) 120(T 'T )  0
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.33
95 (T ) 120(T )  120T ' 9. 63.55
T '  0.8958 T
Here also T '  T which confirms that iL is
discontinuous.
Now we will find maximum inductor current
Case-1 : Chopper ON (0 T )
VL  95
N1  10, N2  5, N3  15, Lk  10μH, I 0  20A,
di
L L  95 Vs  100sin 260t
dt
i N2 5
L L  95 V2  Vs  100sin 260t
T N1 10
95 T V2  50sin t
iL  iLmax  iLmin 
L   2 60
95  0.5 1 N 15
iLmax  (iLmin  0A) V3  3 V5  100sin t  150sin t
10 103  5 103 N1 10
 0.95 Amp   260
So, option (A) is correct. 2
N 
2
 10 
Thus, the waveform will be as follows, Ls1   1  Lk    10μH  40μH
 N2  5
2
N 
2
 10 
Ls2   1  Lk    10μH  4.44μH
 N3   15 
Equivalent diagram
t

t
T
Average chopper switch current,
0.95T
ich(avg)  I s (avg) 
2T
 0.95 0.5 0.5  0.2375 Amp
So, option (B) is correct.
Psupply  Vsis (avg)  100  0.2375  23.75W
Pchopper  5 0.275  1.1875 W
and P0  V0(avg)  i0(avg)
i0(avg)  120  22.56  0.188 Amp
Hence, the correct options are (A) & (B).
 6.34 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
We know that Case-2 :
2Ls I0 40  sec 80  sec
cos t1  1 
Vm D ON
t1  1  8.980 VIGBT  Vs  120 V
and 2  t2  1.7120 Case-3 :
1   2  80  sec100  sec
V0(avg)    Vm1 sin td t   Vm2 sin td t 
2 1 2  IGBT OFF
D OFF
1  180
2

   Vm1 50 td t   150sin td t  Vc  80 V
2 8.98 181.712 
Vs  Vc  VIGBT
V0(avg)  63.55Volt
Hence, the correct answer is 63.55.
10. 3.84
Given : DC-DC converter as shown in figure
below,
10 mH i0 iL

+ R
V1 C +
– E
–

All device  Ideal

is
Capacitance  Very large
VIG BT

120 V
t (  sec)
40 V
VL  VS  VC  40 V
3
t  sec  di 10 10  iL(max)
0 40 80 100 140 VL  40  L 
DON
dt 40 106
IGBT
ON iL(max)  0.16Amp
Case-1 : Now, switch average current,
0  40sec 1
VIGBT  0  0.16  40s
 is (avg)  2  0.032 A
TON  40  sec 100s
T  100  sec Now supply power,
40 Ps  Vs  is (avg)  120  0.032  3.84 W
  0.4
100 Hence, the correct answer is 3.84.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.35

11. 360 By using ampere sec balance, we get inductor

average current
Given :
I sw I0
I Lavg 
Switch IL IC I0 1 
+
– Now, Diode average current,
– L
100 V VL L C VC O V
A 0
– I0
+ D +
I D(avg)  I L(avg)  (1  )   (1  )
1 
For Non isolated Buck boost converter,  I 0  8Amp
Vs  100 V Average capacitor voltage,
Maximum capacitor Voltage, Vc(max)  50 V 50  40
VC  V0   45V
Minimum capacitor voltage, Vc(min)  40 V 2
Average output power,
Average diode current, I D(avg)  8 A
P0  V0  I0  45  8  360 Watt
Hence, the correct answer is 360.
12. 120

Given :   0.6 , f  10kHz , Vs  200V

Values of L1 and L2 are high so load voltage
(V0 ) is almost ripple free.
Because of large values of inductors, inductor
current iL1 and iL2 will be continuous.
As iL1 and iL2 are continuous due to large value
of inductor. So,
tON  T
tOFF  (1  )T
From the waveform,
During on condition, IC   I 0 Case 1 : 0 to T
During off condition, IC  I L  I 0 Chopper ON (inductor charging)

VL1
 6.36 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Applying KVL at loop (1), we get
200  VL1  VC1  0
VL1  200 VC1 …(i)
Case 2 : From T to T  (inductor discharging)
Chopper OFF
iL L1 Chopper OFF L2
1

– + – +
VL
1
+
D1 ON VC C1
+ (1) 1
– +
+
200 V D3 VC V0
–
2

– –
ON
D1 OFF
(2)

VL1  VC1 (Inductor discharging so polarity will be reversed)

So, inductor voltage waveform will be, Vml  265.97 V
As area A1 will be equal to A2 so, 265.97
Vmph   153.56 V
(200 VC1 ) T  VC1 (1)T 3
200  VC1   VC1 VC1  Vph  rms 
153.56
 108.5833V
VC1  200  0.6  120V 2
Hence, the correct option is (C).
So the average VC1 will be 120 V.
14. 35.76
Hence, the correct answer is 120.
Given :
13. (C) 5
Given : R  10 ,   30 0

Load power P  5 kW
D1 D3
V2
P  or is
R
Vor2 Vs  30 V 24
5 103 
10
Vor  5103 10  223.6 V
D4 D2
Now, for Three-phase full converter
Rms output voltage,
Vs  30 V, Eb  24 V and R  5 
1
1 3 3 2
Vor  Vml   cos 2 E
 2 4    sin 1  
1  Vm 
1 3 3 2
223.6  Vml   cos(2  300 )   24 
  sin 1    34.45  0.601 rad
0

 2 4   30  2 
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.37
For full wave rectifier with RE load, average Average output voltage for single phase semi-
output voltage, converter

V0(avg)    30 2 sin t d t   E d t 
1   Vm
V0 avg  (1  cos )
    
V0(avg)    30 2 sin t d t  E(2)
1 2.540 300  2
  0.601   (1  cos300 )  252V

1
V0(avg)  30 2 cos t 0.601  (24 1.202) 
2.540

  Source current, I s  I 0  9.128Amp

1
V0(avg) 

69.96  (24 1.202)  31.451V V0 I0 252 10
Input power factor    0.92
Average output current, Vs I s 300  9.128
V  E 31.451  24 Hence, the correct option is (D).
I 0(avg)  0(avg)   1.49Amp
R 5 17. (B)
Power across battery  EI0(avg)
100
Given : Vs  200V, L  mH,
 24 1.49  35.76W 
Hence, the correct answer is 35.76. I 0 max  20 2 Amp
15. (C) Let us assume the switch is closed at t  

Given : Vs  230V ,   60 , I 0  10A i0
iS
We know that, for single phase full wave +
VL
rectifier with ripple free load current, –
Active power, P  V0 I 0
Reactive power, Q  V0 I 0 tan  Voltage across the inductance is,
For full wave converter average output voltage, di0
VL  V0  L  Vm sin t
2Vm 2 Vs  2 dt
V0  cos   cos600 The current flowing through diode is given by,
 
 103.54V Vm t
L 
i0  sin t dt
Active power,

P  V0 I 0  103.54 10  1035.4W
For maximum current across inductance is,
Reactive power,
V
Q  V0 I 0 tan   1035.4  tan (600 ) I0max  m [cos   1]
L
 1793VAr
200 2
Hence, the correct option is (C). I 0max  (cos   1)
100
100 103
16. (D) 
Given : Vs  300 V, I 0  10 A and   300  20 2
Power delivered to load V0 I 0 20 2(1 cos )  20 2
Input pf  
Power input VS I S   900
 6.38 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Time at which switch S should be closed is, Average output voltage for single phase semi-
 / 2 1 converter
t   5msec
 100 200 V 100
V0  m (1  cos )  (1  cos600 )
Hence, the correct option is (B).  
18. 4.81  V0  150 V

Given : Vsr  400V, I 0  25 A, Vor  250V,

  600
For 3- full converter with source inductance,
Average output voltage,
3V
Vor  ml cos   cos(  )
2
3 400 2
250  [cos600 
2
cos (600  )]
Average load current,
cos (600  )  0.4256
V  E 150  50
600    64.81 I0  0   10Amp
R 10
   4.810 Rms diode current,
Hence, the correct answer is 4.81. 180  60 2
( I D1 or I D2 )rms  I 0   I0
19. 8.16 360 3
 8.16 Amp
Given : An asymmetrical semiconverter.
V0
Hence, the correct answer is 8.16.
IT1
I0 20. 2.5
T1 60o D1 Given : From the circuit
10
I D1
100 sin 314t
L  Large

T2 D2 +

IT2 I D2 _
50V
 100 rad/sec
2f  100
  60o
f  50Hz
Vs  100 sin 314t V
T  20 msec
Case 1 Case 2
Switch is closed at t  5 msec , then
T1D2  ON T2 D1  ON
5 
   2 
V0  Vs V0  Vs 20 2
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.39
Vs From the above waveform,
Vin V0( avg )  0
 ( Positive area  Negative area)
t
  2 2   3
So, option (A) is correct.
V0
di
Vm sin  Current ripple factor VL  L
dt

t di
2   3 V0  L 0
is dt
t 1t
L 0 L 0
10 i0  iL  V0 dt  Vm sin t dt
0
t
  2   3 Vm
i0 
L
  cos t 0
t

Average value of switch current,

V
Area I0 (  ) i0  m 1  cos t 
I s (avg)   L
time 2
Vm
(t ) (  /2) DC component of load current, i0( dc ) 
I s (avg)  I0 ON  I0 L
T 2
AC component of load current,
10
  2.5 Amp Vm
4 i0( AC ) 
L  2
Hence, the correct answer is 2.5.
Total load rms current,
21. (A), (C)
Vm 3
Given : The given figure is single phase half i0(rms)  i0(2 dc )  i0(2 AC )  
L 2
wave rectifier,
Current ripple factor
+ So, option (C) is correct.
i0
Ideal diode Hence, the correct options are (A) & (C).
100 2 sin100 tV V0 22. (A)
0.1H
Given : id  30sin t A
_ Practical diode
D
I
Vs  Vm sin t  V0
_ R
+ Vd d
_ L
Vm + VT
O

