December 21, 2021 (group 9A)

B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (50 points)

Part 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. According to the _____ of the contract, tenants must give six months’ notice if they intend to
live.
A. laws B. rules C. terms D. details
2. No one could contemplate fame these days without knowing beforehand of its _____.
a. laisez-faire B. outburst C. insight D. downside
3. Books taken from the short _____ section are due to be returned the next day.
A. borrowing B. credit C. loan D. return
4. She was so undisciplined and disobedient that, as the manager, I just had to put my _____
down.
A. stamp B. shoe C. fist D. foot
5. When Wilson’s company was hit by the recession, he decided to take early _____.
A. redundancy B. retirement C. resignation D. redeployment
6. I am sure your husband-to-be will lend you a _____ ear when you explain the situation to
him.
A. merciful B. compassionate C. pitiful D. sympathetic
7. The whereabouts of the exiled president remains a _____ guarded secret.
A. highly B. closely C. deeply D. entirely
8. It’s a shame to fall out so badly with your own _____.
A. heart to heart B. flesh and blood C. heart and soul D. skin and bone
9. Life’s very easy for you. You were born with a _____ spoon in your mouth.
A. silver B. golden C. bronze D. diamond
10. There has been a lot of _____ surrounding the government’s proposed scheme.
A. controversy B. consent C. conformity D. consequence
11. You can’t bury your head _____ and hope that this problem goes away, you know.
A. in the mud B. in the pool C. in the sand D. in the water
12. Fiona’s offered to help you. Don’t ask why – never look a gift _____ in the mouth.
A. horse B. cow C. deer D. dog
13. Sandra’s unpleasant _____ suggested that she knew about Amanda’s terrible secret.
A. grimace B. smirk C. wince D. snort
14. Few people can do creative work unless they are in the right _____ of mind.
A. frame B. trend C. attitude D. tendency
15. He was arrested for trying to pass _____ notes at the bank.
A. camouflaged B. fake C. counterfeit D. fraudulent
16. This fabric has the _____ of silk but it’s very cheap.
A. stroke B. substance C. friction D. texture
17. I threw some biscuit _____ on the ground and a whole load of pigeons swooped down and
started eating them.
A. grains B. specks C. flakes D. crumbs
18. The insects looked and tasted so horrible, I _____ with disgust as I tried to force them
down.
A. gloated B. grinned C. grimaced D. chuckled

Page 1 of 18
19. Going down white-water rapids in a canoe must be extremely _____! Does your heart start
beating really fast?
A. trivial B. mundane C. sedentary D. exhilarating
20. Was it always an _____ of yours to play for France?
A. urge B. adoration C. anticipation D. aspiration
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 2. Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write
the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Example: Line 1: industrial  industry
Although the music industrial developed over several decades, popular music drew
ethnomusicologists’ attention by the 90s because a standardizing effective began to develop.
The corporate nature surrounding popular music streamlined it into a framework that focused
on slight deviations from the accepted norm, create what Adorno calls “pseudo-individualism”;
what the public would perceive as unique or organic would musically comply with standard,
established music conventions. Thus, a duality emerged from this standardization, an industry-
driven manipulation of the public’s tastes to give people what they want while simultaneous
guiding them to it. In the case of rock music, while the genre may have grown out of politicized
forces and other form of meaningful motivation, the corporate influence over popular music
became integral to its identity that directing public taste became increasingly
easier. Technological development allowed for easy dispersion of western music, causing the
dominance of western music into rural and urbanized areas across the globe. However, because
popular music assumes so a corporatized role and therefore remains subject to a large degree of
standardized, ambiguity exists whether the music reflects actual cultural values or those only of
the corporate sector seeking economic profit. Because popular music developed such a
dependent relationship to media and the corporations surrounding it, where record sales and
profit indirectly shaped musical decisions, the superstar person became an important element of
popular music. From the fame and economical success surrounding such superstars, subcultures
continued to arise, such as the rock and punk movements, only perpetuated by the corporate
machine that also shaped the musical aspect of popular music.
Your answers:
Line Mistakes Corrections
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Page 2 of 18
 9.
10
.

