NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IGC1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management

Open Book Examination

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0021-ENG-OBE-V1 Nov22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

Task 1: Accident investigation

Question 1 (a)
The health and safety advisor took the interview with the purpose to know out the cause
of the accident, some of the positive aspects of the interview were
Positive Aspects of the Interviews:
 During the interview session, the health and safety advisor assigned a
separate private room for meeting with the aim to avoid any disturbance
while conducting the interviews

 As an aftermath of the accident, the interviewers were in shocked and in

order to mitigate the shock, break between interviews were so that the
interviewer may feel relax and give proper answers

 The health and safety advisor conducted separate interviews with the
workers and tried to draw as much as information as possible, also he
stored the response separately

 With the aim to make the interviewers more at ease, the health and safety
advisor gently told the interviewers that the purpose is not to blame
anyone but it is for the sole purpose to find out reals facts so that the
incident is not repeated

 The health and safety advisor was also so keen in gathering and
extracting information and substituting relevant information from the
interviewers in order to know the actual cause of the accident

 The health and safety advisor also maintained a record of the interviews
for which he kept written record in custody
Lastly, the interviewers agreed to their statements and signed off the document of the
information provided before closing of interview

Question 1 (b)
Right after the accident, the health and safety advisor initiated an accident investigation
and the below information was collected;
Accident Site Information:
1. At first glance, a broken ladder was observed at the accident site that was
used by the facility supervisor for climbing the roof

2. At the top of the roof, brooms and broken stick were also found that was
used for the purpose to collect garbage and fallen leaves

3. At the accident site, a bag full of collected leaves was also observed in the
parking driveway area which indicated that the bag has fallen off with the
supervisor

4. Upon inspection of job request sheet, it was found out the broken ladder
replacement with a new one was made several time and also the

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0021-ENG-OBE-V1 Nov22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 requested job sheet had no discussion regarding gutter cleaning

5. Upon checking the entire documentation it was found out the safety was
not followed and was violated in the discipline of work at height training,
permit to work and risk assessment

Task 2: Managing workplace health and safety

Question 2 (a)
Based upon the scenario, following are some of the un-insured cost that will be on the
school.
Un-insured Costs:
1. First and foremost un-insured cost is the pay to the injured work
supervisor. The school management will pay him salary during his injury
period and that cost will be on the school

2. Secondly, precious time will be lost by carrying out incident investigations

as all the workers that were involved or are witnesses to the accident
would be inquired.

3. He was the only active facility supervisor of the school, during his
absence a lot of work would remain pending and will be only completed
once he joins back. This is also an un-insured cost that would be in the
school

4. The productivity of the workers would also be reduced during their

absence of the supervisor and along the factor of psychological pressure

5. To compensate the absence of the facility supervisor, overtime of the rest

of the workers would be allotted, the cost of which will be on the school

6. Accident occurrences also creates a bad morale in the market. Word will
get out upon the accident of the supervisor and their business would be
affected in a number of ways

7. Due to the poor health and safety condition and absence of health and
safety frame work, the labor department may fine the school for their
negligence

8. The school may also hire another temporary supervisor for the facility, the
cost of that will also be on school.

Question 2 (b)
Based upon the ILO recommendations, the employer has violated a number of
obligations:
Violations made as per ILO Recommendation R164:
1. As per the ILO recommendation, it is the duty of the employer to provide safe
work instructions for the purpose to carry out the task safety. The opposite was
observed in the scenario where no instruction regarding health and safety
compliance was given

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0021-ENG-OBE-V1 Nov22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 2. Based upon the ILO recommendations, it is a moral and legal duty of the
employer to provide a safe working place for the workers. However the scenario
shows otherwise, poor condition of building was evident along with leakages in
the roof.

