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Module #03

Concrete technology by Pakistani professor

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Sajjad Ahmad
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6 views

Module #03

Concrete technology by Pakistani professor

Uploaded by

Sajjad Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Admixtures

INTRODUCTION

• Admixtures are ingredients other than basic ingredients


cement, water and aggregates that are added to concrete
batch immediately before or during mixing to modify one
or more of the specific properties of concrete in fresh and
hardened state.

• Added in small quantity either in powder or liquid form

• Combination is used when more than one property to be


altered.
PURPOSE
1. To modify fresh property
• Increase the workability without increasing the water cement ratio or
decrease the water content at the same workability.
• Retard or accelerate the time of initial setting.
• Reduce or prevent the settlement or create slight expansion.
• Modify the rate or capacity of bleeding.

2. To modify harden property


• Reduce the heat evolution.
• Accelerate the rate of strength development at early stages.
• Increase the durability
• Decrease the permeability of concrete.
Classification of admixtures

• Accelerating admixtures
• Retarding admixtures
• Air entraining admixtures
• Super plasticizers
• Mineral Admixtures
Accelerating admixtures
Accelerating admixtures are added to concrete to increase the
rate of early strength development

Why accelerators?
1. Permit earlier removal of formwork
2. Reduce the required period of curing
3. Advance the time that a structure can be placed in service
4. Partially compensate for the retarding effect of low
temperature during cold weather concreting
5. In the emergency repair work.
Retarding admixtures
A retarder is an admixture that slows down the chemical process
of hydration so that concrete remains plastic and workable for a
longer time than concrete without the retarder.
1. Retarders are used to overcome the accelerating effect of high
temperature on setting properties of concrete in hot weather
concreting.
2. Very useful when concrete has to be place in very difficult
conditions and delay may occur in transporting and placing.
Air Entraining Admixtures
• It is the intentional creation of tiny air bubbles in concrete.

• The bubbles are introduced into the concrete by the addition to


the mix of an air-entraining agent.

•The primary purpose of air entrainment is to increase the


durability of the hardened concrete, especially in climates
subject to freeze-thaw;
Super Plasticizers
• These are the modern type of water reducing admixtures,
basically a chemical or a mixture of chemicals that impart
higher workability to concrete.

• Three different purposes or a combination of these :


 To increase workability without changing the mix proportion.
 To reduce the mix water and W/C ratio in order to increase the
strength and improve the durability.
 To reduce both water and cement in order to reduce creep shrinkage
and thermal strains caused by heat of cement hydration.
Mineral Admixtures

• In finely divided form and in the presence of moisture,


Chemically react with calcium hydroxide liberated on
hydration, at ordinary temperature, to form compounds,
possessing cementitious properties.
They are also known as POZZOLANIC materials.
Why Mineral additives?
Improves many qualities of concrete, such as:
• Lower the heat of hydration and thermal shrinkage;
• Increase the water tightness;
• Reduce the alkali-aggregate reaction;
• Improve resistance to attack by sulphate
soils and sea water;
• Improve workability;
• Lower costs.
Types of mineral additives

Natural Pozzolans Artificial Pozzolans


• Clay and Shales • Fly ash

• Opalinc Cherts • Blast Furnace Slag

• Silica Fume
• Diatomaceous Earth
• Rice Husk ash
• Volcanic Tuffs and Pumicites.
• Metakaoline

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