Part 3. Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your answer
in the box provided.
1. It’s not fair. You’re always picking _____ me.
2. You look very guilty. What have you been getting _____ _____?
3. My parents are not interrupted in modern music. They are _____ the times.
4. At that time they were poor, and they went _____ a difficult time.
5. He gained ascendancy _____ all his main rivals.
6. We have to go _____ our work right now, or we won’t finish it on time.
7. The two trains came _____ ten metres of collision.
8. The skyscraper stands out _____ the blue sky.
9. I got _____ the Arts Faculty at the University of London to study history.
10. As the detective stories become popular once again, the publishing house decides to bring
_____ a new edition of Christie’s work.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4. Write the correct form of the words given in the brackets. Write your answers in the
spaces provided below.
BECOMING A PARENT
Very little in our lives prepares us for _____ (1. parent). Suddenly, your life is turned
upside down and all sorts of _____ (2. familiar) demands are replaced on you. How we
ourselves were treated by our parents in our _____ (3. young) can have an _____ (4.
appreciate) effect on who we become as parents. Our own _____ (5. observe) of how our
parents responded to us creates a model of parenting that is _____ (6. intimate) connected to
the kind of parents we become. It’s not uncommon for people to show the same child-rearing
_____ (7. character) as their own parents. If your father was an _____ (8. sympathy) figure
who always seemed too busy to care about how you felt, then there’s a chance you will repeat
the same behavior. If your mother was utterly _____ (9. self) in her devotion to her children,
there’s a chance that you too will be equally giving and do all that is _____ (10. human)
possible for your offspring.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

C. READING (60 points)

Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each
gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
Promoting children’s self-esteem seems to be one of the aims of modern childcare and
education. It goes (1) _______ with a culture in which children are (2) _______ for the most
minor achievements. While this promotion of self-esteem is, rightly, a reaction against (3)

Page 3 of 18
_______ times when children weren’t praised enough, it also seems to be (4) _______ a fear of
how failure will affect children: a fear that if they don’t succeed at a task, they will somehow
be damaged.
However, the opposite may well be true. Many scientists spend years experiencing (5) _______
failure in the lab until they make a breakthrough. They know that ultimately this process
advances scientific knowledge. (6) _______, children need to experience failure to learn and
grow. If children have been praised for everything they’ve done, regardless of how good it is,
then failure in adult life will be all the more painful.
Life is full of (7) _______ and there is no point in trying to protect children from the
disappointments that (8) _______ them. Parents and educators shouldn’t be afraid of picking up
on children’s mistakes, as long as they also praise them when they do well. After all, the heroes
children try to (9) _______ the pop stars and footballers, have all reached the top (10)
_______ruthless competition. Like them, children need to learn how to cope with failure and
turn it to their advantage.
1. A. cap in hand B. hand in hand C. to show D. without saying
2. A. enthusiastically B. devotedly C. immensely D. thoroughly
3. A. grimmer B. more unrelenting C. more unsparing D. sterner
4. A. consequent upon B. owing to C. culminated in D. resulted from
5. A. concurrent B. consequent C. consecutive D. continual
6. A. All the same B. By the same token C. In like manner D. In similar fashion
7. A. flies in the ointment B. obstacle courses
C. spanners in the works D. stumbling blocks
8. A. put great store by B. lie in wait for C. hold in store for D. wait up for
9. A. duplicate B. emulate C. replicate D. stimulate
10. A. in the face of B. in the teeth of C. irrespective of D. without regard to
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2. Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write
your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
The majority of lottery winners change their lives (1) _______ little, and continue on
their settled way happy ever after. A couple of years ago, a Mr. David won a million. He
had been struggling to (2) _______ a success of his dry cleaning shop for the past 12
months. He accepted his cheque in a small ceremony (3) _______ the premises at 2.30,
and by three o’clock he had reopened for business. The reaction of Mr. Pasquale
Consalvo who won $30 million in the New York state lottery was very (4) _______.He
was unhappy not to be able to fulfill his desire to go to work as (5) _______ on the day
he won. He also said that if the money made him (6) _______ he would give it back. In
fact, the chances of his life being made a misery by his new-found wealth are almost (7)
_______ slim though not quite as the sixty million-to-one odds he beat to take a jackpot
(8) _______ had remained unclaimed through six previous draws. Gambling small
amounts (9) _______ the lottery is a harmless if futile hobby. (10) _______, gambling
can become an addition, increasingly so as the activity becomes socially acceptable.