A
t D
2

IL  I0  Vm The conduction loss across diode is

2Vm Pd  Vd I avg  I rms
2
 Rd …(i)
L Now, total voltage drop across diode,
t VT  Vd  I d Rd
 2
 6.40 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
For I  2A, Hence, V0  I 0 R  E (Motoring mode)
Vd  Rd  2  0.7 V …(ii) V0  I 0 R  E (Inverting mode)
For I  30A, For three-phase midpoint converter,
Vd  Rd  30  1.2 V …(iii) Average output voltage,
By solving equations (ii) and (iii), 3V
V0  ml cos   151 230  215V
Vd  0.664V 2
1 215  2
Rd   0.0178  cos  
56 3Vml
Diode is carrying 30 A half sine wave of current 215  2
cos  
Id 3  2  400

  215  2 
30A   cos1    142.75
0

 3  2  400 
t
 2 3 Hence, the correct option is (C).
id  30sin t A 24. (A), (B), (C)
I m  30 A Given : i0  Constant, as L  Very high,
30
I avg  A   1200 , E  90V and R  35 

30 (Because battery is delivering power)
I rms  A For option (C) :
2
From equation (i),   300 as (  900 )
Power loss  Vd I avg  I rms
2
Rd If L  Large

30  30  1
2   300
 0.664      According to question
  2  56
VR
Pd  10.358 W
R. i0
Hence, the correct option is (A).
23. (C)
Given : 3-phase midpoint converter, as i0  constant
Supply Vsl  400V , f  50Hz , Then R will also be constant.
Load R  1 , E  230V and L  Very large For option (A) :
Load current I 0  Constant and ripple free P
We know that, cos   s
S
= 15 A
For inverter mode of operation, Where, PS  Supply power
P0  () ve  V0 I 0 (Real power delivered or absorbed by supply)
where, I 0  Always positive and V0  Must be For practical devices
negative for inverter mode of operation. Supply  Vs V
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.41

T1  1.5V T3  1.5V V  3
R cos   0.6366
Vs
For option (D) :
L For continuous current,
T2  1.5V
T4  1.5V
2V
E V 0 (avg)  m cos 

V0 (avg). i0 (avg)
cos  
Ps cos  
Ss Vs (rms) . is (rms)
  450 i0  constant
For ideal SCR, 2Vm
cos 
P0  Ps  V0 (avg) i0 (avg)  
2 2
cos 
In practical case, Vm 2 
Ps  Ploss (Converter)  P0 In practical case
Vs  1.5  1.5  V0 Ps  V0 (avg). i0 (avg)  Pc
   V0 (avg). i0 (avg)  Pc
1 cos  
V0 (avg) 
  V

s  3 d t Vs (rms). is (rms)
Power factor will be less than 0.6366.
1
V0 (avg) 

2Vm cos   3() Hence, the correct options is (A), (B) & (C).
25. (A), (D)
2Vm
cos   3 Given : Signal phase full wave mid-point

Ps  P0  Pconverter converter
N1 : N2 T1
Ps  V0i0 (avg) Vit1 (avg) Vit2 (avg)
+ +
Ps  V0 (avg).i0 (avg)  2V .i0 (avg) 250 V
10  L + –
500 V
V0 (avg).i0 (avg)  2Vr .i0 (avg)
cos   50 Hz i0 –
V0 +
VS (rms) . is (rms)
– –
2V
V0 (avg)  m cos   2V T2

Pprimery  Psecondary  P0 , because converter is
2V
90  m cos 45  2 1.5 ideal

Vm  206.594V i0  constant
Vs (rms)  146.08V We know that average output power,
P0  V0(avg)  i0(avg)
P0  Pc
cos   2Vm
Vs (rms) . is (rms) P0  cos  i0(avg)

V (avg) . i0 (avg)  V i0 (avg)
cos   0 When SCR’s T1 and T2  OFF
146.08  i0 (avg)
VT1  VT2  2Vs
93
 VT1 /max  VT2 /max  Vsec/max  2Vm  500 V
146.08
 6.42 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
So, option (A) is correct. 55o
iT
Thus, maximum thyristor voltage = 500 V
 Vsec  500sin t I0 +

 Vs  250sin t L1
R  10 
FD V0

100sin 314t L  Large

_
t
Vs (t)
Vm
t
 2 t
   2   2   
V0
Vm
t Vm sin ( )
 t
i0
iT1 (avg)  iT
2
i0(avg)  2iT1 (avg)  2iT2 (avg) t
    2   2    
 i0(avg)  2  5.4  10.8 A
1 
Average output current = 10.8 A V0   Vin sin td (t )
2 
Electrical breaking mode
Vm
2Vm
cos   E
V0 
2
1 cos(  )
V0(avg)  E
i0(avg)    100
R R V0 
2
1  cos(55  5)  75 V
2  250
10.8 10  cos   250 V 75
 I0  0   7.5 A
R 10
  153.150
Area
So, option (D) is correct Avg (iT ) 
Time
2V
Now, V0(avg)  m cos  1 1
 I0  (   ) I0   I0

iT  2 2
2  250 2
 cos(153.150 )  142V
    (180  55)
iT    7.50A
 P0  V0(avg) .i0(avg)  142 10.8 2 360
 2.604Amp
P0  1533.6 W
Hence, the correct answer is 2.60.
Hence, the correct options are (A) & (D).
27. 7.07
26. – 2.60
A single phase full wave converter without fault
Given : From the circuit shown below, condition.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.43

  30 0 Now, when the thyristor T3 is short circuited

T1 T3 due to fault.
Then the source current waveform.
Is
I 0  Constant I s (t )

T4 T2
   2  
t
Source current waveform. T1 T2 T3 T4
 I0
is (t)

T1 T2
 I
I0 I s (rms)  I 0 *  0 Amp
2 2
0 t
   2   10
 I0 
 5 2 Amp
T3 T4 2
 7.07 Amp
RMS value of source current,
Hence, the correct answer is 7.07.

I s (rms)  I 0 *  I0

28. 1614.49
Given : Triggering angle of SCR  600

i0

+ 150 V +
V0 50 
–
100 V –
50 Hz +
– 150 V
1: 3
–

Transformer rating  Vs(rms)  is(rms)

Vs
2

150
2
  2  2
0  

150

2
T1T2
T1'T2'
 6.44 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

T1 T3

+
150 V T4 T2
+ –
50 
T3 '
T1 '

–
T2 '
1: 3
T4 '

0   All  OFF
1t  ()  All OFF
Case-1 : When 
V0  Vs
V
i0  0
R Vsec | ma x
Case-2 : ()  2
V0  Vs  Vrms
i0  V0 / R
 t
   2 2 
sin  
1/2
Vm 
V0(rms)   (  ) 
2  2  i0
1/2
300 2    sin 200 
V0(rms)     
2  3  2  t

 269.08 V is
269.08
 i0(rms)   5.3816 A
50 t
is(rms)  i0(rms)  5.3816 A
VA  Vsec(rms)  is(rms)  300  5.3816
 1614.49 VA
Hence, the correct answer is 1614.49.
29. – 193.47
Given : Vsl (rms)  400 V, 50Hz
400
Vp (rms)  V
3
Van  326.6sin t
Vbn  326.6sin(t 120o )
Vcn  326.6sin(t  240o )
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.45

t D1 D2 D3 V0 VD1  Va  V0

0  t  30o OFF OFF ON Vc Vac

30o  t  150o ON OFF OFF Va 0

150o  t  270o OFF ON OFF Vb Vcb

270o  t  390o OFF OFF ON Vc Vac

Now, VD1  Van Vcn  326.6sin t  326.6(sin t  240o )

At t  10o ,
VD1  Vm sin10  Vm sin (230o )  193.47 V
Hence, the correct answer is – 193.47.
30. (B) Initial voltage of capacitor is, V0  50V

Given : Vs  100 V VC (0t  )  Vs [1  (1)]  V0 )(1)

For capacitor voltage,  2Vs  V0
Final voltage of capacitor  2Vs  Vin
t
1
C 0
VC (t )  i(t )dt  V0
 2 100  50  150V
VC (t )  Vs (1  cos 0t )  V0cos 0t Hence, the correct option is (B).
 6.46 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

31. (D) 7500

0.1  1 
Given : Ideal switch module
ns  800
ns  10.41  11
For the parallel connection,
I
DP  1  m
nP IT
Where in MOSFET is free from body diode. 1000
So, 0.1  1 
nP  500
nP  2.22  3
Therefore, total number of SCR will be
111111  33
Hence, the correct answer is 33.
33. (B)
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Given : Series LC combination circuit without
32. 33
any source voltage.
Given : For series connection, the derating Inductor initial current, iL (0)  250A
factor,
V L  10μH, C  50μF
DS  1  S The circuit is shown below,
nsVD

Converting the above circuit into Laplace domain as given below,

Applying KVL in loop shown,

Li (0)
I ( s)  L
1
sL 
sC
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.47
s
I (s)  iL (0) 
1
s2 
LC
(where iL (0)  Initial current in inductor)
Taking inverse Laplace,
1
i(t )  iL (0) cos t
LC

Now, i(t ) will be zero when t 
2
1 
t
LC 2

t 50 106 10 106
2
t  35.124 sec
Hence, the correct option is (B).
34. (B), (C)
Given : Assume when load current is continuous or constant then,

I0

t
Vs

Vm

FWD IGBT FWD IGBT

t
0   45 0  2
For t  2.5 msec ,
1800
Then,    2.5 103  450
0.01
1 
2 
V0 (avg)  Vm sin td t

Vm
V0 (avg)  (1  cos )
2
230 2
V0 (avg)  (1  cos 450 )
2
V0 (avg)  88.3738V
So, option (A) is not correct.
 6.48 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Now assume i 0  Discontinuous.
Vs

Vm

E
t
   2 2   
1 
(2  )

2   
V0(avg)   Vm sin td t  Ed t   230V
 
Now from figure,
D1 i

i0 D1 I GB

IGBT
10 
  Ve V
230 V, 50 Hz D2 V0 D1 I GB
 L

 E


VI-characteristic of S.M will be VIGBT  (Vm sin )  E

Vm sin  is always greater than E, only then
IGBT can block. So even for small value of E
IGBT can block maximum Vm sin 
So, option (C) is correct.
Now,
If i0  discontinuous
(B  2)  All devices will be generated OFF
where B  
 VD1  Vm sin t  E P0  i0(rms)
2
R  Ei0(rms)
VD1  (Vm  E) Ps  P0
max

 Vm P0  Ps
VD2
max
cos  
Ss
So, the correct option is (B).
So, option (D) is not correct.
Now, let IGBT can only block voltage from 0 to
Hence, the correct options are (B) & (C).

