www.learnflylove.

com
Lesson 3(part 2) : 5 basic sentence patterns

Table of Contents

1. Subject + Verb + Object (pt. 2)

2. Subject + Verb + Complement
3. Subject + Verb + I.O. + D.O.
4. Subject + Verb + Obj. + Comple.
5. Pronunciation

All the contents in www.

learnflylove.com are protected under a
Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.
Please do not abuse, change or
commercially use without permission.
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object
Let’s make more sentences with the verb ‘like’.

subject verb object

English
1. 한국 = Korea
I like Korea 2. 한국사람 = Korean
: 한국(=Korea) + 사람(=man)
3. 김치 = Kimchi. Korean spicy
저는 한국을 좋아해요 cabbage
Korean
4. 음악 = music
subject object verb
5. 맥주 = beer
저는 한국사람을 좋아해요 6. 햄버거 = hamburger
저는 김치를 좋아해요 7. 영화 = movie
저는 음악을 좋아해요
저는 맥주를 좋아해요
저는 햄버거를 좋아해요
저는 영화를 좋아해요
■ word spacing tips
1. As English uses a space to separate words, Korean uses almost the same rule.
2. The obvious difference is not to separate particles from the words.
3. You don’t have to be perfect, because nobody is really perfect to this.
4. Just remember that it’s almost the same as English. That’s it!! You can make some errors from time to time.

www.learnflylove.com 2
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object
Let’s see more examples with verbs and change the tense.

subject verb object

English
I visit Korea every year 1. 한국 [noun]= Korea.
2. 방문 [noun]= a visit.
3. 매년 [adv. phra]= every year.
저는 매년 한국을 방문해요 4. 작년 [noun] = the year before
Korean
the current year.
subject object verb
5. 작년에 [adv. phra]= last year.
basic form → 방문하다
‘-에’ here is one of the
We added ‘every year’ because the present simple tense alone particles to indicate the point
sounds a bit weird without ‘adverbial phrase’ . of time. Read it and move on.
We will learn about this in
English I visited Korea Lesson 4.

Korean 저는 한국을 방문했어요 ← now you understand how it’s become like this?
Let’s put ‘last year’ in this sentence.
you can input ‘작년에’(last year)
English I visited Korea last year anywhere in the sentence, because
it’s like an adverb. But, the current
position we put here is the best
position. sounds more natural.
Korean 저는 작년에 한국을 방문했어요
www.learnflylove.com 3
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object
Koreans love to ask someone what they ate for the meal.

subject verb object 1. 먹어요 [verb] = eat

English
I eat bulgogi
2. 어제 [noun] = yesterday [adverb].
3. 불고기 [noun] = Bulgogi
Korean style (sliced and seasoned)
barbequed beef or pork with soy sauce or
저는 불고기를 먹어요 chili sauce.
Korean
subject object verb

basic form → 먹다
Let’s see how this sentence looks like with both present continuous and past tense.

English I am eating bulgogi

‘-고 있어요’ has been added to the
stem, ‘먹’, to make it present continuous.
Korean 저는 불고기를 먹고있어요

English I ate bulgogi yesterday

Korean 저는 어제 불고기를 먹었어요

www.learnflylove.com 4
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object
Let’s make a negative sentence. There are two way to make a negative sentence.

subject negative verb object

English
I don’t like Kimchi
1. Simply add ‘안’ (=not) in front of
the verb.

저는 김치를 안 좋아해요
Korean
subject object object verb

subject verb object negative

1. ‘좋아하’ is the stem of the verb
English
I like Kimchi not ‘좋아하다’
2. add ‘지’ at the end of the stem
and put ‘않아요’ which is the
저는 김치를 좋아하지 않아요 verb form of ‘not’ to end the
Korean sentence.
subject object object verb 3. ‘않아요’ sound the same as ‘안
basic form → 좋아하다 아요’ does. ‘ㅎ’ of the consonant
cluster is silence.
We use sometimes the first one and sometimes the second one. I would say the first one is more frequently used.
But, let’s learn it case by case later.
www.learnflylove.com 5
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object
Let’s see more example of the negative sentence.

