†kªwY : cÂg welq : evsjv

ex‡ii i‡³ ¯^vaxb G †`k

cvV¨eB †_‡K eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
❑ mwVK DËiwU LvZvq †jL| wgj †KvbwU?
K `yRbB †Q‡j‡ejvq Lye `yišÍ wQ‡jb
1) evev gviv hvIqvi ci b~i †gvnv¤§` wK‡m †hvM L `yR‡biB bvUK, w_‡qUv‡i AvMÖn wQj
w`‡jb? M `yRbB wK‡kvi eq‡m evev-gv nvivb
K evsjv‡`k ivB‡dj‡m N `yRbB wQ‡jb j¨vÝ bv‡qK
L B÷ cvwK¯Ívb ivB‡dj‡m
13) exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd mybvg AR©b K‡ib−
M evsjv‡`k †bwf‡Z
K †gwkb-PvjK wn‡m‡e
N †KvbwUB bv
L gUi-PvjK wn‡m‡e
2) exi‡kªô gyw³‡hv×v b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL Gi Rb¥Ñ M Mvwo-PvjK wn‡m‡e
K 1936 mv‡ji 26G †deªæqvwi N RvnvR-PvjK wn‡m‡e
L 1938 mv‡ji 26G †deªæqvwi
14) gyÝx Ave`yi iDd †KvbwUi m`m¨ wQ‡jb?
M 1936 mv‡ji 26G Rvbyqvwi
K cywjk evwnbxi L †bŠevwnbxi
N 1937 mv‡ji 26G Rvbyqvwi
M BwcAvi-Gi N wewWAvi-Gi
3) gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Avµg‡Y cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i KqwU
w¯úW‡evU Wy‡e wM‡qwQj? 15) exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd †Kvb Zvwi‡L kwn`
K cuvPwU L AvUwU
nb?
K 26 G Ryb L 8B GwcÖj
M mvZwU N bqwU
M 1jv †g N 10B wW‡m¤^i
4) exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nqÑ
K ewikvj L ew·evRvi 16) cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨iv KqwU †gvUi jÂ
M †evW© evRvi N eywoNvU wb‡q gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvµgY K‡iwQj?
K `yBwU L PviwU
5) Lyjbv wkcBqv‡W©i Kv‡QB wPiwb`ªvq kvwqZ Av‡Qb M cvuPwU N mvZwU
exi gyw³‡hv×vÑ
K b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL L †gvnv¤§` iæûj Avgxb 17) ÔweGbGm cÙvÕ Kx?
K cvKevwnbxi hy×RvnvR
M gwZDi ingvb N †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj
L gyw³evwnbxi hy×RvnvR
6) b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li evev-gv KLb gviv †M‡jb? M cvKevwnbxi hy×wegvb
K wZwb hLb wkï wQ‡jb
N gyw³evwnbxi hy×wegvb
L wZwb hLb wK‡kvi wQ‡jb
M wZwb hLb gyw³hy‡× wQ‡jb
18) gyw³‡hv×viv wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ gsjv e›`i `L‡j
N wZwb kwn` nIqvi ci
wb‡qwQj?
K `yBwU hy×wegvb L `yBwU hy×RvnvR
7) †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡g KqRb gyw³‡hv×v Unj w`w”Q‡jb? M `kwU †gvUi j N mvZwU w¯úW‡evU
K `yBRb L wZbRb
M PviRb N cvuPRb 19) gyw³‡hv×v‡`i hy×Rvnv‡R †Kv_v †_‡K AvµgY
8) †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡gi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ †K Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj?
K hy×RvnvR L w¯úW‡evU
wQ‡jb? M †evgviæ wegvb N †nwjKÞvi
K bvbœy wgqv L iæûj Avwgb
M b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL N gyÝx Ave`yi iDd
20) exi‡kªô iæûj Avwgb Kxfv‡e knx` nb?
K b`x‡Z Wy‡e L †evgvi AvNv‡Z
9) cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv Kv‡`i mvnvh¨ wb‡q M cvKevwnbxi ¸wj‡Z
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i wN‡i †d‡jwQj? N ivRvKvi‡`i wbh©vZ‡b
K MÖvgevmxi L ivRvKvi‡`i
M Avje`i‡`i N cywjk‡`i
21) †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡gi A`~‡i cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i †Kvb
K¨v¤ú wQj?