3. As per the ILO recommendations, the workers cannot be forced to work beyond
working hours and when they are exhausted or tired. However it was observed In
the scenario that the facility supervisor was working beyond working hours with
minimum breaks to meet the deadlines

4. The management is also legally bound to provide safe working condition and
environment before executing a task but in the scenario it was observed that a
broken ladder was used to climb the roof which is a direct violation of ILO
recommendations

5. Supervision is a key task during the execution of an activity, but the supervisor
was doing the job all alone and that too on weekends

6. It was also evident from the scenario, that no health and safety trainings was
provided to the workers such as work at height training should have been
provided

7. The work burden was also severe on the facility supervisor as form the scenario it
can be deduced that the facilities team was overburdened due to lack of
employees and staff

Task 3: Safety culture

Question 3
Negative health and safety culture that has been observed at the school are described
as:
Negative Health & Safety Culture:
1. The first point that was observed In the scenario was the absence of the
leadership commitment as the health and safety supervisor was finance director
and was responsible for safety matters

2. The finance director had an objective to reduce the cost of the day to day
activities, due to which he planned and was pressurized to cut down the cost of
safety trainings

3. Due to poor safety culture and work load turnover of the workers was quite high,
this is also a negative indicator of the organization

4. The workers were not guided regarding of how to carryout tasks safely and safety
in mind. No training record was found while investigating the accident

5. Poor housekeeping was observed in the scenario, as due to lack of space the
stationary boxes were stored in the corridors, which is a source of slip and trip
hazard

6. Complaints of the workers were left unaddressed, as a number of complaints

have been raised by the workers regrading various faults but all in vain. This also
shows a negative health and safety culture

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 7. During the task of renovation the health and safety was neglected and the budget
for safety trainings and other important components were reduced

8. Another negative indicator was the lack of interest from the management side,
who were repeatedly informed about the ill health and safety practices

9. No health and safety policy was formulated, no health and safety inspection were
made due to which the safety aspect was overlooked

10. A number of near misses have been reported by the slip and trip hazard due to
the leakages of water from roof but no action was taken

11. Due to over burden of work , work was carried out on weekends without
supervision and without safe tools such as proper ladder instead of broken ladder

12. The worker had complained a number of times for the rectification of the broken
ladder but no action was taken such attitude shows a negative culture of health
and safety

13. After accident, when job request sheet was checked, it was found out that there
was no reference of gutter cleaning and a number of tasks were also pending

14. Outdated health and safety policy was in placed at the school, as the date on the
current health and safety policy was 3 years old. This shows the attitude of
management towards safety

15. Poor working conditions, poor condition of class rooms and poor condition of tools
were reported a number of times but no action was taken

16. Poor safety culture was also observed from the fact that no permit to work system
was in place and no job relevant risk assessments were performed before
initiation of an activity

17. Risk assessment was not carried out and the workers were not informed timely
about a job such as inspection of job request sheet revealed the gutter cleaning
activity.

18. Leakage in the room was informed by a number of times but no action was taken
to rectify the issue and has caused a number of near misses

19. Lack of staff, over burden of work and poor health and safety culture followed by
the cost reduction of safety budget in one of the prime indicator of poor health and
safety culture

20. These all factors have collectively contributed to the poor health and safety
culture of the school that ultimately led into the accident

Task 4: Policy review

Question 4
Following are the given reason based upon which the policy of health and safety shall be
reviewed;
Revision of Heath and Safety Policy:
1. As per the ISO 45001, the health and safety policy shall be reviewed after

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0021-ENG-OBE-V1 Nov22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 changes in the policy or else it shall be reviewed after 6 months.

2. The health and safety policy was outdated due to which an accident has taken
place, after occurrence of an accident the policy revision becomes mandatory

3. The policy shall also be deemed for review when changes in process or work
force take place, in the scenario, the school has expanded its buildings and has
inducted new students. This compels the school to review its HSE policy

4. For the sake of improvement, the health and safety policy shall be reviewed as
the existing condition of the school is very poor and is unsafe for workers to work
in

5. Due to the recent covid 19 pandemic, the school has changed its way of working.
To address the new way of working and facilitation of students, the health and
safety policy shall be reviewed

6. The policy shall be reviewed by an expert of health and safety as the finance
director has no command over health and safety related concerns. Review from
an expert would lead to formulation of a robust policy

7. To meet the legal requirements and the legislation imposed on the school in the
recent years, the health and safety policy shall be reviewed to meet those
requirements