VIGBT 35. 59.599
Given : SCR latching current = 50 mA
SCR Holding current = 35 mA
dv
 100 V/ sec
t dt max
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.49
tON
 5.99146 
10 1103
10 
+
10 k
tON  59.91 msec
100 V
– Hence, the correct answer is 59.99.
1 mF
36. (D)
When conduction current
For option (A) : In OFF state of switch module,
icon( SCR)  iH( SCR)  OFF
enter positive voltage of supply will block by
Let SCR is trigger, t  0sec only IGBT
Vc (0 )  0 V
At t  0 , capacitor  S.C V V
i0

a – + b
+ 10 
100 V 10 k
– 100 sin t
So, option (A) is not correct.
For option (B) : In condition state, entire
100 100
i0 t 0    10.01 Amp negative voltage will block by only SCR.
10 10K
i0 t 0  iH or 10.01Amp  35 mA
i0 (t )  10et / RC 10 mA
i0 (t )  iH , SCR  OFF – +
i0 t 
100sin t
10  In that case SCR will not block negative voltage.
+
100 V 10 k So option (B) is not correct.
– For option (C) : It is four quadrant operated
1 mF
switch.
35 mA  10et / RC  10 mA
Where, tON  Minimum condition period of
SCR
3
2.5 mA  etON /10110 a b

100 sin t

t
 6.50 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
This is two quadrant operated switch. During TOFF :
So, option (C) is not correct.
10
Hence, the correct option is (D). i(t )  10  t
TOFF
37. (D)
For scheme-1 : For scheme-2 :
v, i v, i

200 V
200 V 200 V

10 A 10 A

t t
TON TOFF
For v(t ) , during TON : For v(t ) , by using ( y  mx  C) slope equation
200  200t 
v(t )  200  t ( y  mx  C) v(t )   200 
TON 
TON during TON

Here, C  200V and m  200V
200t
During TOFF : v(t )  , during TOFF
200 TOFF
v(t )  0  t
TOFF Similarly, i(t )  10 , during TON
Now, for i(t ) , during TON :
10t
10 i(t )  10  , during TOFF
i(t )  0  t TOFF
TON
So, average power of scheme-1,
1T
Pavg1   v(t )  i(t ) dt
T0
1  ON 
T TOFF

   v(t ) i(t ) dt   v(t ) i(t ) dt 

T0 0 
1 200t  10 10 
TON TOFF
 200t 
T  0 
   200  T 10 dt   
 ON  0 TOFF  TOFF 
1  
TON TOFF
 200t  10t 200t  10t
   200  T  * T dt  0 * 10   dt 
T  0  ON  ON TOFF  TOFF 
1  t   t t2  
T TOFF
ON
t2
  200*10     dt      dt 
T  0  TON TON 2  0  TOFF TOFF 2  
200 10  TON TON   TOFF TOFF 
  2  3    2  3 
T  
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.51
200 10  TON TOFF 
Pavg1   6  6 
T
Energy1  Pavg1T
200*10  50 109 100 101 
Energy1    
1  6 6
Energy1  50 Joule
For scheme-2,
Here, TON  50ns and TOFF  100 ns
1  
TON TOFF
 t   t t
Pavg2  200*
T  
0
1  T
 ON
 dt 


0
T T2
 OFF OFF
 dt 
 
200 10  TON   TOFF TOFF 
Pavg2   TON    
T  2   2 3 
200 10  TON TOFF 
Pavg2   2  6 
T
Energy2  (Pavg )2 *T
 50 109 100 109 
 200*10   
 2 6
Energy2  83.33 Joule
Hence, the correct option is (D).
38. 3.736
Given : Vs  230V , f  50 Hz , R  4  , L  35 mH , C  155 μF .
X L  2fL  2 50  35103  10.99 
1 1
XC    20.536 
2fC 2 50 155
XC  X L
The system is in underdamped condition

  X  XL 
  tan 1  C 
 R 
 20.536 10.99 
  tan 1    67.260
 4 
Feedback diodes conducts for t  
i.e. t  67.260
67.260
t  3.736 msec
2 180  50
Hence, the correct answer is 3.736.
 6.52 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

39. 28.82

Given : Fourier series of output voltage for multiple pulse modulation technique,

4Vs nd
v0 (t )  N 
n 1,3,5 n
sin n sin sin(nt )
N
N  Number of pulse per half cycle.
2d  Pulse width
2d 2d
Single pulse width    d  300
N 2
  2d d 180o  60o 30
     550
N 1 N 2 1 2
For n  1 (fundamental component) and N  2
8V 30
V01(max)  s sin55sin  0.539Vs
 2
For n  3 (3 harmonic)
rd

 3  30 
0
8V
V03(max)  s sin1650  sin    0.155Vs
3  2 
V03(max) 0.155Vs
  0.2882  28.82%
V01(max) 0.539Vs
Hence, the correct answer is 28.82.
40. (B), (C)

Given : Vs  450V and Rph  10 

2
_
2

Vs 120 450 120

I 0(rms)      18.37 Amp.
2R 180 2 10 180
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.53
So, option (B) is correct.
Vs 120o 450 120
IT (avg)     7.5Amp
2R 360o 2 10 360o
Load power  3 I0(rms)
2
 R  10123.707W
So, option (C) is correct.
Hence, the correct options are (B) & (C).
41. 7.5
Given : For three phase full bridge converter average output voltage is given by,
3 3Vmph
V0  cos  (Without effect of source inductance)

400
3 3  2
 3 cos 600  270.09 V

Reduction in average output voltage will be,
Vd  270.09  250  20.09V
Reduction in average output voltage due to source inductance is given by,
Vd  6 fLs I 0 (In terms of source inductance)
20  6  50  2 103  I0
I 0  33.33 Amp.
V0 250
Load resistance, R0    7.5 
I o 33.33
Hence, the correct answer is 7.5.
42. (B)
Given : Fourier series of line voltage for three phase voltage source inverter,

4Vs n  
Vab  
n 1,3,5 n
cos sin n  t  
6  6
For triplen harmonic,
3 
cos  cos  0
6 2
 All triplen harmonic are absent from the line voltages
Similarly,

2Vs
Fourier series of pole voltage  
n 1,3,5 n
sin nt , where k  0,1,2.....

 Pole voltages will have all odd harmonics.

Hence, the correct option is (B).
 6.54 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

44. 3003.003

Given : For 1800 mode of operation,

2
VL  VD
3
2
VL rms  VD  81.65V
3
For delta connected load, VL rms  VPhrms
Vph2 rms
Power consumed, P3  3 
R
2
 2 1 1
P3  3   VD    3  (81.65) 
2

 3 R 6.66
PT  3003.003W
Hence, the correct answer is 3003.003.
44. 40.51

Given : Vs  300 V
: Method 1 :


3Vs
For the figure shown in above the Fourier series expression is given as, V0 (t )  
n6 k 1 n
sin n0t

3Vs
Rms value of 5th harmonic component, V05 ( rms )   40.51 V
2  5 
Hence, the correct answer is 40.51.
: Method 2 :
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.55
For the quasi square wave shown above, the Fourier series expansion is given as,

2Vs  n   n 
V0 (t ) phase  
n 1, 3, 5 n
sin   sin  n0t  
 3   6 
2Vs  5 
 V05 ( rms ) phase  
 sin    23.39 V
5  3
Note : Rms value is never negative (–).
So, V05 ( rms )line  3  23.39  40.51 V
Hence, the correct answer is 40.51.
45. (C)

Given : Vdc  24 V
Secondary fundamental output voltage (V2 )01  320V
We know that voltage is directly proportional to number of turns, V  N
From the circuit given,
(V1 )01 N1
 …(i)
(V2 )01 N2
Fundamental output voltage for single phase bridge inverter is given by Fourier series representation of
output voltage,
4Vdc
V0 (t )   sin(nt )
n 1,3,5 n

4Vdc 2 2Vdc
V01( rms )  
 2 
2 2  24
V01( rms )   16 2 V
3
From equation (i),
16 2 12

320 N2
12  320 240
N2    169.7 170 turns
16  2 2
Hence, the correct option is (C).
46. 13.621
Given :
2d
Note : In PWM pulse of ‘2d’ width is divided into ‘N’ pulses each of width where ‘N’ is number
N
of pulses in each half cycle. The harmonic representation of a wave having multiple pulses per half
cycle can be given as
 6.56 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
V0
2d /N 2d /N 2d /N 2d /N

t
 180 0

2d
So, we can see pulse width 
N
   2d  d
and   
 N 1  N

4Vs  nd 
and V0 (t )  N  
n 1,3,5 n
sin(n)sin   sin nt
N
2d
In our question N  3 and  300  d  450
N
180  (2  45)  45
    37.50
 3 1  3
 4V  5  45  
V05  3   s sin (5  37.5)sin   sin(5 0t ) 
 5  3  
  4  200   1
V05  3    sin (187.5)sin 75 
  5   2
V05  13.621 V (As rms value cannot be negative, so we take MOD value.)
Hence, the correct answer is 13.621.
47. 1.67
Given :
Note : For 1800 conduction,
I T1