Page 4 of 18
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
The first scientific attempt at coaxing moisture from a cloud was in 1946, when
scientist Vincent Schaefer dropped 3 pounds of dry ice from an airplane into a cloud
and, to his delight, produced snow. The success of the experiment was modest, but it
spawned optimism among farmers and ranchers around the country. It seemed to them
that science had finally triumphed over weather.
Unfortunately, it didn’t work out that way. Although there were many cloud-
seeding operations, during the late 1940s and the 1950s, no one could say whether they
had any effect on precipitation. Cloud seeding, or weather modification as it came to be
called, was dearly more complicated than had been thought. It was not until the early
1970s that enough experiments had been done to understand the processes involved.
What these studies indicated was that only certain types of clouds are amenable to
seeding. One of the most responsive is the winter orographic cloud, formed when air
currents encounter a mountain slope and rise. If the temperature in such a cloud is right,
seeding can increase snow yield by 10 to 20 percent.
There are two major methods of weather modification. In one method, silver iodide
is burned in propane-fired ground generators. The smoke rises into the clouds where the
tiny silver-iodide particles act as nuclei for the formation of ice crystals. The alternate
system uses airplanes to deliver dry-ice pellets. Dry ice does not provide ice-forming
nuclei. Instead, it lowers the temperature near the water droplets in the clouds so that
they freeze instantly—a process called spontaneous nucleation. Seeding from aircraft is
more efficient but also more expensive.
About 75 percent of all weather modification in the United States takes place in the
Western states. With the population of the West growing rapidly, few regions of the
world require more water. About 85 percent of the waters in the rivers of the West
comes from melted snow. As one expert put it, the water problems of the future may
make the energy problems of the 70s seem like child’s play to solve. That’s why the
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, along with state governments, municipal water districts,
and private interests such as ski areas and agricultural cooperatives, is putting increased
effort into cloud-seeding efforts. Without consistent and heavy snowfalls in the Rockies
and Sierras, the West would literally dry up. The most intensive efforts to produce
precipitation was during the West’s disastrous snow drought of 1976-77. It is impossible
to judge the efficiency of weather modification based on one crash program, but most
experts think that such hurry-up programs are not very effective.
1. What is the main subject of the passage?
A. The scientific contributions of Vincent Schaefer

Page 5 of 18
 B. Developments in methods of increasing precipitation
C. The process by which snow crystals form
D. The effects of cloud seeding
2. The word spawned in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. intensified B. reduced C. preceded D. created
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the term weather
modification?
A. It is not as old as the term cloud seeding.
B. It has been in use since at least 1946.
C. It refers to only one type of cloud seeding.
D. It was first used by Vincent Schaefer.
4. According to the passage, winter orographic clouds are formed _____.
A.on relatively warm winter days
B. over large bodies of water
C. during intense snow storms
D. when air currents rise over mountains
5. To which of the following does the word they in paragraph 3 refer?
A.Water droplets B. Clouds C. Ice-forming nuclei D. Airplanes
6. When clouds are seeded from the ground, what actually causes ice crystals to form?
A.Propane B. Silver-iodide smoke
C. Dry-ice pellets D. Nuclear radiation
7. Clouds would most likely be seeded from airplanes when _____.
A. it is important to save money
B. the process of spontaneous nucleation cannot be employed
C. the production of precipitation must be efficient
D. temperatures are lower than usual
8. What does the author imply about the energy problems of the 1970s?
A. They were caused by a lack of water.
B. They took attention away from water problems.
C. They may not be as critical as water problems will be in the future.
D. They were thought to be minor at the time but turned out to be serious.
9. The author mentions agricultural cooperatives (paragraph 4) as an example of _____.
A. state government agencies
B. private interests
C. organizations that compete with ski areas for water
D. municipal water districts
10. It can be inferred from, the passage that the weather-modification project of 1976-77
was ___.
A. put together quickly B. a complete failure
C. not necessary D. easy to evaluate
D. WRITING (40 points)

Page 6 of 18
Part 1. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same.
You must use between THREE and EIGHT words, including the word given.
1. I don’t know why Fred made such an extraordinary decision. (prompted)
=> I don’t know _________________________________________ a decision.
2. Inefficient treatment of customers creates a bad impression of the company. (reflects)
=> Treating customers with a lack ______________________________________ the
company.
3. The organizers planned everything as carefully as they could possibly have done. (utmost)
=> Everything was planned _______________________________________ by the organizers.
4. Coming second didn’t make her feel any better because she only wanted to win.
(consolation)
=> Coming second _______________________________________ was all that mattered to
her.
5. I promised him that the situation would not be repeated in the future. (word)
=> I ____________________________________ no repetition of the situation in the future.

Part 2. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it.
1. The inhabitants were far worse-off twenty years ago than they are now.
=> The inhabitants are nowhere ________________________________.
2. The chairman’s leaving just before you’re due to arrive.
=> By the _________________________________________________
3. It was difficult to understand her colleagues’ open hostility towards her proposal.
=> That her colleagues ________________________________________
4. They only reimbursed us because we took legal advice.
=> We wouldn’t _____________________________________________
5. We’ve had lots of arguments with that particular harbor master before.
=> This isn’t ______________________________________________

Part 3. In many countries, an increase in crime has been blamed on violent images on
television and in computer and video games. To what extent do you agree or disagree with
this opinion? Write an essay(about 250 words) to clarify your ideas.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 7 of 18
Page 8 of 18