8. The policy shall address the concerns of providing trainings related to job specific
needs and other safety information for promoting safe working environment for
the workers as well as students

9. Staff turn over is sky rocketed and the management shall address that concern in
the health and safety policy

10. The policy shall also be reviewed for the purpose that no complaints were closed
and addressed by the management, in the policy a frame work shall be
established to addressed the health and safety concerns

11. Review of health and safety policy is also required in the domain of extension in
the school, as temporary class rooms have been built but they are of very poor
quality and can be a source of accident. So this concern may also be addressed
in the health and safety policy

12. The policy shall also include a designated mechanism for reporting of hazard.
Such as leakages in the ceiling and trip hazard in the corridor.

13. The policy shall also address and fix a hierarchy of communication and control for
reporting of hazard. Such as if a hazard is observed, it will be reported to the
manager of the facility and he will tend to close it in a week or so

14. Health and safety inspection must be made mandatory in the policy and surprise
visit shall be addressed

15. The policy shall also fix a specific amount for health and safety and that amount
shall only be spent on the health and safety only

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0021-ENG-OBE-V1 Nov22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 16. The policy shall also address the formulation of work instructions, SOPs, risk
assessment and permit to work system for safety compliance
17. Key performance indicators, and smart objectives shall be assigned to the health
and safety department for performance enhancing. This shall also be addressed
in the health and safety policy

Task 5: Assessing the application of risk assessment

Question 5 (a)
From the scenario, it has been deduced that the following workers must be considered
while doing assessment of work place;
Workplace Risk assessment:
 Firstly, all the new workers that are being hired shall be subjected to the process
of involvement in risk assessment. Due to high turnover rate the workers, facilities
team and teachers shall be considered as a group

 Young people must be considered in the risk assessment as there are young
children in the school aging from 11 years to 18 years.

 Afterwards, female staff shall be included in the risk assessment, as there are
female staff in the school including a pregnant woman as a sports teacher

 Another group of worker i.e. the disable workers shall also be given due
consideration in the risk assessment as a worker complained about egress in
corridors

 Different communities who also visit the school for drama facilities and sports
week should also be considered in the risk assessment profile

Question 5 (b)
From the scenario, the following points can be used to compel the finance director to
conduct risk assessment:
Arguments:
1. Primarily, the involvement of the BFD in the risk assessment will portray a very
positive image of him. It will make sure that the management commitment and
leadership exists

2. The involvement of the top level BFD will ensure that the same spirits go down
the line to the lower management and hence they will also cater for health and
safety

3. The BFD will also be informed about his moral and ethical responsibility, that he is
an employer and the employer needs to provide safe working conditions for the
workers. As if one of them gets injured their families would be affected

4. The BFD will also be informed about the directives of labor department regarding
the violation of health and safety which will cause him to pay heavy fines

5. As a result of an accident, all the loss is on the school whether it is form of

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0021-ENG-OBE-V1 Nov22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 monetary values or lost time, that is why the BFD shall make a risk assessment

6. Financial loss to the school occurs when an injury takes place, such as the
medical bills are paid by school, salary is given to the injured, replacement is
hired for a time period and work is left unaddressed

7. Morale of the workers would also get high when the BFD takes part in the risk
assessment as it will assure the workers that the management caters for their
health and safety

8. Due to occurrence of accident, the repute of the school is damaged, a bad morale
is spread in the market and the school can face legal notices regarding the
unhealthy and unsafe environment. Therefore the BFD must take a lead and ace
the health and safety of the school

9. Response time of the management would be a lot more quicker when the BFD
himself gets involve in the health and safety management

Task 6: Benefits of inspections/inspection frequency

Question 6 (a)
Safety inspections shall be decided as per the below given factors;
Factors of Safety Inspection;
1. Based upon the legal requirement, safety inspections of the work site shall
be carried out to ensure the compliance of the safety guidelines

2. The number of safety inspections are directly dependent upon the number
of complaints received. Such as if a high number of complaints are
received the safety team shall do more inspections

3. The safety inspection also depends upon the presence of the vulnerable
people on site, such as the scenario shows that a pregnant sports teacher,
a disable worker and young workers were on site

