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UNIT 1: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD

PART 1: VOCABULARY
1. come across (phr v):
2. go over (phr v):
3. look up (phr v):
+ look at: + look for:
+ look forward to V-ing: + look after:
+ look away: + look back:
+ look back upon: + look out!
+ look in: + look into:
+ look on: + look over:
+ look up to sb: + look down on sb:
4. lyric (n):
5. method (n):
6. note down (phr v):
7. subtitle (n):
8. turn on (phr v):
9. belong (v):
+belong to someone:
+belong to something:
+belongings (n):
10. content (n):
+ be content with (a):
11. overseas (adj/adv):
12. worldwide (adj/adv):
13. double-check (v):
14. figure out (phr v):
15. make sure (idm):
16. attend (v)
+ attentive (a):
+ attention (n):
+ pay attention to:
17. clarify (v)
18. challenge (n)
(v) someone to something:
+ challenging (a)

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 EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1 Complete the sentences using the given words.

come across - go over - look it up – lyric – method - note down – subtitle - turn on

1. This programme will be broadcast with ____________.

2. I feel interested in the sound and the____________.
3. If you don't know what the word means, ____________ in a dictionary.
4. I always ____________ my notes just before I go into an exam.
5. I want to ____________ the television.
6. Please ____________ what I'm about to say.
7. If you ____________ something or someone, you find them or meet them by chance.
8. The usual ____________ of getting through the Amsterdam traffic is to cycle to your local railway
station and take the train.
EXERCISE 2. Complete the sentences using the given words.
belongs – career – contents – essential – foreign –
international – opportunity – overseas - worldwide - decisive
1. Climate was a ____________ factor in establishing where the tournament should be held.
2. I went to the bank to get some ____________ currency.
3. This book ____________ to my little brother.
4. Japan's crime rate is still low by ____________ standards.
5. He enjoyed a long and distinguished ____________ as a historian.
6. The company employs 28. 000 people ____________.
7. The local government is not able to provide ____________ services such as gas, water and electricity.
8. I'd like to take this____________ to thank my colleagues for their support.
9. The firm is expanding into____________ markets.
10. She hadn't read the letter and so was unaware of its ____________.
EXERCISE 3. Complete the sentences using the given words.
check out – double check– figure out – importance
make sure – attention – clearly - challenging
1. Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your ____________, please?
2. Please remember to leave your room key at reception when you ____________.
3. When you fill in the form, please write ____________ in black ink.
4. I think I locked the door but I'll go back and check just to ____________.
5. He resigned from the company in order to take a more ____________ job.
6. Can you____________ the answer to question 5?
7. I always ____________ to make sure I locked the door.
8. The health report stresses the ____________ of fresh food in a diet.
EXERCISE. 4 Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals

1. Make sure you don't forget any of your __________ when you leave. BELONG
2. Learning to ride a bike is __________ about balance. ESSENTIAL
3. The city attracts many __________ because of its cultural diversity. FOREIGN
4. The company operates __________, with offices in many countries. INTERNATIONAL
5. I'm feeling __________ about what to order from the menu. DECIDE
6. It's __________to eat a healthy diet and get regular exercise. IMPORTANCE
7. Please pay __________to the safety instructions before starting the experiment. ATTEND
8. Can you __________what you meant by that statement? CLEAR
9. Climbing a mountain can be a __________but rewarding experience. CHALLENGE

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10. I tend to be __________, so I always set reminders on my phone. FORGET
11. The recent renovations have brought significant __________ to the building. IMPROVE
12. It's easy to __________someone's intentions without clear communication. UNDERSTAND

PART 2: GRAMMAR
I. PHRASAL VERBS
Definition

1. Structures
a. Verb + Adverb/ preposition
Eg: get up, go through, write down, take after.

b. Verb + Adverb/ preposition + Adverb/ preposition:

Eg: look forward to, put up with, sit in for

2. Types of Phrasal verbs: 2 main types

2.1. Separable:

They've called the meeting off.

They've called off the meeting.
The meeting? They've called it off.
I'll pick you up from the station at 8 p.m.
I'll pick you up from the station at 8 p.m.

2.2. Non-separable:

Who looks after the baby when you're at

work?
Who looks after her when you're at work?
Who came up with that idea?
Can you hear that noise all the time? I don't
know how you put up with it.