2Vs
3R
Vs
3R

t
 2  2
3 3
RMS value of thyristor current,
1  Vs  2  2Vs   
2 2

     
2  3R  3  3R  3 
(iT )rms
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.57
Average value of thyristor current,
1  Vs  2  2Vs   
(iT )avg    
2  3R  3  3R  3 

1  150  2  150  2   
2 2

     
2  3  50  3  3  50  3 
So, (iT )rms

1  2 4 
(iT )rms   
2  3 3
1 6
(iT )rms    1Amp
2 3
1  150 2 2 150  
(iT )avg    
2  3 50 3 3  50 3 
1  2 2  2
(iT )avg    A
2  3 3 3
2 5
So, (iT )rms  (iT )avg  1    1.67Amp
3 3
Hence, the correct answer is 1.67.
48. 3.046
Given :
V0

230
t
230

i0 i01
D1 D4 S 2 S3
t
S1 S4 D3 D2



4Vs
V0  
n Odd n
sin 0t

4V
V01 (t )  s sin 0t  292.85sin 0t

Z1  R  jL  10  j9.25  13.74  43.304
292.85
i01   21.311sin(0t  43.304)
13.74  43.304
 6.58 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
1/2
 1  43.304 2
 
I D01 (rms)      21.311sin(  t  43.304  
d t 
 2  0
0

I D01 (rms)  3.046 Amp

49. (C)

Given : Vs  230V,   450 , R  20 

RMS value of thyristor current,
1
1   Vm sin t  Vm  1  sin 2  2
2

2  
Ior        
2R    2 
d ( t )
R 
1
230 2   sin 90o  2
   4  2   7.7536Amp
2  20    
Hence, the correct option is (C).
50. 10 51. (B)

Given : Vs  200 V,   900 , R  10  Given : Maximum possible output voltage in

case of a three phase half wave
converter,
3 3 Vmp
V0  cos  (   0)
2
3 3 Vmp
 V0(max) 
2
Where, Vmp  Maximum input phase voltage.
3 3Vmp
Rms value of thyristor current, Now, V0   cos 
2
1   Vm sin t 
2
If output is 50% of maximum possible output
2   
ITr    d (t )
R  voltage then,
1/2 3 3Vmp 1 3 3 Vmp
V 1  sin 2   cos   
ITr  m        2 2
2 
2
2R   
   60 0
(Not possible)

When   rad  900 , 3 3Vmp
2 Since, V0   cos 
1/2 2
   
(only valid for 0    300 )
200 2  1   sin 2  2 
ITr      Now, in case of discontinuous conduction,
2 10    2 2 
1 180
2 30 mp
ITr  10 Amp V0  V sin t d t

Hence, the correct answer is 10. 3

GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.59
3Vmp So, option (B) is correct.
V0  [1  cos(30  )]
2 V  230 V , ra  0.5 ,
3Vmp 1 3 3Vmp km  0.4 V-s/rad ,   20 N-m
 [1  cos(30  )]  
2 2 2 Nm  1500 rpm
 30    97.699
Vt I a 87.83 50
   67.70 pf    0.625
Vs I s 230  30.52
Hence, the correct option is (B).
So, option (C) is not correct.
52. (B), (D) Hence, the correct options are (B) & (D).
Given : V  230 V , ra  0.5  , 53. 142.99
km  0.4 V-s/rad ,   20 N-m and Given : 220 V, 1500 r.p.m., 10 Amp motor with
Nm  1500 rpm Ra  1 
For 1- half wave converter, Motor constant km can be evaluated from the
rating of motor as follows :
Vm
V0  [1  cos ] Vt  Eb  I a Ra
2
Above formula is applicable here because a half 220  Kmm  I a Ra
wave converter can give constant current only if Kmm  10(1)  220  210
free-wheeling diode is installed.
210  60
Armature current, T   I a (   constant for Km   1.337 V  s/rad
21500
separately excited DC motor) 1  300 , Te  5 N-m
T  Km I a For the torque of 5 Nm, armature current,
Ia 
T

20
 50A T  Km I a
Km 0.4 5
Ia   3.74A
Vt  Kmm  I a ra 1.337
21500 The equation for the operation of converter
Vt  0.4   50  0.5  87.83
60 motor is, V0  Vt  Ea  I a ra
Vm 2Vm
(1  cos )  87.83 cos   Kmm  I a ra
2 
  45.850 2  2  250
cos300
So, option (D) is correct. 
RMS value of thyristor current is :  1.337 m  (3.74)1
 m  142.99 rad/sec
IThrms  I a
2
Hence, the correct answer is 142.99.
 54. (B)
  45.85 
 50 180
2 Given : Vs  250V , I 0  20A ,
 50 0.610  30.52A f  250 Hz , L  1.25 mH , C  8 F
 6.60 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
T1
i0 56. 18.86
+ +
C
– R Given : Vs  600V, R  15 Ω/ph
TA + 0
+ D For 180 mode the waveform of line voltage as
Vs FD L V0
– L shown in figure,
S –
+
E v0 t 
Rc –
–
For voltage commutated chopper, Vs 2
240 0 360 0
t
TON   LC 60 0
180 0
 Vs 2
3 6
TON   1.2510  810
TON  314.16 sec RMS value of line voltage
1 1
(Minimum turn ON time)  2  2  2  2
For minimum output voltage,  3   
 Vs    600  3 
Vs  2Vs       
Vmin  V0  (TON )min  C 
T  I0 
 600 
2
 489.9V
3
 8 106  2  250 
 2502 314.2 106   RMS value of phase voltage
 20  489.9
  282.84 V
V0  32.138 V 3
Hence, the correct option is (B). RMS value of load current
55. 1 282.84
  18.86 Amp
15
Given : Vs  440V, Ra  0.06 , Rs  0.04 , Hence, the correct answer is 18.86.
I a  200 A, f  500 Hz, Eb  200V 57. 17.36
Average output voltage for step down chopper Given : R  2.4  , L  25 μH
is,
1
V0  VS For series RLC circuit, sL  R  0
sC
Eb  I a ( Ra  Rs )  VS s2 LC  RCs 1  0
200  200(0.1)   440 sR 1
s2   0
220 L LC
  0.5 Comparing with 2nd order equation
440
T s2  2n s  2n  0
but,   ON
T 1 R
n  , 2n 
0.5 1 1 LC L
 TON  T    1 msec
500 1000 R LC

Hence, the correct answer is 1. 2L
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.61
For obtaining self-commutation system should 59. 0.875
be under damped so   1
Given figure is buck converter,
R C
1
2 L
R 2C
1
4L
4L
C 2
R Maximum inductor current = 0.25 Amp,
4L   0.75, f  5 kHz, Vs  100V, R  10  and
Maximum value of C  2
R
6
E  40V
4  25 10
C  17.36 F For step down chopper average voltage is
2.42
V0(avg)  Vs  75V
Hence, the correct answer is 17.36.
V0  E 75  40
58. (B), (C) i0(avg)    3.5Amp
R 10
Given : Vdc  230V, R  10 , L  7.5 mH, iD(avg)  i0(avg)  (1)
1
  0.5 , T   1msec , TON  T  0.5msec  3.5 0.25  0.875Amp
f
Hence, the correct answer is 0.875.
7.5mH
60. (B), (C)
S
+ Given figure is boost regulator,
230 V D i 10  IL L = 4 mH ID
–
VL IC I0

L C = 200  F R = 50 
a  7.5 10 4 sec 100 V
R
By using time domain analysis of step down
chopper, Vs  100 V, L  4 mH, C  200 μF
 TON  R  50 ,   0.25, TON  0.25 msec
Vs  e a  1 Eb 1.947  1
I min   T    23 
 3.79  1 
Average output voltage,
R a R
 e  1  V 100
V0  S   133.33 V
1   1  0.25
 7.8Amp  Eb  0
For ideal converter input power equal to output
So, option (B) is correct.
power, then
 T
 ON  V0 I 0  VS I S
V 1  e a  Eb  1  0.513 
I max  s T   R  23 1  0.2636  VS
R 
I 0  VS I S
 1  e a 
1 
 15.21Amp  Eb  0 I
IS  0 
V0

133.33
So, option (C) is correct. 1   R(1  ) 50(1  0.25)
Hence, the correct options are (B) & (C).  3.55Amp
 6.62 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Applying KVL at input side, tC  0.1103  0.1msec
di
100  L So, option (A) is correct.
dt
Minimum ON period of main thyristor,
100
[TON  0]  I S 
L t1    LC
0
100
I L   0.25 103  6.25Amp
4 10 3
t1   1.25103  8106
Maximum value of source current,
t1  3.14 10 4  0.314msec
I 6.25
I SP  I S  L  3.55  So, option (C) is correct.
2 2
 6.675Amp Hence, the correct options are (A) & (C).
So, option (B) is correct. 62. 4.8
V 133.33 Given : The above figure is buck boost
I0  0   2.66 Amp
R 50 regulator, then
T I sw
  ON
T Switch IL IC I0
+
T –
T  ON  1msec – L
O V
 100 V VL
–
L C VC A 0
+ D +
1 1
f   3  103 Hz
T 10
For step up chopper ripple in output voltage is Vs
Average output voltage is given by, V0 
given by 1 
I 0.25  2.666 (where  is duty cycle or duty ratio)
V0  0   3.33V
fC 200 106 103 100
120 
So, option (C) is correct. 1 
Hence, the correct options are (B) & (C). 120 120   100 
61. (A), (C) 220   120
Given : For voltage commutated chopper, 120
T1   0.5454
220
iC I 0  20 A Assuming input power  Output power (loss
8 F TA
L less condition)
O
250 V FD A V0 I 0  Vs I s
D
1.25 mH D V0  Eb 120 100
where, I0    4Amp
Ra 5
Vs  250V, I 0  20A, L  1.25 mH and
Average value of source current will be,
C  8 μF
120  4  100  I s
Circuit turn OFF time of main thyristor,
CV 8 10 6  250 I s  4.8Amp
tC  S   110 4 sec
I0 20 Hence, the correct answer is 4.8.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.63