4. Safety inspection is a broad term, for effective safety inspection, first the
category and type of work shall be finalized. Based upon that safety site
inspection shall be carried out

5. As per the health and safety policy and as per the recommendation of the
health and safety committee a number of safety inspection shall be
finalized and ensured for compliance

6. A wide range of work has been carried out in the school area, based upon
the type of work that is being carried out and on the basis of the tools that
will be used, a safety site inspection shall be carried out

7. Poor housekeeping was observed in the scenario, that can lead to the
occurrence of accident at the work site, hence a regular safety inspection
shall be carried out for good housekeeping

8. Based upon the risk involved in the task, safety inspection shall be carried

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0021-ENG-OBE-V1 Nov22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

 out. Such as high risk job shall have repeated safety inspection

9. Nature of the activities and the categorical work that is being carried out
also determines the type and frequency of safety inspections

10. Safety inspection can also be deduced from the accident history of the
school. As a number of near misses were reported so the school may
need regular safety inspections

11. Safety inspection also varies and depends upon the size and area of the
facility, a large school will definitely require more frequent safety
inspections as compared to the small schools

12. Legal authorities can also enforce the number of safety inspections

Question 6 (b)
Benefits of the safety inspections are listed as below;
Benefits of Safety Inspections:
1. One of the most important benefit of the safety inspections is that the hazards and
risk in the school building would be eliminated and rectified

2. A number of hazards and risk would be identified in the safety inspections and
this will support the robust culture of health and safety

3. Near misses will be reduced by the safety inspection as the hazards will be
identified and will be timely dealt with

4. Poor health and safety culture can be eradicated with the help of these health and
safety inspections

5. The legal requirements and criteria can also be fulfilled by rigorous health and
safety inspections

6. Housekeeping can be assured as boxes was present lying scattered in the

corridor. Such means are a source of hazard and can be ratified by safety
inspections only

7. The broken ladder would have been noticed by the safety in charge if safety site
inspections were carried out in true latter and spirit

8. The recommendation of the health and safety committee would also be satisfied
by the frequent safety inspection visits

9. Safety inspection would build up the morale of workers as they will be assured
that the management cares about their well being

10. Safety protocols was violated in a number of ways, frequent inspections of the site
will make sure that compliance with safety protocols is achieved

11. Safety inspection is also a good sign and supports the positive health and safety
culture at any work place

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0021-ENG-OBE-V1 Nov22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

Task 7: Permit-to-work

Question 7
Permit to work system is a powerful tool in assessing and managing risks involved with
the job;
Permit to Work System:
1. Permit to work is only issued by the health and safety department, hence the
safety department is taken on board before the initiation of work. this assures that
all the safety measures are In place

2. The health and safety department also makes sure that the required
precautionary controls are in place so in case of any accident the worker may not
fall free

3. The permit to work system is a robust system that identifies and check all the risk
and hazards present in the activity. For which controls are then made in place

4. Permit to work system identifies the type and nature of work and based upon that
it shortlist the appropriate PPEs for the job such as helmet and harness

5. The permit is a time limited and a job-limited document, it is issued for a certain
period and for specific job. Hence it makes sure that all the hazards are identified

6. Permit to work system has names of the workers and their supervisor who are
allowed to do the job. Hence is also makes sure that the job is carried out by the
experts

7. Permit to work system has its own approved checklist. The checklist assures that
all the relevant hazards and risks are identified and the mandatory PPEs are
provided

8. The supervisor name In the permit is for the purpose that the activity would be
supervised by the said supervisor and will ensure safe working

9. The supervisor will also make sure that all the supplies in the work permit are in
good condition such as the broken ladder should have not been used

10. Permit to work also assures that proper tool box talks are given to the workers so
that they have clear understanding of the work done required

11. Permit to work will also identify that whether the conditions are safe for executing
the task or not. Such as harsh weather and broken roof would be identified in the
permit to work system.

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 Documents and https://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/managing/index.htm
sources of https://safetyculture.com/
information you https://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/techmeaspermit.htm
used in your
examination

End of examination

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