10) ivRvKvi‡`i †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨? K eywoNvU K¨v¤ú L QywUcyi K¨v¤ú
K Zviv evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMÖvg K‡iwQj
M †evW© evRvi K¨v¤ú N †evqvjgvwi
L Zviv wQj gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mnKvix
K¨v¤ú
M Zviv gyw³hy‡× †Kv‡bv c‡ÿB wQj bv
N Zviv wQj cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡`i mn‡hvMx 22) bvbœy wgqv Kxfv‡e AvnZ n‡jb?
11) exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li Rb¥w`b †Kvb K ¸wjwe× n‡q
Zvwi‡L? L cvnvo †_‡K c‡o wM‡q
K 21G †deªæqvwi L 23G †deªæqvwi M †evgvi AvNv‡Z
M 1jv †g N 16B wW‡m¤^i N ivRvKvi‡`i wbh©vZ‡b
12) b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL I gyÝx Ave`yi iD‡di g‡a¨
cÂg welq : evsjv- ex‡ii i‡³ ¯^vaxb G †`k
23) †KvbwU exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li †KŠkj (K) †evgv cÖ¯‘ZKviK (L) †evgv
wQj? mieivnKvix
K GKv ¸wj Pvjv‡bv (M) †evgv wb‡ÿcK (N) †evgv Avwe®‹viK
L bvbœy wgqv‡K Kuv‡a †bIqv 31) Aby‡”Q‡` Kx m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q?
M evievi ¯’vb cwieZ©b Kiv (K) hy×RvnvR m¤ú‡K©
N †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡g Unj †`Iqv (L) GKRb exi‡kªôi AvZ¥Z¨vM m¤ú‡K©
24) b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li gv‡S Avgiv †KvbwU jÿ Kwi? (M) †`k‡`ªvnx‡`i m¤ú‡K©
(N) gsjv e›`i m¤ú‡K©
K ¯^v_©ciZv L `vbkxjZv
32) ÔmgvwaÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
M `ye©jZv N AvZ¥Z¨vM
25) †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y cvK‡mbv‡`i mvZwU w¯úW‡evU (K) ¯§„wZ (L) hyׇÿÎ
Wywe‡q w`‡Z mÿg nb gyw³‡hv×viv? (M) Kei (N) gvV
K HK¨e× AvµgY L fvix †gwkbMvb
33) gyÝx Ave`yi iDd Kxfv‡e kÎæ‡`i iæ‡L w`‡Z
M AwZwi³ m`m¨ N cÖPÊ e„wó
_vK‡jb?
(K) †gwkbMv‡bi ¸wj Qyu‡o
26) †evgvi AvNv‡Z exi‡kªô iæûj Avwg‡bi Kx D‡o (L) †MÖ‡bW wb‡ÿc K‡i
hvq? (M) gvB‡bi we‡ùviY NwU‡q
K Wvb nvZ L Wvb cv
(N) †evgv †g‡i
M euv nvZ N euv cv 34) hyׇÿÎ †_‡K gyw³‡hv×viv cvwj‡q hvbwb †Kb?
27) Ô`LjÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? (K) cvjv‡bvi iv¯Ív bv _vKvq
(K) wbh©vZb Kiv (L) AwaKvi Kiv (L) †`k‡cÖ‡gi Kvi‡Y
(M) ZK© Kiv (N) cwi®‹vi Kiv (M) Rq wbwðZ wQj e‡j
28) exi‡kªô iæûj Avwgb †Kv_vq kwn` nb? (N) cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i f‡q
(K) Lyjbvq (L) gsjvq
(M) XvKvq (N) h‡kv‡i 35) ÔwUjvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
29) gyw³‡hv×viv Lyjbvi w`‡K †a‡q AvmwQ‡jb †Kb? (K) †QvU cvnvo (L) eo cvnvo
(K) kÎæi nvZ †_‡K euvP‡Z (M) †QvU b`x (N) eo b`x
(L) RvnvR †bvOi Ki‡Z 36) Aby‡”Q`wU †_‡K Avgiv Kx m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf
(M) ivRvKvi-Avje`i‡`i ai‡Z Kwi?
