Comprehension Sample 27 Jan

(a) The Jain religion captivated Akbar and moved him to imbibe its principles
b) Earlier Attmmpts were made to Establish Mugal Emipre even since the time of Timur , Babur was
able to control west of the Khyber Pass however even he too was restricted . The firm ground on the
Indian Soil was set up only during the time of Akbar
c) Akbar started a new Religion called Din-a-llahi (or“the Religion of Divine Faith”) with an idea to
combine all religions into one umbrella
d) Akbar didn't renounce war on human beings because his throne came at a turbulent time . It was
like he restablished Mughal Empire which was lost during his Fathers time so he had to keep on the
Pressure against Power contentedors . Moreover had he given up the war policy it would had cost
him his own life as well
e) According to the Author the Statesmen of the Present Age Require Policy used by Ashoka which
shall be for the unity of Mankind which should Employ methods such as conversion and
compromise
Essay on The complex nature of India's Border Disputes and its Management

Intro :
India has huge border in land and coastal areas with many nations. Around 15000km land border, 7500km marine
border area, such a large area reveal itself complex challenges it poses to manage disputes. Border Issues can be
divided into territorial border issues with neighbours as well as complex Non state Actors which pose threats via
porous borders .

Temporal Scale:

Border is so complex thing, border disputes led to war, ethnic riots, world over. Border issues with many nations have
had a temporal flow to them Indian Border Disputes have majorly arisen because of Blunders committed historically
by British as well at the time of Partition by Rulers in having truce agreements, where it has shown authoritarian
attitude, and use of mighty force and imposed agreements. border issues with Pakistan, Nepal and China often come
up because of this

Pakistan Territorial Claims have arisen because of the failure to conduct a plebiscite post the Instrument of accession
The 1914 Shimla Accord defined the McMahon Line as the new boundary between British India and Tibet. By this
treaty Tibet relinquished some of its territories, including Tawang, to the British. But it was not recognised by China.
Even non territorial border issues like migration have largely been British plated like flow of immigrants’ dates back
to British policy of partision.

3rd Para What are the Issues : You have to include all neighbours : + Non Territorial Border Issues

Except Bhutan India has one or other border issues with all neighbours.

 With Pakistan..... sir Creek island Shaksgam Valley issue ,

 With China different interpretations of Mcmohanline so dispute over Aksai chin and Arunachal Pradesh
region,
 Border disputes with Nepal arise over Kalapani in Nepal,
 enclaves in Bangladesh and India and confusion over border demarcation between India and Bangladesh,
 with Myanmar issues due to free movement up to 15km for tribal culture .
 Marine border dispute with Sri Lanka over Kachchatheevu island becomes a conflict between indian and
srlankan fishermen .

Para 4 Why management a complex task

Border demarcation is not any easy thing. The LAC, in contrast to LOC, is only a concept – where the two forces
were there, when cease fire was declared and accepted, Line of Actual Control” (LAC) came in a bilateral agreement
in 1993, although there was no concrete settlement on ground positions between these two countries i.e. neither
delineated on a map nor demarcated on the ground. hence often the forces of both India and China have came over
scuffles
Many geographical constraints , besides static and economic reasons have also been bone of contention Changing
course of rivers, became a major hurdle in India Nepal relations, riverine Badlands and Solis becomes hiccups in
india, Bangladesh border settlement, even after land border agreement, still many issues due to difficult terrains. The
Srilankan issue is majorly an economical one and the as the Tamil fisherman community consider the cease over
Kachchatheevu Island a major loss of livelihood . Myanmar free Movement Area has becomes a epicentre for drugs,
arms smuggling because of the close lessness to Golden Triangle
5th para : What is Being Done

There are various Schemes in Place for Border Management

 BIM scheme Envisage in the creation of infrastructure such as border fence, border flood lights, technological
solutions, border roads and Border OutPosts (BOPs) and company operating bases to secure India's borders with
Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar.

 Vibrant Villages Programme: Border villages with sparse population, limited connectivity and infrastructure often
get left out from the development gains. Such villages on the northern border will be covered under the new
Vibrant Villages Programme, announced in the Budget 2022-23.

 The Border Area Development Programme: BADP was initiated in the border areas of the western region during
the Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90), for ensuring balanced development of border areas through development
of infrastructure and promotion of a sense of security among the border population.

