5

CHAPTER
Arithmetic Progressions

NCERT Exercise

Exercise-I 1
The vacuum pump removes th of air
4
1. In which of the following situations, does the remaining in the cylinder at a time in each
list of numbers involved make an arithmetic stroke.
progression and why? 3V
1
(i) The taxi fare after each km when the fare is After first time removal, a2 = V − V =
4 4
Rs 15 for the first km and Rs 8 for each
additional km. 3V 1  3V 
After second time removal, a3 = −  
4 4 4 
(ii) The amount of air present in a cylinder 2
1 3V 3V 9V  3 
when a vacuum pump removes of the air
= − = =  V
4 4 16 16  4 
2 3
remaining in the cylinder at a time. 3V  3  3
Hence, volumes will be V, ,  V ,  V
and so on. 4 4
  4
(iii) The cost of digging a well after every metre
of digging, when it costs `150 for the first 3V V
metre and rises by `50 for each subsequent Now, a2
– a1 = −V =−
4 4
metre.
9V 3V 9V − 12V
(iv) The amount of money in the account every
a3 – a2 = − =
16 4 16
year, when `10000 is deposited at compound
3V
interest at 8% per annum. = −
16
Sol. (i) It is given that, taxi fare for the first km = 15
It is clear that, this series is not an A.P because
and for each additional km = ₹ 8.
terms of this series do not have the common
Hence, taxi fare for first 2 kms = 15 + 8 = 23
difference between them.
Taxi fare for first 3 kms = 23 + 8 = 31
(iii) It is given that, Cost of digging a well for first
Taxi fare for first 4 kms = 31 + 8 = 39 and so metre = ` 150
on ....
for first 2 metres = ` 150 + ` 50 = ` 200
Therefore, 15, 23, 31, 39 … forms an A.P., as
each term of the sequence is 8 more than the for first 3 metres = ` 200 + ` 50 = ` 250
preceding term, i.e., 8 is the common difference for first 4 metres = ` 250 + ` 50 = ` 300 and
between terms of the sequence. so on.
(ii) Suppose the volume of air in a cylinder be V Hence 150, 200, 250, 300 … forms an A.P., as
litres, initially. common difference between each term is 50.
 (iv) If ` P is deposited at r% compound interest per a3 = a2 + d = 1 − 3 = −2
annum for n years, the amount of money will a4 = a3 + d = − 2 − 3 = −5
be given by: Therefore, the series will be 4, 1, −2 −5 …
n First four terms of this A.P. will be 4, 1, −2
 r 
P 1 +  and −5.
 100 
Hence, after each year, the amount of money 1
(iv) a = −1, d =
will be, 2
2 3
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …
 8   8   8 

10000 1 +  ,10000 1 +  , 10000 1 +  ... a1 = a = – 1
 100   100   100 
1 1
a 2 =a1 + d =−1 + =−
Therefore, this series is not an A.P as the 2 2
terms of this series do not have the common 1 1
a3 = a2 + d = − + = 0
difference between them. 2 2
2. Write first four terms of the A.P. where the first 1 1
a4 = a3 + d = 0 + =
term a and the common difference d are given as 2 2
follows: Clearly, the series will be
(i) a = 10, d = 10 1 1
−1, − , 0, ........
(ii) a = –2, d = 0 2 2
(iii) a = 4, d = – 3 First four terms of this A.P. will be
1 1 1
(iv) a = –1 d = −1, − , 0 and .
2 2 2
(v) a = –1.25, d = – 0.25 (v) a = −1.25, d = −0.25
Sol. (i) a = 10, d = 10 Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …
∴ a1 = a = 10 a1 = a = −1.25

a2 = a1 + d = 10 + 10 = 20
a2 = a1 + d = − 1.25 − 0.25 = −1.50

a3 = a2 + d = 20 + 10 = 30
a3 = a2 + d = − 1.50 − 0.25 = −1.75

a4 = a3 + d = 30 + 10 = 40
a4 = a3 + d = − 1.75 − 0.25 = −2.00

a5 = a4 + d = 40 + 10 = 50
Clearly, the series will be 1.25, −1.50, −1.75,
And so on… −2.00 ……..
First four terms of this A.P. are 10, 20, 30, and 40. First four terms of this A.P. will be −1.25,
−1.50, −1.75 and −2.00.
(ii) a = −2, d = 0
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 … 3. For the following A.P.s, write the first term and the
common difference.
a1 = a = −2

