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Lecture - Momentum

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13 views

Lecture - Momentum

Uploaded by

gloriachristineanne66
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE

MOMENTUM (p)
“mass in motion”
amount of motion that an object has
depends on an object’s mass and velocity
product of mass and velocity (linear momentum)
momentum = mass ∙ velocity

p = mv ; p = mv

unit is kg ∙ m/s or g ∙ cm/s


the greater the momentum of a moving object, the more difficult it is to stop
When a train is traveling at 100 km/h, it has more momentum than when it is
traveling at 75 km/h. The train is more difficult to stop at a higher speed.
A heavy truck is harder to stop than a relatively light car moving at the same
speed. The truck has greater momentum than the car.

For safety reasons, bus and truck drivers should only drive within the
speed limit to avoid accidents
inertia in motion
the greater the mass or velocity, the greater is the momentum.
A body has a momentum only in the direction of its velocity, and thus, it is
a vector quantity. Conventionally, if we consider the momentum of a body
moving to the right as positive, then a body moving to the left has a
negative momentum.

Examples:
1. What is the momentum of a 2.0 x 104 –kg truck traveling 25 m/s to the right?

Given: m = 2.0 x 104 kg


v = 25 m/s, to the right

Find:
P=?

Solution:
p = mv
= (2.0 x 104 kg) (25 m/s)
p = 5.0 x 105 kg ∙ m/s, to the right
2. A 2 000-kg jeepney and a 4 000-kg truck are both moving at a speed of 72 km/h toward
east. Calculate the momentum of each vehicle.

Given:
Jeepney
m = 2 000 kg
v = 72 km/h = 20 m/s east

Find:
p= ?

Solution:
p = mv
= (2 000 kg) (20 m/s)
p = 40 000 kg ∙ m/s, east

Given:
Truck
m = 4 000 kg
v = 20 m/s east

Find:
p=?

Solution:
p = mv
= (4 000 kg) (20 m/s)
p = 80 000 kg ∙ m/s, east

Impulse – Momentum Relationship


Impulse – product of the net force and the time interval over which that force acts.

I = Ft

Impulse – Momentum Relationship


states that the change in momentum of a system is equal to the impulse applied to it.

Ft = Δ(mv)

❖ Because any object or person with momentum is difficult to stop, you need to
apply a certain amount of force for a particular time to stop it
Ex. A rugby player tries to tackle his opponent by pulling him down. This momentarily
stops the momentum of someone who has the ball
The Law of Conservation of Momentum
- Momentum can also be observed along the roads. It is often involved in car accidents.
The vehicles are involved in a collision. In this case, the total momentum of the system
of the vehicles is conserved.

- states that if there are no other external forces acting on the vehicles, then the
total momentum of the system before and after collision are equal.

Two kinds of Collisions


1. Elastic collision – kinetic energy is conserved.
2. Inelastic collision – kinetic energy is not conserved.

Ptotal = P’total

Ptruck + Pcar = P’truck + P’car

(mv)truck + (mv)car = (mv)’truck + (mv)’car

PA + PB = P’A + P’B

Collision-related Damages
Imagine a car with a very short bumper colliding with another car. You will surely witness a very
deformed car after the collision. When two vehicles stick together after collision, there will be
more damage. Some of the kinetic energy is converted to heat. The purpose of the car’s
bumper is to lessen the damage from the collision. The bumper increases the time of
impact between the body of one car and the body of another car. Thus, less force will be
experienced by the car.

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