(N) Lyjbv‡K kÎægy³ Ki‡Z (K) cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i aŸsmhÁ m¤ú‡K©
30) Ô†evgviæÕ k‡ãi A_©⎯ (L) exi kwn`‡`i †`k‡cÖg m¤ú‡K©
(M) gyw³hy‡× ivRvKvi‡`i f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K©
(N) gyw³‡hv×v‡`i eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K©
cvV¨eB †_‡K eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœi DËi
1. L B÷ cvwK¯Ívb ivB‡dj‡m 18) L `yBwU hy×RvnvR
2. K 1936 mv‡ji 26G †deªæqvwi 19) M †evgviæ wegvb
3. M mvZwU 20) N ivRvKvi‡`i wbh©vZ‡b
4. M †evW© evRvi 21) L QywUcyi K¨v¤ú
5. L †gvnv¤§` iæûj Avgxb 22) K ¸wjwe× n‡q
6) L wZwb hLb wK‡kvi wQ‡jb 23) M evievi ¯’vb cwieZ©b Kiv
7) N cvuPRb
24) N AvZ¥Z¨vM
8) M b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL
25) K HK¨e× AvµgY
9) L ivRvKvi‡`i
26) K Wvb nvZ
10) N Zviv wQj cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡`i mn‡hvMx
11) L 23G †deªæqvwi 27) (L) AwaKvi Kiv; 28) (K) Lyjbvq;
12) K `yRbB †Q‡j‡ejvq Lye `yišÍ wQ‡jb 29) (N) Lyjbv‡K kÎægy³ Ki‡Z;
13) K †gwkb-PvjK wn‡m‡e 30) (M) †evgv wb‡ÿcK;
14) M BwcAvi-Gi 31) (L) GKRb exi‡kªôi AvZ¥Z¨vM m¤ú‡K©
15) L 8B GwcÖj 32) (M) Kei; 33) (K) †gwkbMv‡bi ¸wj Qyu‡o;
16) K `yBwU 34) (L) †`k‡cÖ‡gi Kvi‡Y; 35) (K) †QvU cvnvo;
17) L gyw³evwnbxi hy×RvnvR
36) (L) exi kwn`‡`i †`k‡cÖg m¤ú‡K©|
cÂg welq : evsjv- ex‡ii i‡³ ¯^vaxb G †`k

cvV¨eB †_‡K cÖ‡kœi DËi wjLb

DËi : b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li bvUK, w_‡qUvi Avi
❑ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †jL| Mvb Kivi B”Qv wQj|
1) †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡g gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †bZv †K wQ‡jb?
12) b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li Rxeb e`‡j †Mj †Kb?
DËi : †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡g gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †bZv DËi : wK‡kvi eq‡m evev-gv‡K nvivb b~i
wQ‡jb exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL| †gvnv¤§` †kL| GiB d‡j e`‡j hvq Zuvi Rxeb|
2) †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡g gyw³‡hv×vMY Unj †`Iqvi mgq 13) †Kv_vq exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd AwšÍg kqv‡b
Kx N‡U? kvwqZ Av‡Qb?
DËi : †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡g gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Un‡ji DËi : ivOvgvwUi †evW© evRv‡ii Kv‡Q
mgq cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv Zvu‡`i Ae¯’vb †Ui †c‡q bvwbqvP‡ii wPswo Lv‡ji KvQvKvwQ exi‡kªô gyÝx
hvq| ivRvKvi‡`i mvnvh¨ wb‡q Zviv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Ave`yi iDd AwšÍg kqv‡b kvwqZ Av‡Qb|
wN‡i †dj‡j `yB c‡ÿ hy× †e‡a hvq| 14) †Kb b~i †gvnv¤§` eyS‡Z cvi‡jb Zuvi g„Zz¨
3) b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li †Q‡j‡ejvi cwiPq `vI| Avmbœ?