63. 27.5 4
Where,   Duty cycle   0.8
5
Given figure is buck regulator,
2 100
V01( rms )  sin(180  0.8)

 26.4 V
Hence, the correct option is (B).
65. (A)
Maximum inductor ripple current,
Given : The given figure is buck converter,
(1  )Vs
I L  Ripple voltage, V0  18mV
fL
Ripple current, I L  0.6Amp
d I L
0 Chopping frequency, f  30 kHz
d
(For maximum value of ripple current) Output voltage, V0  5 V
 1 2  0 Input voltage, Vs  12 V
  0.5
0.5  (1  0.5)Vs V
 I L (max)   s
fL 4 fL
Where, Vs  Supply voltage  550 V
 I L(max)  0.1I0 iC

550
  0.1 200 I L / 2
4  250  L t I L
L  27.5 mH T/2
Hence, the correct answer is 27.5. T
vC
64. (B)
V
Given the figure shows stepdown chopper, V0 t

We know, Q  CV
Q  C  V0
Q
The Fourier series expression is given as, V0 

C
2Vs
V0  Vs   sin(n) Charge stored  Q  Area under positive time
n 1, 2,3 n
in ic waveform
cos(n0t  n) 1 I T
Q   L 
Rms value of fundamental component, 2 2 2
2Vs I I
V01( rms )  sin() Q  L T  L
 8 8f
 6.64 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
I L 5
V0  15 
8 f C 1 
I L 1   
5 1
C
8 f V0 15 3
1 2
Substituting the values,   1 
3 3
0.6
C  138.88 F Now the ripple current
8  30 103 18 103 2
Hence, the correct option is (A). Vs  5
I L   3
66. 1.945 Lf 150 106  25 103
 0.89 Amp
Given : The given figure is boost regulator,
I
V0  15 V , Vs  5 V , I 0  0.5 Amp , I L  0 in case of boost converter
1 
f  25 kHz , L  150 μH and C  220 μF
0.5
The peak valve of inductor current, IL   1.5
2
1
I 3
IP  IL  L
2 I 0.89
I P  I L  L  1.5   1.945 Amp
where I L is ripple current. 2 2
By applying KVL in input circuit when switch Hence, the correct answer is 1.945.
is ON 67. 100
Given :

Vs  VL  0
VL  Vs
TON
1
di TOFF
L  Vs
dt TON  TOFF
V T
I L  s ON TON
L So, duty ratio,    0.5
TOFF  TON
V
I L  s Now, R  50 
Lf
V0
Calculation of    can be calculated from the Here in the figure, I0  and V0  Vs
R
average output voltage Vs
I0  and I 0  I s
Average output voltage in case of boost R
converter is given as V V R
Rin  s  s 
V0  s
V I s Vs 
1  R
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.65
R 125 5
So, Rin   
 225 9
50 Vs
Rin   100  Ripple current, I L 
0.5 fL
Hence, the correct answer is 100. 5
100 
68. (A) I L  9
6
120 10  5 103
Given : The given figure is buck boost
500
converter I L   92.59Amp
9  600 103
For buck boost converter average output voltage
At boundary of continuous and discontinuous
is given by
conduction I min  0
V
V0  s I L
1  I Lavg   46.296 Amp
as V0  125V, Vs  100 V and f  5kHz 2
5
100 Average switch current  I Lavg   46.296
125  9
1 
 25.72A
125 125  100 
Hence, the correct option is (A).
125  225

69. (B)
Given :
I sw

Switch IL IC I0
+
–
–
50 V VL L C VC R = 5  V0
– + +

Note : In choppers always check for the possibility of discontinuous conduction. Conditions for
discontinuous conduction
V0  V0given
Lcritical  Lgiven
Now given, Vs  50V , R  5  , I Lavg  40A and Lgiven  30μH

R(1  )2
Lcritical  (For buck boost converter)
2f
5  (1  0.6)2
Lcritical   40μH
2 10000
Lgiven  Lcritical
 6.66 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
So it is discontinuous conduction,
V
I L  s
fL
50  0.6
I L   100A
30 106 104
1
(I L ) T
( I L )avg  2
T
1
40  (I L ) 
2
80
     0.8
100

Vs 0.6  50
Now, V0    150 V
   0.8  0.6
Hence, the correct option is (B).
70. 0.4019
Given : In the absence of SCR,
V2 V2  Vm 
Power, P1  s(rms)   Vs(rms)  V 
R R  2 

In the presence of SCR, rms voltage across the resistor when firing angle is   600 ,
1/2
2V  1 
V0( rms )   (  )  sin 2
2  2 
V0(rms)  0.634V
(0.634V )2
 Then power, P2 
R
2
P2 (0.634V ) R
So,   2  (0.634)2  0.4019
P1 R V
Hence, the correct answer is 0.4019.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.67

71. (C)
Given : V0  200V, I 0  1 Amp, Vs  220V
x
I0
2Vm V0  200 V
cos   220 V


Voltage drop due to source inductance,

V0  220  200  20V
 2Ls 
   I 0  20 V
  
200Ls
 20  Ls  0.1 H

Hence, the correct option is (C).
72. 5.14 Input power factor is given by,
I s1
Given : Due to source inductance, for full Power factor  cos 
converter average output current is given by, Is
V
I0  m cos   cos(  ) where I s1 is the RMS value of the fundamental
2Ls
component of the source current and I s is the
230 2
10  RMS value of the source current
2  2 50  2.5 103
2 2
cos300  cos(300 ) I s1  I0 , I s  I0 ,   300

  5.140 2 2
I0
Hence, the correct answer is 5.14. So, power factor   cos   0.9cos 
73. (C) I0

Given : For full converter average output  0.9cos300  0.7796

voltage is given by, Hence, the correct option is (C).
2Vm 2  230 2 74. 9.602
V0  cos   cos300
 
Given :
V0  179.33V
Average output current for RLE load is given
by,
V  E 179.33 100
I0  0 
R 2.5
I 0  31.732Amp
 6.68 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Extinguishing angle for single pulse (R-L load) 100  Vml  0.840
is given by,
Vml  119.04 V
 L 
    tan 1   119.04
 R  Vmp   68.727 V
3
 2 50  2 10 3 
   tan 1   Per phase input supply voltage,
 5  V 68.727
 1800  7.1620  187.1620 (Vp )rms  mp   48.597 V
2 2
Circuit turn OFF time for single pulse (R-L Hence, the correct option is (C).
load) is given by,
76. (A)
2  (360 187.62)  
tc  
 2 50 180 Given : Constant load current, I 0  30 Amp
 9.602m-sec Range of firing angle  00 to 650
Hence, the correct answer is 9.602 msec. Supply voltage, Vs  400V (line)
75. (C) Power dissipated by the load is
Given : R  5 ,   30 0
PL  V0 I 0 …(i)
Load power PL  2 kW Average output voltage for a 3- , half wave
3- full converter feeding resistive load, converter in case of continuous conduction is
3V
V0  ml cos 
2
  00
3  400  2
V0   cos00  270.09V
2
PL  V0 I 0  270.09  30  8102.7 W
Power for resistive load is given by,
PL  8.102 kW
V2
PL  or  I or2  R …(i)   650
R
Substituting values of PL and R, 3 400  2
V0   cos650  114.147V
Vor2 2
2 103  PL  V0 I 0  114.147  30  3424.41W
5
Vor  100 V PL  3.42 kW
rms output voltage for 3- full converter for Hence, the correct option is (A).
  600 is, 77. (A)
Given : Vrms  314 V
1
1 3 3 2
Vor  Vml   cos 2 
 2 4   Vm  Vrms  2  314 2 V
1 3 3  Frequency, f  50Hz
100  Vml   cos(2  300 ) 
 2 4    2f  100 rad/sec
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.69
Source inductance, Ls  2.82mH Vp 230 2 10 6
L   1.62 H
Load current I 0  25 Amp and   60
0 di 200 1
For 1- full converter with source inductance,
dt
Hence, the correct answer is 1.62.
reduction in average output.
V 79. (A), (C), (D)
Vd  m (cos   cos(  ))
 Given : String voltage, Vs  11kV,
2I L String current, I s  4 kA
Also, Vd  0 s

SCR current, I1  1 kA,
V 2I L
 Vd  m (cos   cos(  ))  0 s SCR voltage, V1  1.7 kV, Ib  15mA
 
2I L   90% [For both series and parallel]
 cos   cos(  )  0 s
Vm String voltage
s (efficiency) 
n  SCR voltage
2  25 100  2.82 103
 11kV
314 2   7.19  8
0.9 1.7 kV
 cos  cos()  0.1
Number of SCR connected in series  8
 cos( )  cos60  0.1
So, option (D) is correct.
cos( )  0.4 Equalizing resistance,
   66.42 nV1  Vs
Rs 
and   66.42  60  6.420  0.112 rad (n 1)Ib
Now overlap period, 8 1.7 103  11103
   24.76k
tover   356.67  sec  360 sec 7 15 103
 So, option (A) is correct.
[ t  ] The value of equalizing capacitance is given by,
Note : Take  in radians while calculating (n 1)Qmax
C
toverlap . nV1  Vs
Hence, the correct option is (A). 7  24 106

