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KWV%20 Functions - Notes

Maths study material (Meridian Rustenburg Secondary School)

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KWV EDUCATION

KWV FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATICS 12
CELL NO. : 082 672 7928

EMAIL : [email protected]

FACEBOOK P. : KWV EDUCATION

TWITTER : @KWVEDUCATION

INSTAGRAM : KWVEDUCATION

WHATSAPP GROUP : 081 072 7742

WEBSITE : www.kwv-education.co.za

WHERE TO START IN MATHS AND SCIENCE

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➢ INVERSE FUNCTIONS

KWV 01

Determine the inverse of each of the following;

1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥

2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3−𝑥
1
3. 𝑘(𝑥) = ( )𝑥
2

1
4. ℎ(𝑥) = ( )−𝑥
3

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = −3−𝑥

KWV 02

Determine the inverse of each of the following;

1. 𝑔(𝑥) = log 2 𝑥

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 −𝑥

3. 𝑠(𝑥) = − log 2 𝑥

4. 𝑧(𝑥) = log 1 𝑥
3

5. 𝑚(𝑥) = − log 1 𝑥
3

KWV 01

1. f(x) = x 2

2. b(x) = −2x 2
1
3. c(x) = 3 x 2

4. d(x) = √3x

1
5. w(x) = −√− 3 x

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➢ QUADRATIC INVERSE

KWV 1

Given h( x) = x 2

a. Sketch the graph of h

b. Determine the inverse of h in the form y = …..

c. Give a reason why the inverse of h is not a function.

d. Write down TWO ways in which you could restrict the domain and range of h so that

its inverse is a function?

e. Hence, sketch the two graphs of the function h −1 on separate sets of axes.

KWV 2

 27 
The graph of f ( x) = a x , where a > 0 and a ≠ 1, passes through the point  3;  .
 8 

a. Determine the value of a.

−1
b. Write down the equation of f in the form y = … .

c. Determine the value(s) of x for which f −1 ( x) = −1 .

−1
d. Sketch both graph of f and f on the same set of axis

e. If h( x) = f ( x − 5) , write down the domain of h.

f. Write down the range of 𝑓.

−1
g. Write down the range of f

h. Write down the domain of f

−1
i. Write down the domain of f

−1
j. Determine the equation of t if t ( x) = f (− x) .

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KWV 03

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KWV 4

𝑥
Sketched is the graph of𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑎 , the inverse of a restricted parabola. The point A(8 ;2) lies on the

graph of f

A(8 ; 2)

x
O

a. Determine the equation of f in the form y = …

−1
b. H Give the coordinates of the turning point of g(x) = f ( x + 3) − 1 .

−1
c. Hence, write down the equation of f in the form y = …

➢ THE LINEAR FUNCTION

KWV 00

Sketch the following graphs

a. x = 3 and y = −2 on the same set of axes.

b. 2y − 3x = 7 and its inverse on the same set of axes

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KWV 01

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KWV 02

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❖ Determining the equation

KWV 1

Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (–4, 2) and whose slope is 5

KWV 2

Find the equation of the line through the points (–2, 5) and (–6, 4)

KWV 3

Find the equation of a line that is parallel to 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 2 and that passes through

the point (2, 5).

KWV 4

Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 and that passes through

the point (–1, –1).

KWV 5

Determine whether the two lines are parallel, perpendicular or either:3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 6 and 6𝑥 −

10𝑦 = 7

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➢ HYPERBOLA FUNCTION

KWV 1

3
Consider the function f ( x) = − 2.
x −1

a. Write down the equations of the asymptotes of f.

b. Calculate the intercepts of the graph of f with the axes.

c. Sketch the graph of f .

d. Write down the range and the domain of 𝑓.

e. Write down the range of y = − f (x ).

f. Write down the range of 𝑦 = 2𝑓(𝑥).

g. Write down the domain of 𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥)

h. Write down the domain of 𝑦 = 𝑓(3𝑥)

i. Write down the range and the domain of 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 3) − 2.

j. Write down the new equation and asymptotes for the following:

i. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 2)

ii. 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 3

iii. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) − 3

iv. If 𝑓 is shifted 2 units to the right and 1 unit downwards

v. If 𝑓 is shifted 2 units to the left and 1 unit upwards.

k. Write down the new equations for the following

i. if 𝑓 reflected across x-axis

ii. If 𝑓 reflected across y-axis

−3
l. Describe, in words the transformation of 𝑓 to 𝑔 if 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 − 2

3
m. Describe, in words the transformation of 𝑓 to 𝑘 if 𝑘 = 𝑥−1 + 2

n. For which value(s) of 𝑥 will:

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i. 𝑓(𝑥) > 0

ii. 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0

iii. 𝑓 is decreasing

KWV 02

❖ Determining the equation

KWV 1

The graph of a hyperbola with equation y= f(x) has the following properties

✓ Domain: 𝑥𝜖𝑅, 𝑥 ≠ 5

✓ Range: 𝑦𝜖𝑅, 𝑦 ≠ 1

✓ Passes through the point (2; 0) .Determine f(x)

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KWV 02

KWV 3

5−𝑥
Given 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥−2

3
Show that the equation can be written as 𝑦 = 𝑥−2 − 1

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KWV 4

a
The diagram below shows the graph of f ( x) = + q . The lines x = –1 and y = 1 are the
x+ p

asymptotes of f . P ( −2 ; 4) is a point on f and T is the x–intercept of f.

