International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 4, April - 2014

Transient Stability Analysis of Wind Turbine

Based Micro Grid using ETAP Software
Vijaya Rai Sumeet Sehrawat Kamlesh Pandey
M. Tech (Power System) Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Amity University, Noida, India Amity University, Noida, India Amity University, Noida, India

Abstract— As the wind energy is becoming most popular On the other hand, the integration of wind power may cause
renewable energy source, the increasing use of wind power in some additional problems in voltage and frequency
distribution system can greatly affect voltage stability of the regulation, reactive power compensation, power quality
system during transients and sudden change in load. There has (e.g., flicker and harmonics) and protection of the
been a tremendous increase in demand for the application of
distribution systems. Therefore, reactive power
doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) in wind power plants in
last four years. This paper demonstrates the issues of grid- loss compensations are very important to wind turbines. For
reduction of distribution systems which uses DFIG-WTs and reactive power compensation a shunt capacitor is connected
stability of system has been examined by doing some simulations in system model used for simulation.
using ETAP software. This paper uses available models of two
different turbine technologies: DFIG-wind turbine and
Synchronous generator. This paper investigates the stability of II. DOUBLE-FED INDUCTION GENERATOR AND
wind turbine interconnected to micro-grid under many SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
operational conditions.
The utilization of double-fed induction generators, DFIG, has
Keywords— Transient stability, doubly- fed induction generator become a feasible and efficient alternative for energy
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(DFIG), distribution systems, Synchronous wind generator, grid generation, once the primary energy source is not controlled.
loss reduction Its viability and efficiency is due to the converters capacity of
controlling the machine rotor field excitation, as shows
I. INTRODUCTION
Figure1. Other advantage of this kind of technology is the
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IN the recent years many countries have experienced a big reduction of converters costs, once its rated power is around
expansion at wind farms buildings as wind energy is a clean, 30% of the machine rated power [2]. The DFIG consists of
renewable and indigenous energy resource. The studies and a wound rotor induction generator and AC/DC/AC IGBT-
researches to determine the behaviour of a power system when based PWM converter. It is equipped with pitch control
connected with wind turbines, by transient disturbances that system.
may cause loss of generation stability, are among the main
factors responsible for the technical viability of implementing
this kind of technology.
Wind power capacity is annually added over
20% in recent five years because of its relatively low MWh
cost. Wind power could be combined with appropriate
reactive power compensations to improve the operational
voltage stability of the electricity distribution systems during
sudden load change. Some of the often-quoted benefits
include the following [1]:
1) Emergency backup during sustained utility outages.
2) Voltage support.
3) Grid loss reduction.
4) Improved utility system reliability.
5) Distribution capacity release.
6) Potential utility capacity addition deferrals.

Fig 1. Double-fed induction generator with converters.

Besides the DFIG another technology largely used is the

synchronous wind turbine. These synchronous generators are
connected by means of converters in series with the network,
in variable speed scheme, as shows Figure 2. The speed can be
varied by varying pitch control angle of rotor.

IJERTV3IS041712 www.ijert.org 1515

 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 4, April - 2014

III. SYSTEM MODEL

A single line diagram of the system used for simulation is
shown in figure 3 to investigate the stability of wind turbines
interconnected to micro grid during sudden short circuit event.
This system contains 13.8 kV, three feeder distribution sub
system which is connected to a large network through a 69 kV
radial line and substation transformer. Table 1 represent the
load parameters.
TABLE I
Feeder Loads and their Impedances

Maximum Power Equivalent

Fig 2. Scheme of synchronous wind turbine ( MW + MVA r) Impedence (ohm)

FEEDER 1 0.9 MW, 0.67 MVAr 146.62+ j98.00

With the recent development in power electronics, the 2.5 MW, 1.5 MVAr 93.26+ j62.38
DFIGWTs become very popular. Comparing to traditional
squirrel-cage induction generator wind turbines, the major FEEDER 2 3.6 MW, 2.3 MVAr 37.65+ j45.15
advantages of DFIG are that they can operate in a higher wind
speed range and produce or consume reactive power through FEEDER3 1.2 MW, 1.6 MVAr 123.64+ j114.02
the magnetization provided by the rotor-side converter. 1.4 MW 256
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Fig 3. System model

To maintain the voltage and frequency regulation the 13.8 linear loads (L1 to L4) is supplied through three radial
kV distribution sub-station is equipped with three- phase feeders of the subsystem. The system includes one DG unit
fixed shunt capacitor-bank. The grid is connected to (5 MVA) at feeder 1which is a synchronous machine and
another end of 69 kV, 1000 MVA short circuit capacity bus two turbines i.e., synchronous wind generator (5 MW) and
through a transformer. A combination of linear and non DFIG 2.5 MW) at feeder 2 and feeder 3 respectively.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 4, April - 2014