78. 1.62 8 1.7 103  11103
di  6.46 108 F  64.615 nF
Given :  200 A/μsec , Vs  230V
dt So, option (C) is correct.
di  di  (V ) Hence, the correct options are (A), (C) & (D).
Vs  L and    s max
dt  dt max L 80. 43.92
When thyristor turns on, starting current is Given : 1-phase full converter
almost negligible and at t  90 supply
0
Firing angle ()  300
voltage become maximum or at peak value of Holding current ( I H )  600 m Amp
supply voltage,
Load, R  10 Ω, L  10 mH
di
Vp  L Supply, Vs (rms)  200 V and f  50 Hz
dt
 6.70 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
At the instant of triggering of the SCR, i.e. Average power (Pg )  Vg I g  0.5 W
t  
From the gate circuit of SCR,
di V sin 
Rate of rise of anode current   m A
dt L
di 2 Vs sin 300 Rs Ig
 G
dt 10 103
2  200  sin 300
 Vs Vg
10 103
 14142.13 Amp/sec
K
Now, time taken by the SCR to reach upto Vs  Vg  I g Rs
holding current is calculated by using the graph,
20  Vg  I g 110 …(i)
ia
Given, Pg  0.5  Vg I g
di
dt 0.5
IH Vg  …(ii)
Ig
From equations (i) and (ii),
0.5
20   I g 110
Ig
t
 ta 20I g  0.5  I g2 110
t
 I g2  0.1818I g  0.0045  0
di I g  0.15224 Amp, 0.02955 Amp
IH   ta
dt
Here, to reduce turn-on time, taking
I 600 103
Hence, ta  H   42.42 μ sec I g  0.15224 Amp
 di  14142.13
 dt  0.5
  Hence, Vg  
0.5
 3.284 V
Hence, minimum pulse width required, Ig 0.15224
tSCR  td  ta  1.5  42.42 Hence, the correct answer is 3.284.

delay time 82. 0.18
tSCR  43.92 μ sec Given : Fourier series for a single phase full
Hence, the correct option is 43.92. bridge inverter

4VS
81. 3.284 V0 (t )   sin nt
n 1,3,5 n
Given : Trigger circuit supply voltage,
Vs  20 V Where, VS  200V
For nth harmonic component :
Load line slope ( Rs )  110 
4V
3
Gate current, I g min  30 10 Amp V0n  S sin(nt )
n
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.71
For 5th harmonic component : Average current through each thyristor,
4V V
V05  S sin (5t ) IT (avg)  dc  2.833 Amp
5 4R
4VS Hence, the correct options are (A) & (B).
RMS value of 5th harmonic 
5 2
84. 170.314
 4VS 
  Given : V0  150 V , Vdc  250V
 5 2 
Ratio will be   0.180
VS Fourier series of full bridge voltage source
Hence, the correct answer is 0.180. inverter,

83. (A), (B) 4Vdc
v0 (t )  
n 1, 3, 5 n
sin nd sin nt
Given : Vdc  50V, R  3
Fourier series for single phase half bridge 2 2
Vdc sin(d )  150
v0 t  
2 2
 250  sin d  150
Vdc 2 
t
 Vdc 2
d  41.770
2d
Vor  Vdc

2Vdc 
v0 (t )  
n 1,3,5.... n
sin nt
2  41.77
 250  250  0.68
RMS value of fundamental output voltage, 180
2Vs 2  50
V01    22.50 V  170.314V
 2  2
Hence, the correct answer is 170.314.
So, option (A) is correct.
2
V0(rms) 252 85. (D)
Output power    208.33W
R 3 Given : f  50 kHz, R  3 , L  9.55 mH
 Vdc 
 V0(rms)  2  25 V 
The output voltage and current waveform in the
  voltage source inverter are as follows.
So, option (B) is correct.
Average output voltage, V0  0
V0
Average output current, I 0  0
R
IT

Vs 2 R
t
T 2 T
 6.72 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
The interval V0  0, I 0  0 means output Fourier series for single phase full bridge
voltage is negative and current is positive, the inverter

4Vs
device D3 , D4 would be there in the v0 (t )   sin nt
conduction. n 1,3,5.... n

Hence, the correct option is (D). Since load is series RLC,

86. 15.23 RMS value of load voltage due to fundamental
component is given by,
Given : Vs  200V, f  50 Hz,
4Vs 4  230
R  10 , L  50 mH Vrms    207.1V
 2  2
Load impedance,
Z  R2  X 2  R 2  ( X L  X C )2

 (1.2)2  (1)2  1.56 

Load angle,
X  1 
  tan 1    tan 1    39.80
R  1.2 
Current follows the equation, ( X  X L  X C  8  7  1)
t
RMS value of load current due to fundamental
i  I ()  ( I (0)  I ())e 
component,
VS  V  t 207.1
i   I p  S  e  I01( rms )   132.58 Amp
R  R 1.56
VS  t
 t Hence, the correct answer is 132.58.
i  1  e 

 p 
I e
R  88. (A)
0
T Given : For 180 mode of voltage source
At t  , i  Ip
2 inverter (VSI) the conduction of thyristor is
T T
V given,
I p  S (1  e 2  )  I p e 2 
R
T
200  T

I p (1  e 2 )   1  e 2

S1 S3 S5
10   +
Vs
 1 1 L 50 10  3 _ A B C
 T  ,   
 f 50 R 10  S2 S4 S6

I p  15.23A
Hence, the correct answer is 15.23. A B
R5
87. 132.58 R4

Given : Vs  230V, T  1msec, R  1.2 , R6

X L  8 , X C  7  C
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.73
During mode-I, 90. 2.25
S1 S2 Given : Zero crossing of current will occur after
‘  ’ radians from fundamental voltage
S4 S3 S4
component.
S5 S6 S5 X 
Here,   tan 1  L  (as shown in figure)
 R 
60 o 120 o 180 o 240o 300 o 360 o 420 o

During 60 mode S1  ON, S3  OFF,

o

S5  ON
Hence, the correct option is (A).
89. (A)
T
1 T
Given : R  1, L  6 ,  7 ,
C 2

Vs  200V Operating frequency  100 Hz

  2100  200
Fourier series for single phase full bridge
X
inverter tan   L

4Vs R
v0 (t )   sin nt
n 1,3,5.... n
 200 0.2 
  tan 1    80.95
0

Now, Fundamental voltage component,  20 

4V 4 200 
V01(rms)  s    180 V   80.95   1.413 rad
 2  2 180
Fundamental current component, t  
V 180  t  1.413
I 01(rms)  01(rms) 
Z1 R  ( X L  X C )2
2 1.413
 t  2.25 ms
200
180 180
  Hence, the correct answer is 2.25.
1  (6  7)
2 2
2
91. 21.087
 127.324Amp
X  XC Given : Vs  230 V, T  1 ms
Now, tan   L  450
R v0 t 
Instantaneous value of fundamental current
component, Vs

i01  2I01 sin (t  ) T 2 T

t
180
i01  2  sin (t  450 )
2
i01  180sin(t  450 ) 1
R  1.2 , L  8 , 7 
Hence, the correct option is (A). C
 6.74 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Fourier series representation for output voltage PL  207.07 132.562  cos (39.805)
is, PL  21087.55 W  21.087 kW

4Vs
V0 (t )   sin nt Hence, the correct answer is 21.087.
n 1, 3, 5 n
92. (B)
rms Fundamental component,
4V 4  230 Given : V0  220V, N  1450rpm,
V01  s   207.07 V
 2  2 I 0  100Amp
 1  For 3-phase half controlled converter average
Impedance, Z n  R  j  nL  
 nC  output voltage is given by
3Vml
Fundamental impedance, (1  cos )  220
 1  2
Z1  R  j  L    1.2  j(8  7) 3  220  2
 C  (1  cos )  220
Z1  1.2  j1  1.56239.8050  
( I 0  100A)
Fundamental rms current,
V 207.07   61.250
I01( rms )  01 
Z1 1.56239.805 
I s  I0  81.22 Amp
I01(rms )  132.562 39.805 Amp 
Power delivered to load due to fundamental 6 
and I s1  I0 cos  67.09Amp
component,  2
PL  V01(rms)  I01(rms ) cos() I s2  I s21
%THD  100%  68.25%
Where,  is angle between fundamental voltage I s1
and fundamental current. Hence, the correct option is (B).
93. (A), (B), (C), (D)
Given : The below figure is boost regulator,
IL ID
VL IC I0

Vs  5V,V0  15V, f  25 kHz, L  150μH and C  220μF

Vs
Average output voltage for boost regulator, V0 
1 
5 2
15      0.6667
1  3
V  (V0  Vs ) 5  (15  5)
Ripple current of inductor, I  s  0.89Amp
f  L V0 25,000 150 10 6 15
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.75
I0
Source current, I s   1.5Amp and
(1  )
I
Peak inductor current, I p  I s   1.945Amp
2
So, option (A) is correct.
I0   0.5  0.6667
Now, ripple voltage across capacitance, Vc    60.61mV
f  C 25,000  220 10 6
So, option (B) is correct.
V
Load resistance, R  0  30 
I0
(l ) R (1  0.6667)  0.6667  30
Critical inductance, LC    133μH
2f 2  25 103
So, option (C) is correct.
 0.6667
Critical capacitance, CC    0.44μF
2 fR 2  25 103  30
So, option (D) is correct.
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B), (C) & (D).
94. (A), (B), (C), (D)
Given : The below figure is buck boost regulator.
I sw
IL I0
IC
VL VC