subject negative verb object

English 1. 고기 [noun] = meat.
I don’t eat meat 2. This sentence sounds good with
both pre-negation or the post-
negation which means ‘안 먹어
저는 고기를 안 먹어요 요’ and ‘먹지 않아요’ sound
Korean
both good.
subject object object verb

subject verb object negative 1. This sentence sounds more natural

with the negative adverbial verb
English
I love you not ‘않아요’ which means the verb
‘사랑하다’ (=love)goes with
저는 당신을 사랑하지 않아요 ‘않아요’ more than ‘안’ (=not)
Korean in reality.
subject object object verb 2. tip : funny thing is if you say ‘안
사랑해요’, Korean people
basic form → 사랑하다 would totally understand what you
mean.
Unfortunately we can’t find any rule that which to use. Let’s learn it verb by verb.

www.learnflylove.com 6
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Complement
subject verb complement
1. 이에요 : In Korean, there is no
English verb acting exactly like ‘be’ verb in
I am a student English. That’s why we put the dotted
‘이에요’.
line between ‘am’ and

저는 학생 이에요 We would say ‘이에요’ used as a

Korean predicative part of the sentence.
subject complement verb Too difficult? just think that it’s used
to say that ‘the subject is that
■ grammar thing you indicate in the sentence.’
Let’s learn more about the predicative part ‘이에요’.
basic form→ 이다
1. 이에요 : is used when there is a final consonant in the former block.
2. 예요 : is the short version of ‘이에요’. It’s used when there is no final consonant in the former block.
When you say ‘이에요’ very fast, it actually sounds like ‘예요’.
Let’s take a look at the example below. 1. Some might say ‘이에요’ and ‘예
subject verb complement
요’ are adjectives. You can think of
it that way if you want. But, we don’t
English think those are adjectives.
This is a rose 2. Only ‘noun’ can be positioned before
‘이에요’ or ‘예요’, because
those are the predicative part to
이것은 장미 예요 indicate ‘the subject is actually that
Korean
thing.’
subject complement verb7 3. subject = complement

www.learnflylove.com 7
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Complement
Let’s see the sentence that has an ‘adjective’ as a complement.

subject verb complement 1. There is nothing which works like ‘be’

English verb in Korean.
she is pretty 2. Adjectives work like a verb when they
are used as a complement in Korean.
3. So, adjectives conjugate as verb do
그녀 는 예뻐요 when they are used as a predicate.
Korean 4. 예쁘어요 (X) → 예뻐요 (O)
subject adjective

In this sentence, the adjective ‘pretty’ is used as a predicate. basic form→ 예쁘다

subject verb complement 1. 여자 = woman

English 2. When the adjective ‘pretty’ modifies
she is a pretty woman the noun ‘woman’, it changes its
form like this ‘예쁜’.
3. ‘예쁜’ is a modifier and ‘여자’ is
그녀 는 예쁜 여자 예요 a noun. Therefore, the predicative
Korean
part ‘예요’ was used to complete
subject complement verb
the sentence on behalf of ‘be’ verb
because Korean sentences end with
In this sentence, the adjective ‘pretty’ is used as a modifier. a verb or an adjective normally.

www.learnflylove.com 8
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
Let’s learn the pattern #4 which is a little bit more complicated.
1. 그녀 = she or her. Koreans seldom
subject verb I. O. D. O. use the direct translation of ‘she’ or
‘he’ in reality though.
English
I gave her a gift 2. 선물 = [noun] a gift
3. You understand why ‘을’ is added
to the noun ‘gift’, don’t you. Because
저는 그녀에게 선물을 주었어요 it’s a direct object.
Korean
4. Then, where did ‘에게’ attached to
subject I. O. D. O. verb the indirect object come from?
basic form of the verb→ 주다 add honorific suffix ‘요’→ 주어요

subject verb D. O. p.p+I. O.