DËi : evev-gv‡qi GKgvÎ mšÍvb b~i †gvnv¤§` DËi : gU©v‡ii †Mvjvi AvNv‡Z b~i †gvnv¤§‡`i
†kL †Q‡j‡ejvq Lye Wvbwc‡U wQ‡jb| kL wQj cv P~Y- © weP~Y© n‡q hvq| ZvB wZwb eySv‡Z
bvUK, w_‡qUvi Avi Mv‡bi cÖwZ| wKš‘ wK‡kvi cvi‡ib Zvi g„Zz¨ Avmbœ|
eq‡m nVvr evev-gv‡K nvwi‡q Zuvi Rxeb e`‡j 15) gyÝx Avãyi iDd Kxfv‡e kwn` n‡jb?
hvq| DËi : gyÝx Avãyi iDd mv_x gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
4) b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL evievi wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb wbivc‡` m‡i †h‡Z e‡j nvjKv GKwU †gwkbMvb
cwieZ©b KiwQ‡jb †Kb? †_‡K ¸wj Qy‡o kÎæ‡`i iæ‡L w`‡Z jvM‡jb|
DËi : b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li evievi Ae¯’vb gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mw¤§wjZ Avµg‡bi gy‡L kÎæiv
cwieZ©b wQj hy‡×iB GKwU †KŠkj| Zuvi †Mvjv Qyo‡Z Qyo‡Z †cQ‡bi w`‡K cvjv‡Z _v‡K|
D‡Ïk¨ wQj GKRb bb eis A‡bK gyw³‡hv×v nVvr GKwU †Mvjv G‡m c‡o gyÝx Avãyi iD‡di
hy× Ki‡Qb- kÎæ‡`i G iKg aviYv †`Iqv| Ici| wZwb kwn` nb|
5) exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL KZ Zvwi‡L kwn` nb? 16) exi gyw³‡hv×v iæûj Avwgb‡K †Kv_vq mgvwnZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q?
DËi : exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL 1971 mv‡ji DËi: exi gyw³‡hv×v iæûj Avwgb‡K Lyjbv
5B †m‡Þ¤^i kwn` nb| wkcBqv‡W©i Kv‡QB mgvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6) exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL K‡e I †Kv_vq 17) RvnvR `ywU †Kv_vq hvw”Qj? Lyjbvi KvQvKvwQ
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? AvmvgvÎ Kx NUj?
DËi : exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL 1936 mv‡ji DËi : RvnvR `ywU gsjv †_‡K Lyjbv `L‡ji
26G †deªæqvwi bovB‡ji gwnl‡Lvjv MÖv‡g D‡Ï‡k¨ hvw”Qj|
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Lyjbvi KvQvKvwQ AvmvgvÎ GKUv †evgviæ wegvb
7) exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd K‡e, †Kv_vq Rb¥MÖnY †_‡K RvnvR `yywUi Ici †evgv †djv n‡jv|
K‡ib? 18) iæûj Avwgb cÖvY iÿv Ki‡Z Kx Ki‡jb? Gi
DËi : exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd 1943 mv‡ji ciI wZwb cÖvY iÿv Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv †Kb?
8B †g dwi`cyi †Rjvi †evqvjgvwi _vbvi DËi : iæûj Avwgb cÖvY iÿv Ki‡Z b`x‡Z Suvc
mvjvgZcyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †`b I muvZ‡i Zx‡i I‡Vb|Zx‡i D‡VI wZwb
cÖv‡Y euvP‡Z cvi‡jb bv| wek¦vmNvZK ivRvKviiv
8) gyÝx Ave`yi iDd †Q‡j‡ejvq †Kgb wQ‡jb? Zuv‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i|
DËi : gyÝx Ave`yi iDd †Q‡j‡ejvq Lye `yišÍ 19) exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd KZ Zvwi‡L kwn`
wQ‡jb| nb?
9) cvwK¯Ívwb †bŠ‡mbv‡`i Ici Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ DËi : exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd 1971 mv‡ji
gyw³‡hv×viv †Kv_vq Ae¯’vb wb‡qwQ‡jb? 8B GwcÖj kwn` nb|
DËi : cvwK¯Ívwb †bŠ‡mbv‡`i Ici Avµg‡Yi 20) gyw³‡hv×v‡`i g„Zz¨ AeavwiZ wQj †Kb?