Vs  12V ,   0.25, I 0  1.25A, f  25 kHz, L  150μH and C  220μF

Vs  12  0.25
For Buck-Boost regulator average output voltage V0      4V
1  1  0.25
I  1.25  0.25
For Peak-to-Peak output ripple voltage is Vc  0   56.8mV
f  C 25,000  220 10 6
Vs  12  0.25
Peak-to-Peak inductor ripple current is I L    0.8Amp
f  L 25,000 150 10 6
So, option (A) is correct.
I0 1.25
For source current, I s    0.25   0.4167Amp
1  1  0.25
I I 0.4167 0.8
Peak-to-peak current of the switch, I p  s  L    2.067Amp
 2 0.25 2
So, option (B) is correct.
 6.76 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
V0 4
Load resistance, R    3.2 
I0 1.25
(l  ) R (1  0.25)  3.2
Critical inductance, Lc    45μH
2f 2  25 103
So, option (C) is correct.
 0.25
Critical capacitance, CC    1.56μF
2 fR 2  25 103  3.2
So, option (D) is correct.
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B), (C) & (D).
95. (C)
Given : For AC voltage regulator
Load inductance L  16mH, Supply voltage Vs  230V, Frequency f  50Hz and
Load resistance R  5 

I0

R 5
230 V,
50 Hz L  16mH

The load impedance,

Z  R  jL  R2  (L)2

Z  52  (2  50 16 103 )2

Z 5 2 
L (2 50 16 10 3 )
Z  tan 1  tan 1  450
R 5
Now, Z  Z  5 2450
The impedance angle of inductive load,
  450
Then the range of firing angle for controlled operation,
    1800
The maximum firing angle at which the voltage across the device becomes zero or for continuous
conduction of thyristor max  450 because if we provide firing angle less than 450 , switch will not be
fully controlled. If we provide   450 then voltage across switch will not be zero.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.77
Now RMS value of current through SCR,
1   Vm
2

ITrms   
2   Z
sin(t  )  d t

Vm2  1  cos 2(t  ) 
ITrms 
2Z 2 
  2  d (t )

Vm2  sin 2(t  )

(  )

ITrms  t  
2  2Z 2  2  

Vm    sin 2(    )  sin 2(  ) 

ITrms     
2Z    2 
V V
ITrms   m
2Z  2Z
Where, Z  5 2
Vm  230 2


4
After substituting the above values the RMS value of current through SCR is,
IT (rms)  23 Amp
Hence, the correct option is (C).

96. (A) Time of one cycle,

1 1
I I T   sec
f 50
T3
Rate of change of current,
T1
C di 0.5A
C1    0.5  50  25 A/sec
2
dt T
  I
VC1
A short circuit at the load terminals of the
D1 D3 inverter puts the most severe conditions on the
source. So the value of source inductance must
I L I
be obtained from these considerations.
di
 Vs  L
D4 D2 dt
VC1 Source inductance,
 
I 220
C L  8.8H
C2  25
T4 2 T2
Circuit turn-off time for current source invertor
tc  RC ln 2
 6.78 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Or 20106  10.C ln2 During, 0  t  
40 10 6 V0  Vs  200V
Or C  2.8854 μF
10ln 2  I  ( I p ) 
Hence, the correct option is (A). 200  0.1 p 
 t1 
97. (B)
2I
Given : Source voltage Vs  200V and Load 200  0.1 p 100
1
inductance L  0.1H I p  10A
For single phase voltage source inverter
1 4
2 0
Now, I D(avg)  I D (t ) dt

 4t 
Where, I D (t )  I p  1
T 
1  4  4t 
2 0
I D(avg)  I p  1 dt
T 
I D(avg)  1.25 Amp
Hence, the correct option is (B).
98. (C)
Given : For sinusoidal-pulse modulation,
V 1
 Modulation index, MI  r   0.2
Vc 5
Number of pulses per half cycle,
f 1000
N  c 1   1  10  1  09
2f 2(50)
[N – 1 for zero coincidence of Vc and Vr ]
I D1 
Order of significant harmonics are
2
2N 1  2(9)  1  17 and 19
99. (C)
Given : In order to ensure that SCR 2 will
During 0  t   , i0 increases from I p to I p
undergo natural commutation
where, I p  Peak value of output load current, 100
R2 
At t1  , 2.5 103
   1  R2  40 k
t1 
   sec
 2f 2 50 100 When SCR 2 is turned-off, the charging of C
At t  0, i0  I p and t  t1, i0  I p takes place through R2
di 100
V0  L Where R1   4
dt 25
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.79
The charging equation for C is, dia Vs  Ea 220 157.08
 
 
tq
 dt L 0.02
Vc  V 1  e R1 C
  3146A/s
 
  During Off-period,
 
tq
 dia Ea 157.08
500  100 1  e 4C    7854A/s
  dt L 0.02
 
With current rising linearly, then
tq  0.693 4 C  2.77 C
 di 
I mx  I mn   a during Ton   Ton
30 10 6  dt 
C  10.82μF
2.77  Imn  3146 1.785103
Hence, the correct option is (C).
I mx  I mn  5.616 …(i)
100. (A)
For linear variation between I mn and I mx ,
Given : Vs  220V, F  400Hz, T  30 Nm,
average value of armature current
N  1000rpm ra  0 , La  2 mH and I I
I a  mx mn  20Amp
km  1.5V  sec /rad 2
As the armature resistance is neglected, I mx  40  I mn …(ii)
armature current varies linearly between its Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
minimum and maximum values. I mx  22.808Amp and
Average armature current,
I mn  17.912Amp
T 30
Ia  e   20Amp Hence, the correct option is (A).
Km 1.5
101. (A), (B)
Motor emf,
Ea  Km m Given : For single phase Dual converter,
21000 Vs  230V, L  25mH, 1  60o and 2  120o
Ea  1.5   157.08V Peak circulating current,
60
Motor input voltage, 2V
Icp  m [1  cos 1 ]
Vs  Vt  Ea  I a rs  157.08V L
2  230  2

157.08
 0.714  3
[1  cos600 ]
220 2  3.14  50  25 10
1 1  41.43A
Periodic time, T    2.5 m.s So, option (A) is correct.
f 400
Instantaneous output current,
On-period, Ton  T  0.714  2.5  1.785 ms
230  2
Off-period, Toff  (1)T  0.715 ms Ip   16.26A
20
During On-period Ton , armature current will Peak current of converter
rise which is governed by the equation, I p  Icp  41.43 16.26  57.67A
di So, option (B) is correct.
0  L  Ea  Vt
dt Hence, the correct options are (A) & (B).
 6.80 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

102. (A) 103. (B)

Given : For circuit is as shown below, Given : Latching current, I L  50mA
IL
Holding current, I H  40mA
I SCR Ic I L 50

I H 40
I L  1.25 I H
 SCR will be ON
I AK
The RC time constant
dv 0.632Vs IL I2

dt 
10 
But dv  100V, dt  1s and Vs  500V 10 k
100 0.632  500
 6

110 
 6
  3.16 10 sec or 3.16μs
 RC  3.16 s Applying KCL at point A,
When SCR is ON then maximum load current I AK  I L  I 2 …(i)
500 100
I L(max)   20A I2   10 mA  0.01Amp …(ii)
25 10K
The SCR is generally selected such that its i(t )  I L ()   I L (0 )  IC () et /
maximum current is twice the value of I L(max) .
I L (0 )  I L (0 )  0 A
 ISCR(max)  2  I L(max)  40A
I L ()  10 Amp
At the time of turn on,
L 0.5
ISCR  I L  IC    50 103 sec
R 10
where, IC  discharge current of C t

 IC  ISCR  I L I L (t )  10  (0 10)e 5010 3

 IC (max)  40  20  20A  t
3 
 I L (t )  10 1  e 10 
50
…(iii)
The value of R should be such that I C does not  
Putting the value of equation (ii) and (iii) in
exceed IC (max) .
equation (i),
VC 500
 R   25   t
3 
IC (max) 20  50 10  10 1  e 10   10 103
3 50

 
RC  3.16106
3.16 106  t
3 

 C  1.264 107 F 0.04  10 1  e 5010 

25  
 C  0.1264F t  200.401μsec
Hence, the correct option is (A). Hence, the correct option is (B).
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.81

104. (C) L  IL
t
Vs
SCR can be turned ON by applying following
1
different methods t I L
Vs
(i) Applying anode voltage at sufficiently
fast rate. Successful turn of thyristor can be obtained by
applying gate current of either high amplitude
(ii) Applying sufficiently large anode
and short duration or low amplitude and high
voltage.
duration. But practically to wait for long time to
(iii) Applying sufficiently large gate current.
turn ON the device is not possible hence, high
Above two methods are not suitable to amplitude and short duration gate pulse is
turn ON SCR as during the turn ON applied.
device may damage. Hence, the correct option is (A).
 Hence, third method is used generally.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
105. (A)

Turn ON time of SCR depends on following

parameters,

108. (B)

VT

R

Vm sin t V0

In single phase semi-converter, SCR conducts for  to  i.e.  but in this case SCR stops at  which
is less then  so SCR conducts for    .
I0
T1D 1 T 2D2


t
    
Hence, the correct option is (B).
 6.82 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

109. (A) (ii) Output power is given by,

Given : Vs  220V, f  50Hz, R  10  and V02r Vs2 100 100

P0     1000 W
R R 10
  600
(iii) Peak current of each thyristor,
Is I0 V 100
+ ITeak  s   10A
R 10
220 V V0 10 
– Average current of each thyristor,
Vs  T / 2  Vs 100
   5A