(i) 3, 1, – 1, – 3 …
a2 = a1 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2
(ii) –5, – 1, 3, 7 …
a3 = a2 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2
1 5 9 13
(iii) , , , ...
a4 = a3 + d = − 2 + 0 = −2
3 3 3 3
Therefore, the series will be −2, −2, −2, −2 … (iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 …
First four terms of this A.P. will be −2, −2, −2 Sol. (i) Given A.P is 3, 1, – 1, – 3 …
and −2. Here, First term a = 3
(iii) a = 4, d = −3 and Common difference d = a2 – a1
Let the series be a1, a2, a3, a4 …
d=1–3
a1 = a = 4


d = –2.
a2 = a1 + d = 4 − 3 = 1

2 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW
 (ii) −5, −1, 3, 7 … 1 1
= = d
Here, first term, a = −5 2 2
Common difference, The given series is in A.P.

d = Second term − First term (iii) –1.2, –3.2, –5.2, –7.2....
= (−1) − (−5) = − 1 + 5 = 4 a1 = –1.2

1 5 9 13 a2 = –3.2

, , , ,…
(iii)
3 3 3 3 a3 = –5.2

1
Here, first term, a = a4 = –7.2

3
Common difference, a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d

d = Second term − First term –3.2 – (–1.2) = –5.2 – (–3.2) = d

5 1 4 –3.2 + 1.2 = –5.2 + 3.2 = d

= − =
3 3 3 –2 = –2 = d
(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9 … Hence it is in A.P.
Here, first term, a = 0.6 (iv) –10, –6, –2, 2
Common difference, d = Second term − First a1 = –10

term a2 = –6

= 1.7 − 0.6 = 1.1 a3 = –2

a4 = 2

4. Which of the following are APs? If they form
an A.P, find the common difference d and write a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d
three more terms. –6 – (–10) = –2– (–6) = d
Sol. (i) 2, 4, 8, 16 –6 + 10 = –2 + 6 = d
a1 = 2 4 = 4 = d
Hence, in A.P.
a2 = 4

(v) 3, 3 + 2, 3 + 2 2, 3 + 3 2
a3 = 8

a4 = 16

a1 = 3
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2
a 2= 3 + 2

4–2≠8
–4
a 3= 3 + 2 2
2 ≠ 4
a 4= 3 + 3 2
Not in A.P.
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d

5 7
(ii) 2, 3,
2 2
3+ 2 −3= 3+ 2 2 − 3+ 2 = d ( )

a1 = 2

5 2 = 3+ 2 2 −3− 2 = d
a2 =

2 2 =
= 2 d

a3 = 3 Hence, in A.P.
7 (vi) 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222
a4 =

2 a1 = 0.2

a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d a2 = 0.22
5 5 a3 = 0.222
− 2 =3−
2 2 a4 = 0.2222

Arithmetic Progressions 3

a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d a=a=d
0.22 – 0.2 = 0.222 – 0.22 = d Hence,this is in A.P.
0.02 ≠ 0.002 (xi) a, a2. a3, a4......
Hence, the series in not in A.P. a1 = a
(vii) 0, –4, –8, –12 a2 = a2
a3 = a3
a1 = 0
a4 = a4
a2 = –4
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d
a3 = –8
a4 = –12 a2 – a = a3 – a2 = d
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d a(a – 1) ≠ a2(a – 1) = d
– 4 –0 = –8 – (–4) = d Hence, this is not in A.P.
–4 = –8 + 4 = d (xii) 2, 8, 18, 32
–4 = –4 = d
a1 = 2
Hence, the series is in A.P.

a = 8
1 1 1 1 2
(viii) − , − , − , −
2 2 2 2 a3 = 18
1
a1 = − a = 32 4
2 a2 – a1 = a3 – a2

1
a2 = − 8− 2= 18 − 8
2

1 2 2− 2 = 3 2 −2 2
a3 = −
2 2
= 2 d
=

1
a4 = − Hence in
A.P.
2
(xiii) 3, 6, 9, 12
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d
a1 = 3
0=0=d
a2 = 6
Hence in A.P.
a3 = 9
(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27
a4 = 12
a1 = 1
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d
a2 = 3

a3 = 9 6− 3≠ 9− 6
a4 = 27 Not in A.P.
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d (xiv) 12, 32, 52, 72, .......
3 – 1 = 9 – 3 = d a1 = 1
a2 = 9
2 ≠ 6
a3 = 25
Hence not in A.P.
a4 = 49
(x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a
a1 = a a2 – a1 = a3 – a2
a2 = 2a 9 – 1 = 25 – 9
a3 = 3a 8 ≠ 16
a4 = 4a Not in A.P.
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = d (xv) 12, 52, 72, 73, .......
2a – a = 3a – 2a = d a1 = 1