1. Even though you change the
English sentence pattern in English, the
I gave a gift to her order of the words in Korean
sentence doesn’t!
2. the particle ‘에게’ works like the
저는 그녀에게 선물을 주었어요 preposition ‘to’ in English. But, you
Korean
should add it to the indirect object
subject I. O. D. O. verb even though there is no preposition
‘to’ in the sentence.

Let’s learn more about the particle ‘에게’ on the next page.

www.learnflylove.com 9
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
I guess you have a big question mark in your mind for the particle ‘에게’.
It’s actually very hard to explain about the particle in Korean. Let us try though.

‘to’ or ‘toward’
에게

I a gift her

give
1. The boy is the one who’s taking an action and take a control of the object a ‘gift’. So, a ‘gift’ is a direct object.
2. The girl is the receiver. So, the object a ‘gift’ will move toward her because the boy is going to take an action.
3. What is the perception of the English word ‘to’ or ‘toward’ to you? It’s a direction.
4. Therefore, the particle ‘에게’ shows the direction that the object is moving to, and ‘에게’ also tells us that
the destination of the direct object is ‘her’. So, it tells us both the ‘direction’ and the ‘destination’.
5. ‘에게’ seems to be used only to living things such as humans or animals unless the object is personified.
Do you think you can understand this? : )

Then, let’s just say ‘에게’ is used to indicate the word as an indirect object for now.
When we meet this particle, let’s check it out how it’s used. : )

www.learnflylove.com 10
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
Koreans actually talk like this in reality.

subject verb I. O. D. O.
English 1. 한테 = [particle] you can use this
I gave her a gift
instead of ‘에게’. ‘에게’ and
‘한테’ are perfectly compatible
저는 그녀한테 선물을 주었어요 each other.
Korean
subject I. O. D. O. verb

basic form of the verb→ 주다 add honorific suffix ‘요’→ 주어요

subject verb D. O. p.p+I. O.

English
I gave a gift to her

저는 그녀한테 선물을 주었어요

Korean
subject I. O. D. O. verb

www.learnflylove.com 11
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement
It’s getting complicated more and more with all the particles and the changes in verbs.
But don’t give up!!! We will make it as easy as possible.

Subject + Verb Object + Objective Complement

the object is the objective complement

the subject is the one that does the ‘verb’.
or
the object in the sentence is actually the
subject of the objective complement

objective
subject verb object = complement
does
objective
object
Let’s take a look at the actual sentence. complement
does
subject verb object O. C. I guess it already gives you an
English
We call it a handphone headache.
We know it’s mostly the particle as
well as the verb.
Don’t try to understand it here.
우리는 그것을 핸드폰이라고 불러요 Let’s break it down on the next page.
Korean Koreans call a mobile phone a hand-
subject object O. C. verb
phone by the way. It’s Konglish.

www.learnflylove.com 12
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement
subject verb object O. C. 1. first of all, let’s get rid of all
English the particles. it looks much
We call it a handphone simpler now.
2. 우리 = we
우리 그것 핸드폰 불러요 3. 핸드폰 = mobile(or cell)
Korean phone
subject object O. C. verb 4. 불러요 (부르다) =
[verb] call
basic form→ 부르다
First of all, you need to take a look at the order of the words.

우리는 그것을 핸드폰이라고 불러요

1. subject comes first. 1. what’s the particle of 1. the particle 1. do you remember the
2. what’s the particle of the object. ‘을’ or ‘를’. ‘이라고’ is used verb ‘walk’? when the
the subject. ‘은’ or 2. there is a final basic form of the verb
when we want to
‘는’. consonant in the ‘걷다’ combines with
shows that the word in
3. there is no final former block. the honorific suffix
front of it is the thing
consonant in the therefore, ‘을’ should ‘요’, it becomes ‘걸어
we are mentioning now.
former block. be used. 요’.
2. ,or when you quote
therefore, ‘는’ should 2. Similar thing applies
what someone says or
be used. here too. So, the basic
something written as it
form ‘부르다’ becomes
is.
‘불러요’ instead of ‘부
르어요’.
Let’s take a look at the more examples on the next page.
www.learnflylove.com 13
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement
subject verb object O. C.
English
We call him John 1. 그 = he or him
2. Koreans seldom use ‘you’, ‘he’
or ‘she’. We will tell you more
natural way to say this in
우리는 그를 John이라고 불러요 Lesson 4.
Korean
subject object O. C. verb