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3. Popular phrasal verbs:

STT PHRASAL VERBS MEANING

1 ▪ Account for
2 ▪ Ask for
▪ Break down
▪ Break off with sb
3
▪ Break up
▪ Break into
4 ▪ Bring back
▪ Blow off
5
▪ Blow out
6 ▪ Catch up with sb
▪ Call for
7 ▪ Call at
▪ Call off
▪ Come across
8
▪ Come back
▪ Come in
▪ Come out
▪ Come up with
▪ Cut down
9
▪ Cut off
▪ Carry on
10
▪ Carry out
▪ Drop off
11
▪ Drop out
▪ Die of
12 ▪ Die for
▪ Die out
13 ▪ Do away with
▪ Fall behind
14 ▪ Fall down
▪ Fall off
▪ Fill in
15 ▪ Fill out
▪ Fill up

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 ▪ Get on/along with sb
▪ Get off (= hop off)
16
▪ Get out
▪ Get over
▪ Give away
17
▪ Give up
▪ Go across
▪ Go ahead
▪ Go along with
▪ Go away
▪ Go back
18
▪ Go by
▪ Go off
▪ Go on
▪ Go up
▪ Go down
19 ▪ Hold on
20 ▪ Hang out
▪ Keep up with
21 ▪ Keep off
▪ Keep on
▪ Look after
▪ Look down
▪ Look down on sb
22 ▪ Look up to
▪ Look for
▪ Look forward to+V-ing
▪ Look up
23 ▪ Lay sb off
24 ▪ Let down
25 ▪ Make up
26 ▪ Pass away
27 ▪ Pick up
▪ Put off
▪ Put on
28
▪ Put out
▪ Put up with sb
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 ▪ Take after = look like
29 ▪ Take away
▪ Take off
▪ Turn down
▪ Turn into
▪ Turn off
▪ Turn on
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▪ Turn out
▪ Turn over
▪ Turn up = show up =
arrive
▪ Try on
31
▪ Try out = test
▪ Tell against
32
▪ Tell off
33 ▪ See off
▪ Set off/out
34
▪ Set up
▪ Stay out
35
▪ Stay up
▪ Stand by
▪ Stand for
36 ▪ Stand up
▪ Stand up for
▪ Stand up to
37 ▪ Run out of
38 ▪ Watch out
39 ▪ Wear out
▪ Wipe away
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▪ Wipe out

EXERCISE 1. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences

Question 1: My big brother always ______ for me when my mom yelled at me.
A. stuck up B. stood up C. hooked up D. blocked up
Question 2: It is rumored that they are planning to ______ off more staff next month. I hope I’m not one of
them.
A. put B. call C. take D. lay
Question 3: All the seats in the theatre were ______weeks before the first performance.
A. sold on B. sold out C. sold off D. sold up
Question 4: Because of heavy rain, the game was put_________ for a few days.

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 A. up B. out C. off D. away
Question 5: You need more exercise, you should _________golf.
A. carry on B. take in C. take up D. carry out
Question 6: They managed to get _______________all their unwanted things at the jumble sale.
A. away with B. rid of C. out of D. even with
Question 7: He _______the tap but could get no water.
A. turned on B. turned off C. turned over D. turned out
Question 8: Candidates are requested to ______ the form to the admissions officer by July 25th.
A. fill out B. show up C. pass over D. hand in
Question 9: His wife is a terrible snob. She _______ almost all his friends because they are poor
A. looks up to B. looks forward to C. looks out on D. looks down on
Question 10: You go on ahead and then I’ll catch _______ you.
A. along with B. forward to C. up with D. on to
Question 11: David always _______ to my house after he had done his homework.
A. dropped off B. went on C. came over D. passed away
Question 12: He lost the race because he _______ petrol on the last lap.
A. got out of B. ran out of C. made out of D. put out of

EXERCISE 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s)in each of the following questions.
1. Did your son pass the university entrance examination?
A. make up B. get along C. go up D. get through
2. What may happen if John will not arrive in time?
A. go along B. count on C. keep away D. turn up
3. Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside.
A. calls on B. keeps off C. takes in D. goes up
4. They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic.
A. take up B. turn round C. put off D. do with
5. The small white flowers are my favorite. They give off a wonderful honey smell that scents the entire
garden.
A. release B. stop C. end D. melt
6. I couldn't make out what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent.
A. stand B. understand C. write D. interrupt
7. I'm sorry, I didn't mean to interrupt you. Please go on and finish what you were saying.
A. talk B. quit C. continue D. stop
8. The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it.
A. blowing B. watering C. preventing D. watching
9. Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
A. Look out B. Look up C. Look on D. Look after
10. Seastar Language School was established in 2010 in Nha Trang City by Mr. Dien Khanh.
A. come around B. set up C. made out D. put on
11. Within their home country, National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies assume the duties and
responsibilities of a national relief society.
A. take on B. get off C. go about D. put in
12. The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt.
A. put on B. went off C. got out D. kept up

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II. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES / PHRASES OF REASON
1. Structures

Adverbial clause of reason

He moved to London because his

girlfriend lives there.
Since she was sick, she couldn’t
attend the meeting.