Pdc output VI
 0 0 R  T  2R 2 10
Pac output Vrms I rms (iv) PIV of each thyristor  Vs  100V
Pdc  V0 I 0
So, the option (B) is correct.
V
V0  m [1  cos ] Hence, the correct options are (A) & (D).
2
111. (C)
220  2
 [1  cos600 ]
2 Given : R  5 , f  50 Hz
220 2  1  The waveform of thyristor current for half
 1   74.27 V
2  2  bridge inverter is,
V 74.27 IT
I0  0   7.42 A
R 10
1
V  sin 2  2 Vs 2 R
Vrms  m   
2  2  T 2 T
t
1
220 2   sin (120 )  0 2
    
2   3 2  The peak value of thyristor current from
 139.53 V waveform is,
V
I rms  rms  13.953 A V
IT ( peak )  s 
220
 22 A
R 2R 2  5
Pdc output 74.27  7.42
%   The rms value of thyristor current is,
Pac output 139.53 13.953
 28.3% Vs T / 2
IT ( rms ) 
Hence, the correct option is (A). 2R T
110. (A), (D) Vs 220
IT ( rms )  
Given : Vs  100V, R  10  2 2R 2  2  5
(i) RMS output voltage at fundamental IT (rms)  15.556 A
frequency, Hence, the correct option is (C).
2 2Vs 2 2 100 112. (A)
V01    90.03V
 
So, the option (A) is correct. Given : R  10  and Vs  94V
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.83
Half bridge inverter Average output voltage is given by, for three
phase half wave converter
Vs S1 3V
2 V0  ml cos   vT
V0 2
Vml  2  400
Vs S2 For a firing angle of 300 ,
2
3 2  400
V0  cos300 1.4  232.509V
Fundamental power is given by, 2
V01(2 rms ) For   60 ,
0

P0( fund ) 
R 3 2  400
V0  cos600 1.4  133.647 V
Where, V01( rms )  Fundamental component of 2
output voltage. I 36
ITA  0   12A
Fourier series representation for half bridge 3 3
inverter is Average power dissipated in each thyristor is
 given by,
2Vs
V0 (t )   sin nt
n 1,3,5 n
ITAVT  12 1.4  16.8W

2Vs 2 Vs Hence, the correct answer is 16.8.

V01( rms )  
 2  114. (D)

2  94 Given :
  42.314V
 Note : A VSI has a constant voltage source with
negligible impedance in series in input and
(42.314)2
P0( fund )   179.04 W output voltage is independent of load but output
10
current is not.
P0 ( fund )  179.04 W
A CSI has a constant current source at input (i.e.
The rms power is given by a voltage source with high inductor in series)
V02rms and the output current is independent of load.
P0( rms ) 
R Hence, the correct option is (D).
V 94 115. (D)
Where, V0 rms  s   47 V
2 2 Given :
(47)2
The rms power P0( rms )   220.9 W Note : For VSI unipolar and bidirectional
10 switches are required. For CSI, bipolar and
P0(rms)  220.9W unidirectional switches are required.
Hence, the correct option is (A). From the given characteristics
P : Bipolar and unidirectional
113. 16.8
Q : Unipolar and bidirectional
Given : Vs  400V, f  50Hz, I 0  36A, R : Unipolar and unidirectional
  300 and 600 , VT  1.4V Hence, the correct option is (D).
 6.84 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®

116. (B)   24106  2 5000

Given : Vs  20V, V0  80V, I  2A  0.753rad  43.2o
IL 3 mH ID
So, under-damped system
X  XL
VL IC I0 tan   C
R
X 12
20 V 1.5 mF 16
tan 43.2o  C
3
X C  14.817 
This is a boost converter. 1 1
C 
For boost converter, 2 f  X C 2 500 14.817
V0  s
V  2.14μF  2μF
1  Hence, the correct option is (D).
V 3
   1  s   0.75 118. 3.5
V0 4
Given : From the circuit shown below
V 80
Output current, I0  0   5A 10 mH
R 16 + +
For boost converter, ripple current is given by,
V s
I  s 360V 1 mF V0
fL
.75  20 _ _
2
f  3 103
V0 1
f  2500Hz We know that, 
Vs 1  
Ripple voltage,
I 0.75  5
V  0   1V
fC 2500 1.5 103
Hence, the correct option is (B).
117. (D)
Given : A single-phase full bridge inverter is
supplying power to RLC load with R  3 and
X L  12 . The value of ‘C’ should be such that From figure,
400 1
RLC load is under-damped i.e. X C  X L the     0.1
360 1  
current leading the voltage
Vs I s  Power  360 I s  4000
So, / must be at least equal to circuit turnoff
I s (avg )  11.1 A
time.
 Neglecting ripple,
 24 106 12
 T 
I switch(rms)  I s ( avg )  ON 
  24 106  2 f  T 
103  I s ( avg )   11.1 0.1  3.5 A
f   5000 Hz
0.2 Hence, the correct answer is 3.5.
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.85

119. (B)
Given :   600 , Vs  235sin t
 Vm  235V
Given : L is very large.
Hence, continuous conduction ripple free condition.
The waveform of output voltage, output current and input current are,
Vs

2 4 t
 3

v0

t
   2   3   4  

iT , iT
1 2

I0

t
iT , iT
1 2

I0

   t
2   3   4  
i0
I0

t
is

I0
T1 , T2 T1 , T2 3  
 
 t
2   4  
T3 , T4 T3 , T4

2Vm 2  235
Now, V0  cos   cos600  75V
 
and for CCRF condition, I S (rms)  IO(rms)  I0
 6.86 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
V0  E 75 15
I0   6 A
R 10
Vm 235
Power delivered by supply  VS (rms)  I S (rms)   I0   6  993.74 VA  1 KVA
2 2
Hence, the correct option is (B).
120. (D)

Given : Vs  150 V, L  4mH, C  10μF, V0avg  154V

ITM TM I0
iC + – +
VTM I FD
10 F I TA TA
+ –
150 V VTA FD V0
4 mH
–
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.87

For voltage commutated chopper, 2  

Van01( rms )   500  cos    194.92V
TON   LC  6
1 194.92 V
Vs  TON   2tCM  2Vs i01( rms )   17.434  26.565o
2 10  5 j
V0avg 
T iR01  194.92V  17.434 26.565o
TON   LC  6.28 104 sec
P01  iR201  R  17.4342 10  3039.44W
V0avg  (Vs  TON  t CM  2Vs ) f
P3  9.118 kW
 1
 f  T 
Hence, the correct answer is 9.118.
122. (A), (C)
154  (150  6.28104  tCM
Given : For 120° conduction mode,
 2 150) 103 Fundamental RMS line voltage
 tCM  1.993104  200  sec 6 6
 Vdc   400  311.88V
CVs  
Also, tCM 
I0 So, option (A) is correct.
I V 400
(For voltage commutated chopper) IT ,rms  0rms  dc   18.86 A
CV 3 2R 2 15
 I0  s  7.5A For 180° conduction mode,
tCM
1/2
For voltage commutated chopper,  1  Vdc 2   2Vdc   
2

I or       2     
ITA  I 0    3R  3  3R  3 
1/2
C  400 2 2  2  400 2 1 
ITM  I 0  Vs
L        
 3 15  3  3 15  3 
 ITA  7.5A
 12.57A
10 106
 ITM  7.5  150 2Vdc 2
4 103 Now, Vph1( rms )    Vdc
 2 
ITM  7.5  150 0.0025 Vph1( rms ) ( 2/) Vdc 3
ITM  7.5  7.5  15A g  
Vph( rms ) ( 2/3) Vdc 
Hence, the correct option is (D).
1
121. 9.118 THD  1  31%
g2
Given : 120o conduction mode So, option (C) is correct.
3   balanced star-connected load Vs  500V Hence, the correct options are (A) & (C).
Phase impedance  (10  j5)  123. (C)
Fourier series of phase voltage is given by, When FWD is connected across the load then

2V n For  to ,TT
Van   s cos sin (nt )  1 2 is forward biased and
n 1,3,5 n 6
conducts.
 6.88 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
 For  to  , FWD is forward biased
and creates short circuit path, so
continuous ( I 0 ) current flows through
the diode.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
124. 542.7
Given : E  220V(rms), Eb  100V, R  10 

I0

V0
Eb

Fig. Waveform
Average output voltage is given by,
1  1
1 Ebdt 
2 1

2  1
V0  2 E sin t d t 

 E   100 
1  sin 1  b   sin 1    0.327 rad
 2E   2  220 
GATE ACADEMY® Power Electronics 6.89
1  2.812
 ( 2  220sin t ). d (t )   (100)  d (t ) 
6.610
V0 
2  0.327 2.812 
1
 100(t )2.812
2.812
  2  220cos  t 
6.610

2 0.327

1
 (589.02  379.8)  154.192V
2
V  E 154.192 100
I0  0   5.4192A
R 10
Power supplied to the battery, Eb I 0  100  5.4192  541.92 W
Hence, the correct answer is 541.92.
125. (D)

Given : Vs  Vm sin t,   600

Constant load current
Case-1 : For  to   , SCR and Diode both will be ON and SCR current ( I S /I SCR ) is increasing and
Diode current (iD ) is decreasing.

VLS  Vm sin t (For  to  )

(As inductor or SCR current is increasing so inductor will charge and have positive polarity).
Case-2 : ( ) to , SCR or inductor will be constant so inductor voltage will be zero and diode will
be one.
VLS  0 V (Inductor is short circuited)
Case-3 :  to (  ), Diode current will increase and SCR or inductor current will decrease, so
inductor is discharging.

VLS  VS  Vm sin t (For  to   )

 6.90 Paramount 1111 [EE] GATE ACADEMY®
Case-4 : () to (2  ) again inductor current will be constant so VLS  0 V (inductor short
circuited and Diode will be ON)
So the final waveform of inductor will be
Vs
Vm

t
  2 2   3

 Vm

iSCR iD
iSCR iDiode

t
    2 2  

   
SCR FWD FWD SCR
VLS (ON) (ON) (ON) (ON)

t

Hence, the correct option is (D).