 Smart Fencing in India (CIBMS): CIBMS involves deployment of a range of state-of-the-art surveillance
technologies — thermal imagers, infra-red and laser-based intruder alarms, aerostats for aerial surveillance,
unattended ground sensors that can help detect intrusion bids, radars, sonar systems to secure riverine borders,
fibre-optic sensors and a command and control system that shall receive data from all surveillance devices in real
time.

 BOLD-QIT (Border Electronically Dominated QRT Interception Technique) under CIBMS on the Indo-
Bangladesh border in Dhubri district of Assam is also being used.

Para 5 and Conclusion : write balanced

Effective border management can no longer be restricted to border security in the changing world.
Ensuring a seamless legal movement of people and trade across the borders, as well as curbing
illegal flow, is imperative. Opening borders is essential for economic growth, but risks of
insurgency, militancy, and smuggling of drugs and arms must be addressed with cooperation. This
can only be accomplished through proper planning and a three-pronged approach of people, process,
and technology.
Precis Sample 26 Jan

Precis Must Include

 Asceticism and its commonness
 The principal function of religion
 The typical quality of religious beliefs is absoluteness.
 Priests Double Function
 Writer wants to write about whom ?

In all religions people believe

that they can please gods
by abstaining from present pleasures
and comforts. Religions teach that
we are compensated in future
for the present abstinence. Religious
beliefs are held with absolute
faith in things which tend
to be worshipped by the
believer. All religions have priests
who fulfil a double function.
the first is to be
a mediator between God and
men and second is to
understand the mystery of Universe.
The Author also talks about
false prophets who claim to
have found God. These are
acting as Substitutes to real
Priests The Writer wishes to
expose these hypocrites
Essay on The complex nature of India's Border Disputes and its Management

Intro :
India has huge border in land and coastal areas with many nations. Around 15000km land border, 7500km marine
border area, such a large area reveal itself complex challenges it poses to manage disputes. Border Issues can be
divided into territorial border issues with neighbours as well as complex Non state Actors which pose threats via
porous borders .

Temporal Scale:

Border is so complex thing, border disputes led to war, ethnic riots, world over. Border issues with many nations have
had a temporal flow to them Indian Border Disputes have majorly arisen because of Blunders committed historically
by British as well at the time of Partition by Rulers in having truce agreements, where it has shown authoritarian
attitude, and use of mighty force and imposed agreements. border issues with Pakistan, Nepal and China often come
up because of this

Pakistan Territorial Claims have arisen because of the failure to conduct a plebiscite post the Instrument of accession
The 1914 Shimla Accord defined the McMahon Line as the new boundary between British India and Tibet. By this
treaty Tibet relinquished some of its territories, including Tawang, to the British. But it was not recognised by China.
Even non territorial border issues like migration have largely been British plated like flow of immigrants’ dates back
to British policy of partision.

3rd Para What are the Issues : You have to include all neighbours : + Non Territorial Border Issues

Except Bhutan India has one or other border issues with all neighbours.

 With Pakistan..... sir Creek island Shaksgam Valley issue ,

 With China different interpretations of Mcmohanline so dispute over Aksai chin and Arunachal Pradesh
region,
 Border disputes with Nepal arise over Kalapani in Nepal,
 enclaves in Bangladesh and India and confusion over border demarcation between India and Bangladesh,
 with Myanmar issues due to free movement up to 15km for tribal culture .
 Marine border dispute with Sri Lanka over Kachchatheevu island becomes a conflict between indian and
srlankan fishermen .

Para 4 Why management a complex task

Border demarcation is not any easy thing. The LAC, in contrast to LOC, is only a concept – where the two forces
were there, when cease fire was declared and accepted, Line of Actual Control” (LAC) came in a bilateral agreement
in 1993, although there was no concrete settlement on ground positions between these two countries i.e. neither
delineated on a map nor demarcated on the ground. hence often the forces of both India and China have came over
scuffles
Many geographical constraints , besides static and economic reasons have also been bone of contention Changing
course of rivers, became a major hurdle in India Nepal relations, riverine Badlands and Solis becomes hiccups in
india, Bangladesh border settlement, even after land border agreement, still many issues due to difficult terrains. The
Srilankan issue is majorly an economical one and the as the Tamil fisherman community consider the cease over
Kachchatheevu Island a major loss of livelihood . Myanmar free Movement Area has becomes a epicentre for drugs,
arms smuggling because of the close lessness to Golden Triangle
5th para : What is Being Done

There are various Schemes in Place for Border Management

 BIM scheme Envisage in the creation of infrastructure such as border fence, border flood lights, technological
solutions, border roads and Border OutPosts (BOPs) and company operating bases to secure India's borders with
Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar.