Rb¨ gyw³‡hv×viv gnvjQwoi Kv‡Q eywoNvU DËi : gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †P‡q cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i msL¨v
GjvKvi wPswo Lv‡ji `yB cv‡k Ae¯’vb MÖnY A‡bK †ewk wQj| ZvQvov Zv‡`i mv‡_ wQj fvix
K‡iwQ‡jb| A¯¿k¯¿| G Kvi‡Y gyw³‡hv×v‡`i g„Zz¨ wQj
AeavwiZ|
10) exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd KZ Zvwi‡L kwn` nb? 21) exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd wb‡Ri exi‡Z¡i cwiPq
DËi : exi‡kªô gyÝx Ave`yi iDd 1971 mv‡ji †`b Kxfv‡e?
8B GwcÖj kwn` nb|
11) b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li Kx B”Qv wQj?
 cÂg welq : evsjv- ex‡ii i‡³ ¯^vaxb G †`k

DËi : gyÝx Ave`yi iDd cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡`i cÖwZ‡iva cÖwZc‡ÿi ¸wj‡Z AvnZ n‡j b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL
K‡i mn‡hv×v‡`i Rxeb iÿv K‡ib| wKš‘ wb‡R Zuv‡K GK nvZ w`‡q Kuv‡a Zz‡j wb‡q Ab¨ nvZ
kwn` Rb| Gfv‡e wZwb exi‡Z¡i cwiPq †`b| w`‡q ¸wj Qyo‡Z _v‡Kb| nVvr kÎæi †Mvjvi
22) b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL Kxfv‡e wb‡Ri Rxeb Zz”Q AvNv‡Z Zuvi cv P~Y©-weP~Y© n‡q †Mj| wZwb eyS‡Z
K‡i gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Rxeb euvwP‡q wQ‡jb? cvi‡jb g„Zz¨ Avmbœ| hZÿY m¤¢e ¸wj Pvjv‡Z
DËi : cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`viiv b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL I Pvjv‡Z wZwb kwn` n‡jb| Gfv‡eB mv_x
Zuvi mv_x gyw³‡hv×v‡`i wZb w`K †_‡K wN‡i gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Rxeb euvPv‡Z wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K
AvµgY Pvwj‡qwQj| gyw³‡hv×vivI cvëv Reve Zz”Q K‡ib b~i †gvnv¤§` †kL|
w`w”Q‡jb| GKch©v‡q gyw³‡hv×v bvbœy wgqv
cvV¨eB ewnf‚©Z †hvM¨ZvwfwËK cÖkœ
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †jL| DËi : 1) (M) gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`Iqvi; 2) (N) wU-
gyw³hy× hLb ïiæ nq exi‡kªô gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi ZLb 33; 3) (M) m + _; 4) (M) ˆegvwbK; 5) (L)
wQ‡jb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Kviv‡Kviv‡g| wm×všÍ wb‡jb exi‡kªô‡`i †`k‡cÖ‡gi K_v|
cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK evwnbx Z¨vM K‡i gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM ❑ wb‡P K‡qKwU kã I kãv_© †`Iqv n‡jv| Dchy³
†`‡eb| cwiKíbv Abyhvqx QywU wb‡jb K‡qK w`‡bi| kãwU w`‡q wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jvi k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki|
Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb I fvi‡Zi `yM©g cvnvwo kã A_©
GjvKv AwZµg K‡i †cuŠQvb fvi‡Z| fvi‡Zi gvj`n cwiKíbv †Kv‡bv KvR Kivi Av‡M Kxfv‡e Kiv
