INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY BASED QUESTIONS

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 Document of questions based on flow charts. (chemistry)
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 1. The set up below was used by a student of St. Kevin Nyali Elite High
School to separate a mixture of water and ethanol with the boiling
points 100oC and 780C respectively. Use it to answer the questions
that follow.

(i) Name the method of separation used above.

(ii) Name the parts label X and B

(iii) Name the apparatus marked C and state its role.

(iv) Explain the role played by the part marked B.

(v) State the role of the part marked X.

(vi) Explain why it is possible to the separate a mixture of water

and ethanol by method named in (i) above.

(vii) Which liquid will be collected as the first distillate?Explain

(viii) What would happen if the inlet and outlet were

exchanged in the apparatus marked C.

(ix)State the three applications of method named in (i) above.

2. The set-up below was used to prepare a sample of dry oxygen gas. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.

H2O2

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 (i) Complete the diagram to show how dry Oxygen can be collected. (3 marks)

(ii) Write a chemical equation of the reaction to produce oxygen. (1 mark)

3. Air was passed through several reagents as shown below:

Concentrated
sodium hydroxide Excess copper
Air
solution turnings

Excess heated
Escaping magnesium
gases powder

(a) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place in the chamber containing
magnesium powder. (1 mark)

(b) Give another solution that can be used in place of sodium hydroxide solution.
(1mark)

(c) State the observation made at the chamber containing copper. (1

mark)

(d) The product of the chamber containing magnesium powder was added water and a
colourless solution was formed. A gas with a pungent choking irritating was also
formed.

(i) State and explain the observation that would be made if red litmus was
dipped in the solution above.
(1 mark)
(ii) Write a balance chemical equation of the reaction that took place in the
reaction of the product and water. (1 mark

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 (e) Name one gas which escapes from the chamber containing magnesium powder.
Give a reason for your answer.
(1 mark)

4. Oxygen is obtained on large scale by the fractional distillation of air as shown on the
flow
chart below.

a) Identify the substance that is removed at the filtration stage . (1 mark)

b) Explain why Carbon (IV) oxide and water are removed before liquefaction of
air. (4mark)
c) Identify the component that is collected at -186°C. (1 mark)

5. The set-up below was used to collect gas F produced by the reaction between sodium
peroxide and water.

i. Name gas F…………………………………………

ii. At the end of the experiment, the solution in the round bottomed flask was
found to be a strong base. Explain why this was so

iii. Which property of gas F makes it be collected by the method used in the set-
up?
iv. Give one industrial use of gas F

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 6. The set – up below was used to prepare a dry sample of hydrogen gas

i. Complete the diagram to show how a dry sample of hydrogen gas can be collected

(3marks)

ii. Label the apparatus X (1mark)

iii. Explain why Nitric(V) acid cannot be used in the preparation of hydrogen gas.
(1mark)

iv. Write the chemical equation that took place in the flask. (1 mark)

v. Write an equation for the reaction, which takes place when hydrogen gas burns in air.
(1mark)

vi. Name another metal that could be used in place of zinc granules. (2 marks)

vii. Explain what can be done to aluminum metal for to fit this experiment in place of zinc
granules. (1 mark)

viii. 1.2 litres of hydrogen gas produced at room temperature and pressure when 3.27g of
zinc was used. Determine the relative atomic mass of zinc.(Molar gas volume is 24
litres) (4marks)

ix. State one industrial use of hydrogen gas. (1mark)

x. Describe a test for hydrogen gas. (2marks)

7. The set-up below is used to investigate the properties of hydrogen.

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 i) On the diagram, indicate what should be done for the reaction to occur.
(1mark)
ii) State and explain the observations made in the combustion tube. (2 marks)

iii) Hydrogen gas is allowed to pass through the tube for some time before it is lit.
Explain. (1 mark)
iv) Explain why excess hydrogen burned and not allowed to escape into the air.
(1mark)
v) Explain one different observation that would be made if lead (II) oxide is used
in place of copper (II) oxide. (1 mark)
vi) Explain why the combustion tube is placed in a slanting position. (1 mark)

vii) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs in the combustion tube. (1 mark)

viii) When the reaction is complete, hydrogen gas is passed through the apparatus
until they cool down. Explain (1 mark)

ix) What property of hydrogen is being investigated? (1 mark)

x) What observation confirms the property stated in (v) above? (1 mark)

xi) Why is zinc oxide not used to investigate this property of hydrogen
gas?(1mark)

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 8. The set-up below was used to prepare a carbon (II) oxide gas.