subject verb object O. C. 1. 오빠 = this is how Korean

English girls call their older brothers
she calls me oppa
in their family. But, they use
this for their boyfriend too, or
some close guys who are
그녀는 저를 오빠라고 불러요 slightly, no more than 10 to
Korean 15 years, older than them.
subject object O. C. verb
2. 저 or 나 = I or me
We assume that you’ve already found out when to use ‘이라고’ and ‘라고’.

이라고 when there is a final consonant in the former block.

라고 when there is no final consonant in the former block.

www.learnflylove.com 14
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement
subject verb object O. C.
English 1. 공부하다 = study
I help her study
2. 도와주다 = [verb] help or
[phrase] give someone a help
저는 그녀가 공부하는 것을 도와주어요 도와주어요 (w/ suffix ‘요’)
Korean 3. 도와주어요 = 도와줘요
subject objective noun clause verb
you can shorten it.
basic form→ 도와주다
그녀가 1. ‘her’ is the object. why is the particle ‘를’ not used here?
2. In Korean, when a part of a sentence which has one subject and one verb at least is not the main
clause of the sentence, we use ‘이’ or ‘가’ to indicate the subject of that clause of the sentence.
3. the object ‘her’ works like a subject in Korean sentence because the complement is a verb ‘study’
here.
4. Use ‘가’ when there is no final consonant in the former block, Use ‘이’ when there is.

I help she studying

English
We don’t say like this in English, but this is the direct translation of the Korean sentence.

So, this whole ‘she studying’ part

저는 그녀가 공부하는 것을 도와주어요 becomes the object of the sentence.
Korean That’s why we add the particle ‘을’ at
subject object verb the end. Again, because it’s the object.

www.learnflylove.com 15
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement
English I help she studying

저는 그녀가 공부하는 것을 도와주어요

Korean
subject objective noun clause verb
Let’s break it down.
공부하는 것을

공부하 는 것을
1. this is the stem of the verb 1. this ‘는’ is totally different 1. ‘것’ indicates the action of
‘공부하다’. from the subject particle ‘는’. studying itself and make it a noun
form.
2. It is a kind of bridge that links
the stem of the verb and ‘것’
2. ‘것’ is used to convert the verb
which converts the verb into a ‘공부하다’ or the whole
noun form. clause ‘그녀가 공부하다’
to a noun form, because only
nouns or pronouns can be an
object in Korean sentence.
3. ‘을’ is, of course, used to show
that it’s the object of the entire
sentence.
www.learnflylove.com 16
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement
Does it still seem so complicated to you? Let us put it this way.
1. Let’s just write down the translation of each word without any particle.
subject verb object O. C.
English
I help her study

Korean 저 도와주다 그녀 공부하다

basic form of ‘help’ basic form of ‘study’
2. We move the verb to the end of the sentence because Korean sentence ends with a verb or an adjective.
3. Put the particle, that you already know, for the subject and change the verb form with the honorific suffix ‘요’.

subject verb object O. C.

