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Replay Attack Using HackRF

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Mohammed Ali
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39 views

Replay Attack Using HackRF

Uploaded by

Mohammed Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Step-by-Step Guide to Replay a Remote Operated Crane Signal

Using HackRF

Ali Mohammed

July 21, 2024

1 Introduction
This guide demonstrates the potential catastrophic effects of an OT cyber attack
on remote-operated machinery. The chosen tool for this demonstration is the Uni-
versal Radio Hacker (URH), selected for its simplicity and efficiency in capturing
and replaying radio frequencies. This exercise should only be carried out under
controlled conditions and for educational purposes.

2 Prerequisites
• HackRF One: A versatile SDR (Software Defined Radio) capable of trans-
mitting and receiving radio signals.

• Universal Radio Hacker (URH): Software for analyzing and replaying


captured signals.

• Frequency Knowledge: Understanding of legal and illegal bandwidths in


Saudi Arabia. Only use 433.92 MHz for this demonstration.

• HackRF Signal File: Provided on a flash drive.

3 Legal and Illegal Bandwidths in Saudi Arabia


Saudi Arabia has specific regulations on the usage of radio frequencies to prevent
interference with critical services. The 433.92 MHz band is commonly used for
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications and is generally considered
legal for low-power devices. Always ensure compliance with local regulations to
avoid legal issues.

4 Step-by-Step Guide
4.1 Setting Up Your Equipment
1. Install URH:

• Download and install the Universal Radio Hacker from the official web-
site.
• Ensure all necessary drivers for HackRF are installed.

2. Connect HackRF:

• Connect your HackRF to your computer via USB.


• Verify the connection by running basic tests provided in the URH.

4.2 Replaying the Signal


1. Launch URH:

• Open Universal Radio Hacker and navigate to the ’Replay’ tab.

2. Load Signal File:

1
• Insert the flash drive containing the HackRF signal file or locate the file
in the saved folder.
• Load the signal file into URH.
3. Configure Frequency:
• Set the transmission frequency to 433.92 MHz, the standard frequency
for many remote-operated devices.
4. Transmit Signal:
• Ensure no unauthorized personnel are near the crane.
• Press ’Play’ to transmit the signal and observe the crane’s response.

5 Other Software Options


While URH is the most user-friendly option for beginners, there are other tools
available for similar tasks:
• GNU Radio Companion:
– A graphical tool for creating signal flow graphs and generating flow-
graph source code.
– Highly flexible but has a steeper learning curve compared to URH.
• SDR# (SDRSharp):
– A popular SDR software for Windows, offering a range of plugins for
various functionalities.
– Requires some technical knowledge for advanced operations.
• GQRX:
– An open-source software defined radio receiver powered by GNU Radio
and Qt.
– Suitable for Linux and macOS users, offering a balance between usabil-
ity and functionality.

6 Consequences of OT Cyber Attacks


The demonstration highlights the severe implications of unauthorized signal replay
attacks. In real-world scenarios, such attacks could lead to:
• Operational Disruptions: Halting critical operations and causing signifi-
cant downtime.
• Safety Hazards: Risk of injury or damage to equipment and personnel.
• Financial Losses: Costs associated with repair, replacement, and potential
legal liabilities.
• Reputational Damage: Loss of trust and credibility among clients and
stakeholders.

7 Additional Resources
HackRF One Documentation
Universal Radio Hacker GitHub
GNU Radio Companion
SDR# (SDRSharp)

8 Disclaimer
This guide is for educational purposes only. The procedures outlined here should
be conducted in a controlled environment with appropriate safety measures. Unau-
thorized use of radio frequencies and replay attacks can lead to legal consequences.
Always adhere to local regulations and obtain necessary permissions before con-
ducting any radio frequency experiments.

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