Adverbial phrase of reason

Because of rush hour traffic, the roads

were congested.
I couldn’t go to class yesterday due to
my sickness.

2. How to change Adverbial clause of reason to Adverbial phrase of reason

EXERCISE 1: Complete the sentences with because or because of

1. The cricket match was cancelled ___________ the bad weather.
2. I was late ___________ the traffic was bad.
3. Mangoes grow well in India ___________the tropical climate.
4. ___________they are easy to set up and use, Chromebooks are very popular in schools.
5. Daniel prefers small farmers' markets to big supermarkets ___________the quality
and freshness of the vegetables
6. There's a policeman on the crossing near the school ___________it's a very busy road.
7. Robert bought a first-class train ticket ___________the extra space and comfort.
8. Richard travelled second-class ___________ it was cheaper.
9. My girlfriend lives in Amsterdam. I moved to Holland ___________her.
10. I sent the phone back to the shop ___________the screen was broken.

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EXERCISE 2: Rewrite the sentences connecting them with because in the middle or at the beginning.
1. Tommy doesn’t like school. The other children tease him.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Michael works hard. He needs to earn money.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Jennifer eats chocolate everyday. She likes it.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. All of the employees will have a party. It’s the boss’ birthday.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. I like butterflies. Why? They are pretty.
___________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of :
1. I failed the exam because I slept over.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
2. Because there was a wind, we are glad.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
3. Because the wind is strong, we can’t go jogging.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
4. Because she is very kind, we really like her.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
5. Because it is raining, I stayed at my house.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
6. Because Nam is tall, he can reach the book on the shelf.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
7. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
8. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn't go to school.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
9. His father asked him to stay at home because he was sick.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
10. Because there was an accident, I was late.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________

PART 3: READING COMPREHENSION

EXERCISE 1 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
English began as a west Germanic language (1) __________ was brought to England around 400
AD. Old English was the spoken and written language of England between 400 and 1100 AD. But Old
English was very different (2)__________ Modern English and only a few words can be easily recognized.
English from about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English. It was (3)__________ by French and Latin
in vocabulary and pronunciation. Modern English developed from the Middle English dialect of the East
Midlands and was influenced by the English used in London, where a printing press was (4)__________
up in 1476. The development of printing helped established standards of spelling (5) __________
grammar, but there was still a lot of variation.
Question 1: A. who B. where C. what D. which
Question 2: A.in B. from C. with D. about
Question 3: A. created B. adapted C. influenced D. spoken
Question 4: A. set B. checked C. looked D. brought
Question 5: A. because B. so C. but D. and
EXERCISE 2 Read the followingpassage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
WHAT MAKES A GOOD LANGUAGE LEARNER?
- Don't be afraid of making mistakes. Good language learners notice their mistakes and learn from
(1)__________.