English
I help her study

Korean 저는 그녀를 공부하다 도와주어요

4. What if there was no complement in the first place. You would’ve put the particle ‘를’ for the object ‘her’. Right?
But, we have a verb ‘study’ as a complement in this sentence.
subject verb object 5. In Korean, ‘her’ works like a subject
English of the sub-clause ‘her study’ and
I help her study ‘her study’ itself works like a object
she studies of the entire sentence.

www.learnflylove.com 17
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement

subject verb object

English
I help her study
she studies
I think she is an angel

main clause sub clause

5. Who helps here? ‘I’ help. Who studies? ‘she’ studies. This ‘her study’ part like a sub-clause which has a subject
and a verb in a Korean sentence.
e.g.) I think she is an angel. – you understand ‘she’ here is the subject of the sub-clause, don’t you.
6. In English, we say I help her study. But, In Korean, it’s more like ‘I help that she studies’ or ‘I help she studying’
7. It doesn’t make sense to English speakers, but the thing is, in Korean, you should think the entire ‘her study’ part
as an object, and an object should be a noun or a gerund form in Korean.

I help she studying

저는 도와주어요 그녀가 공부하는 것을

We already explained the rest of the
저는 그녀가 공부하는 것을 도와주어요 things on the last a couple of pages.

Now you almost get it? Then, let’s take a look at some other examples on the next page.
www.learnflylove.com 18
 5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement
Let’s just write down the translation of each word without any particle.
1. Everybody knows it’s her
subject verb object O. C. boyfriend. So, we got rid of
English the translation for ‘her’ from
She helped her boyfriend cook ‘her boyfriend’.
2. 남자친구[noun]=boyfriend
Korean 그녀 도와주다 남자친구 요리하다 3. 여자친구[noun]=girlfriend
basic form of ‘help’ basic form of ‘cook’ 남자 = man, 친구 = friend
남자+친구 = boyfriend
4. 요리하다 [verb] = cook
그녀는 남자친구 요리하다 도와주었어요 요리 [noun] = cooking
past form with the suffix 5. 도와주다→도와주어요
남자친구가 요리하 는 것을 put ‘었어요’ to make it
past tense.
the stem of the verb to make this a noun 도와주었어요
‘요리하다’ form.

Please don’t say ‘남자친구를 요리하다’. It means ‘cook your boyfriend’

English She helped her boyfriend cook

Korean 그녀는 남자친구가 요리하는 것을 도와주었어요

www.learnflylove.com 19
5 basic sentence patterns: Subject + Verb + Object + Objective Complement
Do you want to see another example?
1. 우리 = we
subject verb object O. C.
English 2. 보다 = [verb] see
We saw Amy dance
(or dancing)
보아요 (w/요) –
보았어요(past tense w/요)
Korean 우리 보다 Amy 춤추다 3. 춤추다 = [verb] dance
basic form of ‘see’ basic form of ‘dance’ the stem of the verb = ‘춤추’

First of all, move the verb to the end of the sentence and change the tense and the form.
English We saw Amy dance

Korean 우리는 보았어요

Allocate the sub-clause in the sentence and convert it into a noun form so that it can be an object of the sentence.

English We saw Amy dance

Korean 우리는 Amy가 춤추는 것을 보았어요

www.learnflylove.com 20
Pronunciation
Let’s see how the words we’ve learned in this lesson are pronounced in an actual conversation.
We call this the change in phoneme which means the sound of the words can be changed as you speak it in
the reality to make it easier to pronounce than it is written.

Spelling How it sounds actually

p.7 걸어요 (=walk) 거러요 when there is ‘ㅇ’ in initial of the latter block, the sound of the final in
the former block goes up to the initial of the latter block.

the final ‘ㄷ’ in the first block make the sound of the
p. 9 걷고 있어요(=be walking) 걷꼬 이써요 initial in the second block stronger.

p.18 좋아해요 (=like) 조아해요 the final ‘ㅎ’ tends to be silence.

p. 21 한국을 한구글 저는 한국을 좋아해요 저는 한구글 좋아해요

p. 23 저는 비빔밥을 먹고 있어요 저는 비빔바블 먹꼬 이써요

p. 25 저는 당신을 사랑하지 않아요 저는 당시늘 사랑하지 아나요

LET ME TELL YOU SOMETHING!!

It’s not like you have to remember all the actual sound.
You just need to read what is written. Don’t have to try to sound like native speakers from the beginning.
You will learn how to sound more naturally as time goes by. : )

www.learnflylove.com 21