†Rjvi †gnw`cy‡i Aew¯’Z gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡jb| †`k
kÎægy³ nIqvi `yw`b Av‡M ex‡ii g‡Zv hy× K‡i kwn` n‡e Zv wVK K‡i †bIqv|
nb wZwb| Rvnv½x‡ii g‡ZvB fvebv wQj ˆegvwbK gwZDi `yM©g †hLv‡b hvIqv Kómva¨|
ingv‡bi| gyw³hy× hLb ïiæ nq, wZwb ZLb wQ‡jb weaŸ¯Í m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c webó|
cvwK¯Ívb wegvbevwnbxi d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U| wZwb wbqš¿Y cwiPvjbv|
†P‡qwQ‡jb cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K hy×wegvb wb‡q gyw³hy‡× †hvM
w`‡Z| 1971 mv‡ji 20†k AvM÷ KivwPi gvkiæi wemR©b Z¨vM|
wegvbNuvwU †_‡K wU-33 wegvb wb‡q cÖwkÿY ïiæ Ki‡jb cÖwkÿY nv‡Z Kj‡g wkÿv|
wZwb| mv‡_ cvwK¯Ívwb ˆegvwbK wgbnvR iwk`| wegvb K) ivweŸ gvgvi KvQ †_‡K mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bvi ⎯⎯
AvKv‡k IVvi ci wegv‡bi wbqš¿Y †bIqv wb‡q gwZD‡ii wb‡”Q|
mv‡_ wgbnv‡Ri a¯Ívaw¯Í nq| GKchv©‡q wegvbwU L) ⎯⎯ GjvKvq eb¨vi mgq ÎvY cvVv‡Z A‡bK
cvwK¯Ív‡bi _vÆvq weaŸ¯Í nq| Gfv‡eB †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖvY mgm¨v nq|
wemR©b †`b exi‡kªô gwZDi ingvb| 2006 mv‡j Zuvi M) evev Avgv‡`i cwievi ⎯⎯ K‡ib|
†`nve‡kl †`‡k wdwi‡q Avbv nq| ivóªxq gh©v`vq mgvwnZ N) Mi‡gi QywU‡Z MÖv‡g hvIqvi ⎯⎯ KiwQ|
Kiv nq XvKvi kwn` eyw×Rxex mgvwa¯’‡j| O) gv`vi †Z‡imv gvby‡li †mevq wb‡Ri myL ⎯⎯
❑ mwVK DËiwU DËic‡Î †jL| w`‡qwQ‡jb|
DËi : K) cÖwkÿY; L) `yM©g; M) wbqš¿Y; N)
1) exi‡kªô gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi wK‡mi wm×všÍ cwiKíbv; O) wemR©b|
†bb? ❑ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †jL|
(K) cvwK¯Ív‡b †_‡K hvIqvi K) gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi Kxfv‡e gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM
(L) ˆegvwbK nIqvi †`b? cuvPwU ev‡K¨ †jL|
(M) gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`Iqvi DËi : gyw³hy‡×i ïiæi w`‡K gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi
(N) wegvb wb‡q hy‡× hvIqvi wQ‡jb cvwK¯Ív‡b| wZwb cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiK evwnbx
2) gwZDi ingvb †h wegvbwU weaŸ¯Í n‡q kwn` nb Z¨vM K‡i evsjv‡`‡k cvwj‡q G‡m gyw³hy‡× †hvM
Zvi bvg Kx? †`Iqvi wm×všÍ †bb| KviY wZwb †`k‡K kÎægy³
(K) wm-1971 (L) wU-20 Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| cwiKíbv Abyhvqx QywU wb‡q
(M) wm-007 (N) wU-33 cvwK¯Ívb I fvi‡Zi `yM©g c_ cvwo w`‡q †cuŠQvb
3) ÔAew¯’ZÕ kãwUi hy³eY©wU †Kvb †Kvb eY© w`‡q fvi‡Zi gvj`n †Rjvq| †mLv‡b gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM
MwVZ? †`b Rvnv½xi|
(K) m + Z (L) m + n L) gwnDÏxb Rvnv½xi I gwZDi ingv‡bi g‡a¨ †h