 Vibrant Villages Programme: Border villages with sparse population, limited connectivity and infrastructure often
get left out from the development gains. Such villages on the northern border will be covered under the new
Vibrant Villages Programme, announced in the Budget 2022-23.

 The Border Area Development Programme: BADP was initiated in the border areas of the western region during
the Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90), for ensuring balanced development of border areas through development
of infrastructure and promotion of a sense of security among the border population.

 Smart Fencing in India (CIBMS): CIBMS involves deployment of a range of state-of-the-art surveillance
technologies — thermal imagers, infra-red and laser-based intruder alarms, aerostats for aerial surveillance,
unattended ground sensors that can help detect intrusion bids, radars, sonar systems to secure riverine borders,
fibre-optic sensors and a command and control system that shall receive data from all surveillance devices in real
time.

 BOLD-QIT (Border Electronically Dominated QRT Interception Technique) under CIBMS on the Indo-
Bangladesh border in Dhubri district of Assam is also being used.

Para 5 and Conclusion : write balanced

Effective border management can no longer be restricted to border security in the changing world.
Ensuring a seamless legal movement of people and trade across the borders, as well as curbing
illegal flow, is imperative. Opening borders is essential for economic growth, but risks of
insurgency, militancy, and smuggling of drugs and arms must be addressed with cooperation. This
can only be accomplished through proper planning and a three-pronged approach of people, process,
and technology.
Arguemnt on Government renaming Old places is uncalled Governance

Intro : Over the years, several demands have been made, for reasons that could be either political or administrative, to
change the name od Places Allahabad and Faizabad are the recent additions to the growing list of places that have been
renamed. The Latest call is to rename Nawabo ka sheher ‘Lucknow’ to Lakshmanpur

In favour:

 Wasteful Governance [Economical] ---- large amount of the tax payer’s money is spent on changing signboards,
time and energy invested in bureaucratic, administrative and legal procedures, Maps, Satellite cartographic
changes etc

 Old Culture is Completely refurbished:[Cultural] changing name of a city can’t lead to the essence of culture it
carries Cities, streets and bazaars evolve their own identities with time. Eg—Allahbad which was recentlyt
changed to prayagraj overlooks memories of the city’s cultural identity that is linked to poets like Akbar
Allahabadi, even guavas (Allahabadi amrood).

 It tends to divide society on communal lines [Security] Eg---Mughalsarai junction now named after the RSS
member, Upadhyay- many voices in protest say that this is yet another apparent effort to “saffronise” the nation

 Political motivation is the primary cause for changing names of places . This can be detrimental to democracy

In Against

 Convinence to pronounce: The British stricly changed names because it was convinient to pronounce for them.

 The naming and renaming of places are not new in India or the world. In Africa, for instance, many countries
changed their names- Bechuanaland (Botswana), Southern Rhodesia restyled itself as Zimbabwe. The British, for
example, renamed Kochi to Cochin, derived the name Calcutta from Kolkata, Bangalore was originally known as
Benda Kaluru.

 Renew past which was somehow changed with time [Historial] --- It is not name change but restoration of original
name.-Prayag existed during the vedic period and is the location where brahma attended yajna. Ayodhya is
regarded as one of the most sacred cities of the Hindus with its association with Ramayana and the birth of lord
Ram

 Changing names also embraces the power of the soverign [Political] to create space between themselves and their
former colonial overlords.

Conclusion : Historical facts and popular belief are often not natural allies. Political parties should not use a popular belief as a
political stunt, making the situation worse. The government and civil society need to make sure that cultural landscapes contain
names, symbols, languages, and scripts that belong to all the different castes, religious communities, and other groups of the
country, so all Indians can genuinely feel at home in their homeland. Renaming places of inderest with all stakeholders consent
can be considered from time to time