4 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW

 a2 = 25 −5 = a − 51
a3 = 49
a = 51 − 5 = 46
a4 = 73 Hence, a = 46
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 (iv) a = −18.9, d = 2.5, an = 3.6, n = ?
25 – 1 = 49 – 25
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
24 = 24
3.6 = − 18.9 + (n − 1) 2.5
Hence, in A.P.
3.6 + 18.9 = (n − 1) 2.5
22.5 = (n − 1) 2.5
Exercise-2
22.5
(n − 1) =

1. Fill in the blanks in the following table, given 2.5
that a is the first term, d the common difference
n–1=9
and an the nth term of the A.P.
n = 10
a d n an Hence, n = 10
(i) 7 3 8 ...... (v) a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 105, an = ?
(ii) –18 ...... 10 0 We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
(iii) ...... –3 18 –5 an = 3.5 + (105 − 1) 0

(iv) –18.9 2.5 ...... 3.6 an = 3.5 + 104 × 0

(v) 3.5 0 105 ...... an = 3.5

Sol. (i) Given Hence, an = 3.5
First term (a) = 7 2. Choose the correct choice in the following and
Common difference (d) = 3 justify:
Number of terms, n = 8, (i) 30th term of the A.P: 10,7, 4, …, is
nth term of an A.P is given by:
(a) 97 (b) 77
an = a + (n – 1)d
...(i) (c) –77 (d) –87
On putting the values of a, d and n in (i), we 1
(ii) 11th term of the A.P. –3, − , ,2 .... is
get 2
an = 7 + (8 – 1) 3 = 28
(a) 28
(b) 22
(ii) Given that a = −18, n = 10, an = 0, d = ? 1
(c) – 38
(d) –48
2
We know that,
an = a + (n − 1) d
Sol. (i) (c) Given A.P. is 10, 7, 4, …
Hence, first term, a = 10
0 = − 18 + (10 − 1) d
and, common difference, d = a2 – a1 = 7 – 10
18 = 9d
= –3
18
d = 2
= As, nth term of an A.P., is given by:
9
Hence, common difference, d = 2 an = a +(n–1)d ...(i)
(iii) Given that d = −3, n = 18, an = −5 On putting the values of a and d in (i) we get

We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d a30 = 10 + (30 – 1)(–3)

−5 = a + (18 − 1) (−3) a30 = 10 + (29)(–3)

−5 = a + (17) (−3) a30 = 10 – 87 = –77

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Arithmetic Progressions 5
 1
(ii) (b) Given that, A.P. −3, − , 2,… and, a4 = a + (4 – 1)d
2
First term a = −3 3 = a + 3d …(iii)
Common difference, d = a2 − a1 Subtract eq. (ii) from (iii)
1 – 10 = 2d ⇒d=–5
=− − (−3)
2 On putting the value of d in eq. (ii), we get
1 5 13 = a + (–5)
=− + 3 =

2 2
⇒ a = 18
We know that, ⸫ a3 = 18 + (3 – 1)(–5)
an =a + (n − 1)d
= 18 + 2(–5) = 18 – 10 = 8
Hence, the missing terms of A.P are 18 and 8
5
a11 =−3 + (11 − 1)   respectively.
2
1
5 (iii) 5, , ,9
a11 =−3 + (10)   2
2
For this A.P.,
a11 =−3 + 25

a=5
a11 = 22
1 19
3. In the following, APs find the missing term in the a=
4 9=
2 2
boxes:
We know that,
(i) 2, , 26
an = a + (n – 1)d
(ii) , 13, , 3 an = a + (4 – 1)d
1
(iii) 5, , , 9 19
2 = 5 + 3d
2
(iv) –4, , , , , 6
(v) , 38, , , , –22 19
− 5 =d
3
2
Sol. (i) The given A.P. is 2, , 26
9
Hence, a = 2 and, a3 = 26 = 3d
2
As, nth term of an A.P is given by: 3
d=
an = a + (n –1)d
...(i) 2
3 13
On putting the known values in (i), we get a2 = a + d =5 + =
2 2
a3 = 2 + (3 – 1)d
13
Therefore, the missing terms are and 8
26 = 2 + 2d respectively. 2
24 = 2d ⇒ d = 12
(iv) −4, , , , , 6
Therefore, a2 = 2 + (2 – 1)12 = 14
For this A.P., a = −4 and a6 = 6
Hence, the missing term is 14. We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
(ii) The given A.P is, , 13, ,3 a6 = a + (6 − 1) d