IV. METHODOLOGY AND SIMULATION

After building the system model in ETAP and choosing the
integration technique between the two turbines the
evaluation can be started by performing various
simulations. Later, these simulation results should be
compared for the coherency of results obtained by using
two different turbine schemes with micro grid.
A. Basic case studies with a single DFIG-WT connected to
test system
Short circuit is activated at bus 4 at time t = 0.2 sec and
cleared at time t = 0.3 sec. The simulations of 2 sec include
electromagnetic transients in the models, but saturation is
not included.
Fig 6.DFIG: Active Power (MW)

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Fig 4.Bus 4: Line-Ground Voltage (kV)

Fig 7.DFIG: Reactive Power (Mvar)
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B. Case studies with a single Synchronous- WT connected

to test system
Now synchronous wind turbine is connected to the micro
grid and short circuit event is defined on the bus 8 for time
t = 0.2 sec and cleared at t = 0.3 sec and simulation is run
for 2 sec. The simulation results obtained are very similar
to that of DFIG conneted system and are shown as below.
In this scheme the current variation is high in comparison
to voltage. The pre-fault voltage condition is kept to be
identical to that of case A. This is done by setting the
voltage reference for the excitation system and
compensating capacitor equal to the grid normal voltage at
the point of connection and voltage recover effectively.
Fig 5.Bus 4: Short-circuit Current (kA)

When fault occurs, there is a large variation in the voltage

during transients and positive sequence current transients
are also very high. However these variations cannot be
prevented but due to the combination of DG (synchronous
generator), it injects the maximum reactive power in the
system and voltage returns to its normal range. When the
fault occurs the reactive power is supplied by the DG unit.
The real and reactive power of main grid is not much
affected by the fault at bus 4 on observing figure 6 and 7.

Fig 8.Bus 8: Line-Ground Voltage (kV)

IJERTV3IS041712 www.ijert.org 1517

 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 4, April - 2014

V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Two assumptions are made in the given study model. First,

the study model of micro-grid is assumed to be balanced,
i.e., no single phase loads or unbalanced three phase loads
are considered. Secondly, the DG unit within the micro-
grid, do not exhibit any dynamic interactions [3]. It is seen in
figure 4 that the current transients caused by short circuit
are very high, but also very strongly damped. Another
observation is that the behaviour after the short circuit is
the same with pre fault values which shows that no
protection relays are tripped by the fast transients and long
term stability is not affected.
The result obtained by simulation showed that the
Fig 9.Bus 8: Short-circuit Current (kA) similarities of the results obtained by the two different
evaluation schemes indicate the validity of increase in
The capacity of wind turbine is 5 MW and wind speed transient stability of micro grid by the use of doubly fed
play a major role in this case. For simulation pupose the induction generator to compose the wind farm. The
wind speed can be varied between 8 m/s to12m/s. The wind implemented wind farm model can be easily extended to
speed is varied by varying pitch angle between 3.5 to 4.5 model other large wind farms which have been validated
mechanical degrees [4]. Again current variations are very for fault free operation.
high in first figure and voltage during transient event goes
to a very low value .The trends in reactive and real power ACKNOWLEDGMENT
is slightly different due to the wind turbine itself was We would like to thank Mr. Kamlesh Pandey, Assistant
supplying compensating VARs. Professor at Amity University for her help and technical
contribution to this paper. The help from the power system
simulation laboratory in ASET, Amity University is also
greatly appreciated.
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REFERENCES
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[1] F. Katiraei, M. R. Iravani and P. W. Lehn“Micro-Grid Autonomous

Operation During and Subsequent to Islanding Process”, IEEE
Transactions on Power delivery, 2005.
[2] Baohua Dong, Sohrab Asgarpoor and wei Qiao, “Voltage Analysis
of Distribution Systems with DFIG Wind Turbines ,” in 2009IEEE.
[3] J. T. De Oliveria, M. F. De Mederios Jr., and C. B. M. Oliveira,
“Development of Modules for Transient Stability Studies of Power
Systems with Wind Turbines in Different Simulation Platforms”
IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference2006.
[4] “IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial
Power System Analysis”, IEEE Std. 399-1997.

Fig 10.Synchronous Generator: Active Power (MW)

Fig 11.Synchronous Generator: Reactive Power (Mvar)

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