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- Do group activities. A good language learner always (2)__________ for opportunities to have a talk with
other students.
- Make notes during every class. Notes help you to remember new language. Look (3)__________ your
notes when you do your homework.
- Use a dictionary. Good language learners often use dictionaries to (4) __________ words they don't
know. They also make their own vocabulary lists.
- Do extra practice. Test and improve your language, reading and listening skills with self-study material.
You can find a lot of this online.
- Enjoy learning. Watch a TV series or film, listen to songs, play video games or read books in the
language you are learning. It's never too (5) __________ to become a good language learner.
(Adapted from learnenglish.britishcouncil.org)
Question 1: A. her B. him C. you D. them
Question 2: A. look B. looks C. is looked D. are looked
Question 3: A. at B. forward C. about D. with
Question 4: A. look B. support C. lose D. check
Question 5: A. young B. late C. hot D. big
EXERCISE 3 Read the followingpassage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Becoming an independent language learner
In an educational context, the term ‘learner independence’ has gained increasing importance in recent
years. It is of particular (1) _______ to language learning and commonly refers to the way students
confidently control and organize their own language learning process. While some people seem to have an
almost (2) _______ flair for language, others have to rely on strategies to maximise their skills and learn a
foreign language more effectively. The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent
learner ultimately depends above all on taking responsibility for you own learning and being prepared to
take every opportunity available to you to learn. You also increase your chances of (3) _______ by
learning according to your own needs and interests, using all available resources. Research shows that
learners (4) _______ adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities
considerably and, (5) _______, are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.
Question 1: A. resemblance B. relevance C. acquaintance D. acceptance
Question 2: A. instinctive B. spiritual C. perceptive D. habitual
Question 3: A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
Question 4: A. who B. why C. where D. which
Question 5: A. because B. in contrast C. though D. as a result
EXERCISE 4 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Over the past 600 years. English has evolved from a language of few speakers to the dominant
language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having
combined many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the
1600s, English was for the most part, spoken only in England and had not expanded even as far Wales.
Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the course of the next two centuries. English began to missionary
work. Thus, small enclaves or English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world.
As these communities expanded, English gradually became the primary language of International business,
banking, and diplomacy.
Currently, about 80% of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in English: Two
thirds of the world's science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology,
advertising, media, international airport, and air traffic controllers. Today, there are more than 700 million
English users in the world and over half of these are non-native speakers, forming the largest number of
non-native users than any other language in the world.
Question 1: In the first paragraph, the word emerged is closest in meaning to
A. engaged B. stopped C. appeared D. happened
Question 2: Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?
A. Before 1600 B. Around 135 C. After 1600 D. In 1060
Question 3: The word it in the first paragraph refers to
A. language B. English C. communication D. technology
Question 4: In the first paragraph, the word grew is closest in meaning to
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A. raised B. widened C. changed D. developed
Question 5: According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the
world EXCEPT
A. the Norman invasion B. missionaries C. colonization D. slave trade
Question 6: What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The expansion of English as an international language
B. The me of English for science and technology
C. The French influence on the English language
D. The number of non-native users of English
Question 7: According to the passage, approximately how many non-native users of English are there in
the world today.
A. A quarter million B. 700 million C. 350 million D. Half a million
Question 8: What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Few people in the world speak English as their first language.
B. About 80% of information in the world is stored on computer systems isn’t in English.
C. None of the world's science writing is in English.
D. More than 350 million English users in the world are non-native speakers

EXERCISE 5: Read the passage carefully and decide whether the following statements are TRUE or
FALSE.
THE HARDEST LANGUAGE
People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because
there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant
as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only
relevant when learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native
speaker of Chinese, for example, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very
different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the
second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that
Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing
system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners.
However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning
writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the
circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner's
motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often
learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.
Question 1: The question of how hard a language is to learn is relevant to both first and second language
acquisition.
Question 2: Portuguese is definitely easier than Chinese.
Question 3: A Japanese speaker may well find the Chinese writing system easier than a speaker of a
European language.
Question 4: Motivation also play an important role in learning language.
EXERCISE 6 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Today, millions of people want to learn or improve their English but it seems difficult to find the
best method. Is it better to study in Britain or America or study in your own country?
The advantages of going to Britain seem obvious. Firstly, you will be able to listen to the language
all the time. You will be surrounded completely by the language wherever you go. Another advantage is
that you have to speak the language if you are with other people. At home, it is always possible to use your
mother tongue if you want to. However, the learning is slower.
On the other hand, there are also advantages to staying at home to study. You don’t have to make
big changes in your life. As well as this, it is also a lot cheaper than going to Britain. If you have a good
teacher, I think you can learn in a more concentrated way than being in Britain without going to a school.
So, in conclusion, I think that if you have enough time and enough money, the best choice is to
spend some time in the UK. This is simply not possible for most people, so being home is the only viable
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option. The most important thing to do in this situation is to maximize your opportunities: to speak only
English in class and try to use English whenever possible outside the class.

Question 1: What is probably the topic of the passage?

A. The best way to learn English.
B. English schools in England and America.
C. How people learn English.
D. Learning English in many countries.
Question 2: What is one of the advantages of going to Britain to learn English?
A. There are no people who know your language in Britain.
B. There are many good teachers of English there.
C. The language schools in the UK are always better.
D. You will have to use English all the time.
Question 3: What is one of the advantages of staying at home to learn English?
A. You can concentrate on English only.
B. You don’t have to work too hard to make money for your study.
C. You always have good teachers of English.
D. Your life can continue more or less as it was before.
Question 4: The word “viable” in the passage probably means _____________ .
A. careful B. possible C. understandable D. important
Question 5: People who don’t have a lot of time and money to learn English abroad should _______.
A. use English only when they have English classes
B. learn English in English classes
C. speak English as often as possible; in English class and even outside it
D. speak English less outside the class

PART 4. WRITING
Write a paragraph of about 150 words for this topic
Learning a foreign language is becoming popular. What are the reasons for this phenomenon? What
contributes to becoming a good language learner?

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