(M) m + _ (N) m + ` wgj¸‡jv Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv cuvPwU ev‡K¨
4) ivwd‡bi eo fvBqv wegvb Pvjvb| ivwd‡bi eo †jL|
fvBqv †ckvq ⎯ DËi : gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi I gwZDi ingv‡bi g‡a¨
(K) j¨vÝ bv‡qK (L) ˆmwbK †h wgj¸‡jv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wb‡P cuvPwU ev‡K¨ D‡jøL
(M) ˆegvwbK (N) wegvbevjv Kiv n‡jv:
5) Aby‡”Q`wU‡Z Kx cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? 1) gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi I gwZDi ingvb `yR‡bB
(K) cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii K_v gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯Ív‡b Ae¯’vb
(L) exi‡kªô‡`i †`k‡cÖ‡gi K_v KiwQ‡jb|
(M) gyw³‡hv×v‡`i jovB‡qi eY©bv 2) `yR‡bB cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K cvwj‡q gyw³hy‡×
(N) cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K cvwj‡q Avmvi Dcvq Ask †bIqvi cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb|
cÂg welq : evsjv- ex‡ii i‡³ ¯^vaxb G †`k
3) `yR‡bB †`‡ki Rb¨ wb‡Ri Rxeb wemR©b N) Ô†`‡ki Rb¨ cÖvY wemR©b †`b exi‡kªô gwZDi
w`‡q‡Qb| ingvbÕ- K_vwU eywS‡q †jL|
4) `yR‡bB wQ‡jb gnvb †`k‡cÖwgK| DËi : †`‡ki cÖwZ Acwimxg fv‡jvevmv _vKvi
5) `yR‡bB wb‡R‡`i Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ¯^iƒc Kvi‡Y wb‡Ri cÖv‡Yi gvqv Z¨vM Ki‡Z wØav
Ôexi‡kªôÕ Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ n‡q‡Qb| K‡ibwb exi‡kªô gwZDi ingvb|
M) gwZDi ingvb m¤ú‡K© cuvPwU evK¨ †jL| gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯Ívb wegvbevwnbx‡Z
DËi : gwZDi ingvb m¤ú‡K© cuvPwU evK¨ wb‡P †jLv Kg©iZ wQ‡jb gwZDi ingvb| wKš‘ Zuvi g‡b
n‡jvÑ wQj †`kgvZ…Kv‡K kÎægy³ Kivi evmbv| ZvB
1) gwZDi ingvb wQ‡jb cvwK¯Ívb wegvbevwnbxi cvwK¯Ívb wegvbevwnbxi wU-33 bv‡gi GKwU
d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U| wegvb wb‡q Dovj †`b †`‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨| wKš‘
2) wZwb wQ‡jb GK gnvb †`k‡cÖwgK| cvwK¯Ívwb mn-ˆegvwbK wgbnvR iwk` Zuv‡K
3) cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wegvb wb‡q evsjv‡`‡k G‡m evav w`‡j a¯Ívaw¯Í ïiæ nq| GKmgq
gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| cvwK¯Ív‡bi _vÆvq wegvbwU weaŸ¯Í n‡j cÖvY
4) 2006 mv‡j gwZDi ingv‡bi †`nve‡kl nvivb gwZDi|
evsjv‡`‡k wdwi‡q Avbv nq|
5) gwZDi ingvb‡K Ôexi‡kªôÕ Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
hy³eY© wefvRb I ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM
❑ wb‡Pi hy³ eY©¸‡jv †Kvb †Kvb eY© wb‡q ˆZwi − iex›`ªbv‡_i QÙbvg fvbywmsn|
†f‡O †`LvI Ges cÖwZwU hy³eY© w`‡q GKwU K‡i ❑ wb‡Pi hy³ eY©¸‡jv †Kvb †Kvb eY© wb‡q ˆZwi †f‡O