Hence, a2 = 13 and a4 = 3
6 = − 4 + 5d
nth term of an A.P. is given by: 10 = 5d
an = a + (n – 1) d

d=2
On putting the known values in (i), we get a2 = a + d = − 4 + 2 = −2

a2 = a + (2 – 1)d
a3 = a + 2d = − 4 + 2 (2) = 0

13 = a + d ...(ii) a4 = a + 3d = − 4 + 3 (2) = 2

6 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW


a5 = a + 4d = − 4 + 4 (2) = 4 = 13 – 7 = 6
Therefore, the missing terms are −2, 0, 2, and 4 Let us suppose there are n terms in this A.P.
respectively. nth term of an A.P is given by:

(v)
, 38 , , , − 22
an = a + (n – 1) d
For this A.P., a2 = 38 and a6 = −22 205 = 7 + (n – 1) 6 [⸫ an = 205]
We know that an = a + (n − 1) d
198 = (n – 1) 6
a2 = a + (2 − 1) d
33 = (n – 1)
38 = a + d  …(1)
⇒ n = 34
a6 = a + (6 − 1) d
Hence, there are 34 terms in the given A.P.
−22 = a + 5d  …(2) 1
(ii) 18,15 ,13, …, − 47
On subtracting equation (1) from (2), we obtain 2
− 22 − 38 = 4d For this A.P.,
−60 = 4d
a = 18
1

d = −15 d = a2 − a1 = 15 − 18

2
a = a2 − d = 38 − (−15) = 53
31 − 36 5
a3 = a + 2d = 53 + 2 (−15) = 23
d=
= −
2 2
a4 = a + 3d = 53 + 3 (−15) = 8
Let there are n terms in this A.P.
a5 = a + 4d = 53 + 4 (−15) = −7
Therefore, an = −47 and we know that
Therefore, the missing terms are 53, 23, 8, and an = a + (n – 1)d
−7 respectively.  5
−47 = 18 + (n − 1)  − 
4. Which term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18, … is 78?  2
Sol. The given A.P. is 3, 8, 13, 18, …  5
−47 − 18 = (n − 1)  − 

Here, First term, a = 3  2
and Common difference, d = a2 – a1 = 8 – 3 = 5  5
−65 = (n − 1)  − 
Let the nth term of given A.P. be 78.  2
We know that nth term of an A.P is given by: −130
(n − 1) =

an = a + (n – 1)d −5
Hence, 78 = 3 + (n –1)5 [⸫ an = 78] (n – 1) = 26
75 = (n–1)5
n = 27
(n – 1) = 15 ⇒ n = 16 6. Check whether –150 is a term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5,
2, … or not.
Therefore, 78 is the 16th term of given A.P
5. Find the number of terms in each of the following Sol. The given A.P is 11, 8, 5, 2..
A.P. Therefore, First term, a = 11 and
(i) 7, 13, 19, …, 205 Common difference, d = a2 – a1 = 8 – 11 = –3
1 Let us suppose –150 be the nth term of this A.P., if
(ii) 18, 15 , 13... –47
2 it is, then
Sol. (i) The given A.P. is 7, 13, 19, …, 205 We know that nth term of an A.P is given by:
Here, an = a + (n – 1)d
First term, a = 7 and –150 = 11 + (n – 1)(–3)
Common difference, d = a2 – a1 –150 = 11 – 3n + 3

Arithmetic Progressions 7
 –150 – 11 –3 = –3n
d=2
–164 = –3n From equation (i), we obtain
164 12 = a + 2 (2)
n=
3

a = 12 − 4 = 8
As 164 is not completely divisible by 3
a29 = a + (29 − 1) d

Here, n is no. of terms and no. of terms cannot be
a fraction.
a29 = 8 + (28)2

∴ –150 is not a term of this A.P.

a29 = 8 + 56 = 64
7. Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is Therefore, 29th term is 64.
38 and the 16th term is 73. 9. If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and – 8
Sol. Given that, a11 = 38 and a16 = 73 respectively. Which term of this A.P. is zero.
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d Sol. Given that, a3 = 4 and a9 = −8
a11 = a + (11 − 1) d
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d
38 = a + 10d  …(i) a3 = a + (3 − 1) d

Similarly, a16 = a + (16 − 1) d 4 = a + 2d  … (i)
73 = a + 15d  …(ii) a9 = a + (9 − 1) d

On subtracting (i) from (ii), we obtain −8 = a + 8d  …(ii)