Sodium methanoate solid

a. Give the name of substance A

b. Complete the diagram to show how the gas can be collected

c. Write the equation for the reaction

9. The set-up below was used to prepare dry carbon (II) Oxide gas. use it to answer the
questions below it:

Charcoal

a. State two mistakes committed in the set-up arrangement above

(iii) The student produced carbon (IV) oxide gas from the reaction between
Lead (II) Carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid. The gas was produced
for a short time and the reaction came to a stop. Explain

(iv) Write the equation for the reactions taking place in the combustion tube
and the conical flask:
Combustion tube:…………………………………………

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 Conical flask ……………………………………………………

(iv) State one use of carbon (IV) Oxide gas apart from fire extinguisher

(v) Give two properties that make carbon (IV) Oxide to be used as fire extinguisher

b. PbO(s) + CO(g) Pb(s) + CO2(g)

Which property of carbon (II) Oxide is demonstrated by the above equation?

c. Aluminium carbonate does not exist. Give a reason.

d. Ammonium carbonate decomposes when heated. Write a chemical equation to

represent this decomposition.

10. The figure below shows the stages in the manufacture of sodium carbonate. Study
the diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
Filtration
Brine REACTION
CHAMBER 1
Solid V
Ammonia Liquid U

HEATING Carbon REACTION

LIMESTONE (IV) Oxide CHAMBER 2

REACTION
CHAMBER 3
Sodium

Calcium

a. (i) Name three starting materials in the manufacturer of sodium carbonate.

(ii) Which substances are recycled in this process?

(iii) Identify the chambers in which the recycled substances are regenerated.

(iv) Name the substances U and V.

(b) Give an equation for the reaction which occurs:

(i) In the reaction chamber 1

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 (ii) When solid V is heated.

(iii) In the reaction chamber 3.

(c) State one commercial use for Sodium carbonate.

11. The apparatus below was set-up to show the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. Study
the diagram and answer the questions that follow:-

Dry NH3 (g)

Hot nichrome
wire

(i) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place (1 mark)

(ii) Why is it necessary to have a hot nichrome wire in the gas jar? (1 mark)

(iii) Write the formula of the complex ion formed when excess ammonia gas
is passed through. a solution containing Zn2+ ions. (1 marks)

12. The diagram below is used in preparation of a gas in the laboratory. Answer the
questions that follow;

Gas X

Ammonium
nitrite Water
heat
Heat

i. Name gas X .
ii. State one physical property which makes it possible for the gas
to be collected as shown above.
iii. State one commercial use of gas X

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 13. The flow chart below illustrates two industrial processes, Haber process and the
Contact process:

a. (i) Give the name of the process by which air is separated into oxygen and
nitrogen
(ii) Apart from oxygen and nitrogen gases produced from process (a)(i) Name
one other gas produced
b. Name the substances represented by the letters A, B, C and E

c. Name the catalysts used in:

(i)Haber Process

(ii) Contact Process

(d) Explain the role of the catalysts in both the Haber and the Contact processes

(e) Write a chemical equation for the formation of compound B

(f) Calculate the percentage by mass of the nitrogen present in compound D

(g) Give one major use of compound E

14. The diagram below represents a set-up used to obtain nitrogen from air. Study it and
answer the questions that follow:-
Nitrogen gas

HEAT

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 (i) Name solid R
(ii) What is the purpose of sodium hydroxide?
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction which took place in tube “P”
(iv) Give the name of one impurity in the nitrogen gas obtained.
(v) Give a reason why liquid nitrogen is used for storage of semen for artificial
insemination.

(b) The set-up below was used to prepare nitric acid.

(i) Give the name of liquid ‘R’

(ii) Explain the following:-
(a) Nitric acid is stored in dark bottles
(b) The reaction between copper metal with 50% nitric acid in an open tube gives
brown fumes.

15. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions which follow:

Nitrogen Hydrogen
III Air
Liquid F

I Gas M

Ammonia II Catalyst P Absorption NO2+

Air (700oC) tower Air
IV

Nitric acid
(i) Give one source of the following raw materials;

(a) Nitrogen gas

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 (b) Hydrogen gas

(ii) State three conditions required in process I

(iii) Name: catalyst P…………………………………………………………………

Gas M…………………………………
(iv) Write chemical equations for;

(a) Formation of gas M.

(b) The reaction in the absorption tower.

(v) Give two reasons why step IV is necessary.

(vi) Describe how you would test if a given liquid is a nitrate.

(vii) Give three uses of nitric acid.

16. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions which follow:

AIR

Filter
Step I
Sodium hydroxide
solution
Step II
Cool to -25oC Step III Air compressed and
expanded
Step IV
Process X

O2 N2 Ar
-196oC -186oC

(a) Name another substance which can be used instead of sodium hydroxide

(b) What is the function of filters?

(c) Identify the substance removed at step III

(d) At what temperature does liquid oxygen distil?

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 (e) Identify process X

(f) Describe how process X occurs

(g) I. State one industrial use of Nitrogen

(II) Air is a mixture but not a compound. Give two reasons

17. The diagram below shows the extraction of sulphur by Frasch process.
A
B
C

Ground level
Sulphur beds

a) State the uses of pipes A, B and C.

b) Give two crystalliric allotropes of sulphur.

c) Write an equation for the combustion of sulphur.

d) Name the product formed when a mixture of sulphur and Iron is heated.

e) Give two uses of sulphur.

f) 6.0 dm3 of sulphur (IV) oxide were oxidized by oxygen to sulphur (VI) oxide.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction.

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of sulphur (IV) oxide and oxygen used at R.T.P.

(iii) Determine the volume of oxygen used.

(Molar volume of a gas at R.T.P. is 24.0 dm3)

18. The diagrams below represent two allotropes of Sulphur. Study them and answer the
question which follow:-

X
Y

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 (i) Name the two allotropes labelled X and Y.
(j) State 3 differences between allotrope X and Y.
(k) Explain why a piece of burning magnesium continues to burn in a gas jar
ofSulphur (IV) Oxide.

19. The set-up below was used to prepare dry sample of hydrogen sulphide gas

(a) (i) Complete the diagram to show how the gas was collected.

(ii) Identify the following:-

I. Solid H

II. Solid I

(iv) Write an equation for the reaction that occurred in the flask between
solid H and dilute Hydrochloric acid.

(b) When hydrogen sulphide gas was passed through a solution of Iron (III) chloride, the
following observations were made:-
(i) the colour of the solution changed from reddish-brown to green and
(ii) a yellow solid was deposited
Explain the observations.

(c) In the manufacture of Sulphuric (VI) acid by contact process sulphur (IV) oxide is
made to react with air to form sulphur (VI) oxide as shown:-
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) H = -196KJ
(i) Name the catalyst in this reaction

(ii) State and explain the effect of the following changes on the yield of sulphur (VI)
oxide.
I. Increasing the pressure

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 II. Using a catalyst

(iii) Explain why sulphur (VI) oxide gas is absorbed in concentrated sulphur (VI) acid
before dilution .

20. The scheme below represents the steps followed in the contact process. Study it and
answer the questions that follow:-

Solid A Air

Burner
SO2
Air

Purifier
Conc. H2SO4
Dry SO2 and air

SO3 Heat exchanger

Absorption Cooler
Tower
SO3
Oleum SO2
Air
Diluter
Catalytic
Conc. H2SO4 converter
(a) Name two possible identities of solid A

(b) Name one impurities removed by the purifier

(c) Why is it necessary to remove impurities?

(d) Write down the equation of the reaction taking place in the converter

(e) (I) Name the two catalysts that can be used in the converter

(II) What is the function of heat exchanger?

(f) Sulphuric (VI) Oxide is not dissolved directly into water? Explain

(g) (I) Name the main pollutant in the contact process.

(II) How can the pollution in (g) (I) above be controlled?

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 (h) Give one use of sulphuric (VI) acid.

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