P(─2 ; 4)

1
O x
─1

a. Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑝 and 𝑞.

b. Calculate the coordinates of 𝑇, the 𝑥 −intercept of 𝑓.

c. Determine the equation of symmetry for negative gradient.

d. Determine the equation of symmetry for positive gradient.

e. Determine the coordinates of 𝑘 if 𝑘 is a reflection of 𝑃 about the line 𝑑.

f. Write down the length of 𝑂𝑇.

g. Calculate the average gradient between 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 = −3

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KWV 05

KWV 06

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➢ PARABOLA GRAPH

KWV 1

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3

a. Rewrite f(x) in the form of 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞

b. Hence, write the coordinates of turning point

c. Write down the coordinate of the y-intercept of f

d. Determine the coordinates of the x –intercepts of f

e. Write the equation of axis of symmetry.

f. Hence, calculate the maximum value

g. Sketch the graph of y = f (x)

h. Write down the domain and range of f.

i. Determine the equation of k , the reflection of f in the y –axis.

j. Determine the equation of w , the reflection of f in the x –axis.

KWV 2

x
1
Given f ( x) = −( x + 2) + 6 and g ( x) =   + 1 .
2

2

Draw graphs of f and g on the same set of axes.

k. Determine the equation of k , the reflection of f in the y –axis.

l. Determine the equation of w , the reflection of f in the x –axis.

m. Determine the equation of l , the reflection of g in the x –axis.

n. Determine the equation of V , the reflection of g in the y–axis.

o. Write down the equation and the new asymptote of g , :

i. if g is translated one unit up.

ii. if g is translated two units up.

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i. if g is translated one unit left.

ii. if g is translated two units right.

iii. For 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥 − 5) + 3

p. Write down the equation and the new asymptote of 𝑓:

i. if 𝑓 is translated one unit up.

ii. if 𝑓 is translated two units up.

iii. if 𝑓 is translated one unit left.

iv. if 𝑓 is translated two units right.

iv. For 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 5) + 3

q. Write down the coordinates of the new turning point of 𝑓 for the following:

i. if 𝑓 is translated one unit up.

ii. if f is translated two units up.

iii. if f is translated one unit left.

iv. if f is translated two units right.

v. for 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 5) + 3

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❖ Determining the equation

KWV 01

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➢ DISTANCE

KWV 1

The sketch below represent the graphs 𝑝(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑘. The point S(2 ;4)

lies on the axis of symmetry of the graph p and on the line g. A is the turning point of the graph of p. The

graphs of p and g intersect at D and E. The y–intercepts of p and g are C and B respectively.

y
A

p
C
g

S(2 ; 4)

B
x
E O

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a. Show that k = 2, b = 4 and c = 12.

b. Determine the coordinates of A, the turning point of p.

c. Calculate the length of BC.

d. Calculate the length of OB.

e. Calculate the length of AS.

f. Determine the coordinates of D, the point of intersection of p and g.

g. For which value(s) of 𝑥 is (𝑥) > 𝑔(𝑥) ?

h. For which value(s) of 𝑥 is 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ 0?

𝑓(𝑥)
i. For which value(s) of x is > 0?
𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓′(𝑥)
j. For which value(s) of x is > 0?
𝑔′(𝑥)

k. Determine the equation of p in the form y = a( x − p ) 2 + q.

l. Write down the maximum value of t(x) if t(x) = 1 – p(x).

m. Solve for x if 𝑝(𝑥 2 − 2) = 0

n. Solve for x if 𝑝(𝑥 2 − 2) = 12

o. Determine 𝑔′

p. For which value(s) of 𝑥 is 𝑔(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔′(𝑥)

q. Show that the coordinates S(3;5) lies on the graph g?

r. Write down the of 𝑥 for which 𝑔(𝑥). 𝑝′(𝑥) ≥ 0.

s. Determine graphically the value(s) of 𝑘 for which:

i. −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 = 𝑘 has equal roots

ii. −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 = 𝑘 has non-real solutions

iii. −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 = 𝑘 has two real, unequal roots

iv. −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 = 𝑘 has two positive roots

v. −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has equal roots

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vi. −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has non-real solutions

vii. −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has two real, unequal roots

x. −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 = 𝑘 has two unequal solutions which differ in signs

KWV 02

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KWV 03

The sketch below shows the graphs of g ( x) = − x 2 + 2 x + 3 and h( x) = ax + q . The graphs

intersect at B and E. The graph of g intersects the x – axis at A and B and has a turning point

at C. The graph of h intersects the y – axis at D. The length of CD is 6 units.

a. Determine the coordinates of B and C.

b. Write down the coordinates of D.

c. Write down the values of a and q.

d. Determine the coordinates of E.

e. Determine the value(s) of x for which g ( x).g ( x)  0 .

f. Calculate the length of CD in terms of x

g. hence, the length of CD

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KWV 3

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KWV 04

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KWV 05
1
The graphs of 𝑔(𝑥) = −√−𝑥 ; and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 for 𝑥 < 0 are given.

a. Determine the coordinates of A, the point of intersection between f and g.

b. Determine the equation of 𝑔−1 .

c. Give the equation of the graph which is obtained when 𝑔(𝑥) is reflected in the line 𝑦 = −𝑥.