kã MVb K‡i ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM †`LvI| †`LvI Ges cÖwZwU hy³eY© w`‡q GKwU K‡i kã MVb
K‡i ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM †`LvI|
Ë, ô, kª, Z¡, È, g„, Ù| ¤§, ×, Ä, ½, í|
DËi : DËi :
Ë = Z+Z − DËi ¤§ = g+g − m¤§vb
- gvgv DËi w`‡K †M‡jb - Avgiv ¸iæRb‡`i m¤§vb Kie|
ô = l+V − Abyôvb × = `+a − ï×
- ¯‹z‡j weRq w`e‡mi Abyôvb n‡”Q| - fyj evbvbwU ï× Ki|
kª = k + i-djv ( ª ) − kªveY Ä = T+R − gÄyi
- kªveY gv‡m Lye e„wó nq| - cÖavb wkÿK QywU gÄyi K‡i‡Qb|
Z¡ = Z + e-djv ( ^ ) − Z¡K ½ = O+M − g½jRbK
− dj †L‡j Z¡K fv‡jv fv‡jv| - wfUvwgb ÔGÕ †Pv‡Li Rb¨ g½jRbK|
È = Y+U − NÈv í = j+c − Mí
− NÈv co‡ZB m¨vi G‡jb|
g„ = g + F-Kvi ( „ ) − g„`y - `v`yi gy‡L Mí ïb‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M|
− Avgvi g„`y kxZ jvM‡Q|
Ù = ` + g-djv ( ¥ ) − QÙbvg
weivgwPý ewm‡q Aby‡”Q` cybtwjLb
❑ mwVK ¯’v‡b weivgwPý ewm‡q Aby‡”Q`wU Avevi
†jL| A‡bK gyw³‡hv×v hy× Ki‡QbÑkÎæ‡`i GiKg GKUv
†KŠkj wn‡m‡e evievi wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b aviYv †`Iqv|
Ki‡Z _vK‡jb wZwb D‡Ïk¨ GKRb bb A‡bK ❑ mwVK ¯’v‡b weivgwPý ewm‡q Aby‡”Q`wU Avevi †jL|
gyw³‡hv×v hy× Ki‡Qb kÎæ‡`i GiKg GKUv aviYv wKš‘ IB wK‡kvi eq‡m nVvr K‡i Zuvi evev gv gviv
†`Iqv †M‡jb e`‡j †M‡j Zuvi Rxeb †hvM w`‡jb BwcAvi G
DËi : †KŠkj wn‡m‡e evievi wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb A_©vr B÷ cvwK¯Ívb ivB‡djm G
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z _vK‡jb wZwb| D‡Ïk¨-GKRb bb, DËi : wKš‘ IB wK‡kvi eq‡m nVvr K‡i Zuvi
evev-gv gviv †M‡jb| e`‡j †Mj Zuvi Rxeb| †hvM w`‡jb
BwcAvi-G A_©vr B÷ cvwK¯Ívb ivB‡djm-G|
GKK_vq cÖKvk/wµqvc‡`i PwjZiƒc wjLb
❑ GKK_vq cÖKvk Ki| O) kÎæc‡ÿi †mbv|
K) gnr D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ whwb Rxeb †`b| DËi : K) kwn`; L) gyw³hy×; M) exi‡kªô; N) mvnmx;
L) gyw³i Rb¨ †h hy×| O) kÎæ‡mbv|
M) exi‡`i g‡a¨ †kªô whwb|
N) mvnm Av‡Q hvi| ❑ wµqvc‡`i PwjZ iƒc †jL|
cÂg welq : evsjv- ex‡ii i‡³ ¯^vaxb G †`k

nB‡jb, KwiqvwQ‡jb, wNwiqv, PvjvB‡Z, SuvcvBqv, PvjvB‡Z − Pvjv‡Z

Quywo‡Z, Avwm‡Z‡Qb, avBqv| SuvcvBqv − Suvwc‡q
DËi : wµqvc` PwjZ iƒc Quywo‡Z − Quyo‡Z
nB‡jb − n‡jb Avwm‡Z‡Qb − Avm‡Qb
KwiqvwQ‡jb − K‡iwQ‡jb avBqv − †a‡q
wNwiqv − wN‡i
wecixZ/mgv_©K kã wjLb
❑ wb‡Pi k㸇jvi wecixZ kã †jL| ❑ wb‡Pi k㸇jvi mgv_©K kã †jL|
evev, mybvg, kÎæ, hy×, gy³|
nvjKv, Kg, wcwQ‡q, †cQ‡b, m¤¢e, wbivc`, wbR, DËi : g~j kã mgv_©K kã
mnR| evev Ñ RbK, wcZv|
DËi : mybvg Ñ myL¨vwZ, hk|
g~j kã wecixZ kã g~j kã wecixZ kã kÎæ Ñ cÖwZcÿ, `ykgb|
nvjKv Ñ fvix m¤¢e Ñ Am¤¢e hy× Ñ msMÖvg, jovB|
Kg Ñ †ewk wbivc` Ñ Awbivc`
wcwQ‡q Ñ GwM‡q wbR Ñ ci gy³ Ñ eÜbnxb, ¯^vaxb|
†cQ‡b Ñ mvg‡b mnR Ñ KwVb