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KWV 06

The graph of g is defined by the equation(𝑥) = √𝑎𝑥 . The point (8; 4) lies on g.

a. Calculate the value of a.

b. If g(x) > 0, for what values of x will g be defined?

c. Determine the range of g.

d. Write down the equation of 𝑔−1 , the inverse of g, in the form y = ...

e. If ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4 is drawn, determine ALGEBRAICALLY the point(s) of intersection of

h and g.

f. Hence, or otherwise, determine the values of x for which 𝑔(𝑥) > ℎ(𝑥)

KWV 07

The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 is sketched below. The point P (– 6 ; – 8) lies on the graph of f.

a.

Calculate the value of a.

b. Determine the equation of 𝑓 −1 , in the form y = …

c. Write down the range of 𝑓 −1 .

d. Sketch the inverse of f

e. The graph of f is reflected across the line y = x and thereafter it is reflected across the x-

axis. Determine the equation of the new function in the form y = …

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➢ EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Kwv 1

x
Consider the function f ( x) =   .
1
3

a. Is f an increasing or decreasing function? Give a reason for your answer.

−1
b. Determine f ( x) in the form y = …

c. Sketch the graph of 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 −1 on the same set of axes

d. Write down the range and domain of 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 −1

e. Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥) − 5.

f. Write down the range of f(x) – 5.

g. Write down the domain of f(x) – 5.

h. Write down the new equation of 𝑓for 𝑡(𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)

i. Write down the new equation of 𝑓if 𝑓 is reflected across 𝑦 axis.

j. Describe the transformation from f to g if g ( x) = log 3 x .

k. Write down the new equation of 𝑞 if 𝑓 is reflected across:

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i. the line y= 0

ii. the line x = 0

l. Write down the new equation for ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 9 and then.

i. Write down the equation of asymptote

ii. Calculate the x intercept

iii. Calculate the y intercept

ii. Sketch the graph of h

iii. Write down the range of h

iv. Write down the domain of h

v. Write down the new equation of 𝑘(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥 + 2) + 1

vi. Write the new equation of ℎ if ℎ is shifted 6 units up.

vii. If 𝑘(𝑥) = 3ℎ(𝑥), write down an equation of the asymptote of 𝑘

viii. Calculate the average gradient of h between the points on the graph where

𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥 = 1

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KWV 02

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KWV 03

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❖ Determining the equation

Kwv 1

Determine the equation of 𝑓(𝑥)in the form 𝑦 = 3𝑥−𝑝 + 𝑞 , if A(1; 18) and the equation of the horizontal

line is 𝑦 = 9.

Kwv 2

The graph of an increasing exponential function with equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎. 𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑞 has the following properties:

• Range: y > -3

• The points (0; – 2) and (1; – 1) lie on the graph of f.

Determine the equation that defines f

KWV 03

KWV 04

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KWV3

The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 is sketched

y

alongside.

x
0

a. Give the coordinates of A.

b. Write down the equation of 𝑓 −1 in the form y = …

c. For which value(s) of x will 𝑓 −1 ≤ 0?

d. For which value(s) of x will 𝑓 −1 > 0?

e For which value(s) of x will 𝑓(𝑥) = 3?

f. For which value(s) of x will 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) > 3?

g. For which value(s) of x will 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 3?

h. Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥 − 1)

i. Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) + 3

j. Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 − 1)

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➢ LOGARITHM FUNCTION

Kwv 1

Given p ( x) = log 3 x

i. Write down the equation of p −1 , the inverse of p, in the form y = …

ii. Sketch the graphs of p and p −1 on the same system of axes. Show clearly all the

intercepts with the axes and at least one other point on each graph.

iii. Determine the values of x for which p ( x )  2

iv. Write down the x intercept of h if h(x) = p(–x).

v. Solve for x if log 3 (2 − 𝑥) = 2

KWV 02

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KWV 1

Sketched below is the graph of f(x) = −log 2 𝑥

a. Write down the domain of f.

b. Write down the equation of 𝑓 −1 in the form y = …

c. Write down the equation of the asymptote of 𝑓 −1 ,

d. Explain how, using the graph of f, you would sketch the graphs of:

i. g(x) = log 2 𝑥

ii. ℎ(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 − 5

e. Use the graph of f to solve for x where log 2 𝑥 < 3 .

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❖ Determining the equation

KWV 01

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