35 = 5d On subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we obtain

−12 = 6d

d =7
d = −2
From equation (1),
From equation (i), we obtain
38 = a + 10 × (7)
4 = a + 2 (−2)
38 − 70 = a
4=a−4

a = −32
a =8
a31 = a + (31 − 1) d

Let nth term of this A.P. be zero.
= − 32 + 30 (7)
an = a + (n − 1) d
= − 32 + 210
0 = 8 + (n − 1) (−2)
= 178
0 = 8 − 2n + 2
Hence, 31st term is 178.
2n = 10
8. An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is n=5
12 and the last term is 106. Find the 29th term.
Hence, 5th term of this A.P. is 0.
Sol. Given that, a3 = 12 and a50 = 106
10. If 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7.
We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d Find the common difference.
a3 = a + (3 − 1) d
Sol. We know that nth term of an A.P is given by:
12 = a + 2d  …(i) an = a + (n – 1)d
Similarly, a50 = a + (50 − 1) d ∴ a17 = a + (17 – 1)d
106 = a + 49d  … (ii) a17 = a + 16d ...(i)
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we obtain Similarly,
94 = 47d a10 = a + 9d ...(ii)
8 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW
 According to the question, and a1000 = a1 + (1000 – 1)d
a17 – a10 = 7 a1000 = a1 + 999d
...(ii)
(a + 16d) – (a + 9d) = 7 (from eq (i) & (ii)) Therefore, for second A.P.,
7d = 7 a100 = a1' + (100 – 1)d
⇒d=1 = a1' + 99d ...(iii)
Hence, the common difference between terms of and a1000 = a1' + (1000 – 1)d
this A.P is 1. = a1' + 999d ...(iv)
11. Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39,.. will be 132 It is given that, difference between 100th term of the
more than its 54th term? two AP's = 100
Sol. Given A.P. is 3, 15, 27, 39, … ⸫ (a1 + 99d) – (a1' + 99d) = 100 (from (i) & (iii))
a = 3 d = a2 − a1 = 15 − 3 = 12 a1 – a1' = 100 ...(v)
a54 = a + (54 − 1) d Now, difference between 1000th terms of the two
AP's (a1 + 999d) – (a1' + 999d) = a1 – a1'
= 3 + (53) (12)
= 3 + 636 = 639 From equation (v),
Now a54 +132 = 639 + 132 = 771 This difference, a1 – a1' = 100
We have to find the term of this A.P. which is 771. Therefore, the difference between 1000th terms of
the two A.P. will also be 100.
Let nth term be 771.
13. How many three digit numbers are divisible by 7?
an = a + (n − 1) d
771 = 3 + (n − 1) 12 Sol. Three digit numbers that are divisible by 7 are

768 = (n − 1) 12 105, 112, 119, …, 994

(n − 1) = 64 Let the nth term of this A.P. be 994, first term (a) =
105, common difference (d) = 7
n = 65
n=?
Therefore, 65th term was 132 more than 54th term.
We know that nth term of an A.P is given by:
Alternatively,
an = a + (n – 1)d
Let nth term be 132 more than 54th term.
994 = 105 + (n – 1)7 (⸪ an = 994)
132 (994 – 105) = (n – 1)7
n 54 +
=
12 889 = (n – 1)7
= 54 + 11 = 65th term (n – 1) = 127 ⇒ n = 128
12. Two APs have the same common difference. Hence, there are 128 three-digit numbers which are
The difference between their 100th term is 100, divisible by 7.
what is the difference between their 1000th
14. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and
terms?
250?
Sol. Let us suppose, the first term of two AP's be a1 and
Sol. First multiple of 4 that is greater than 10 is 12.
a1' respectively and the common difference between
Next will be 16.
the terms of these A.P's be d.
Therefore, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
We know that nth term of an A.P is given by:
All these are divisible by 4 and thus, all these are
an = a + (n – 1)d

terms of an A.P. with first term as 12 and common
⸫ For the first A.P., difference as 4.
a100 = a1 + (100 – 1)d
When we divide 250 by 4, the remainder will be 2.
= a1 + 99d ...(i)
Arithmetic Progressions 9
 Therefore, 250 − 2 = 248 is divisible by 4. ⇒ 61 + 4 = 5n
Therefore, 250 − 2 = 248 is divisible by 4. ⇒ 5n = 65 ⇒ n = 13
The series is as follows. Hence, 13th terms of both these A.P.s are equal to
each other.
12, 16, 20, 24, …, 248
16. Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and
Let 248 be the nth term of this A.P.
the 7th term exceeds the 5th term by 12.

a = 12
Sol. a3 = 16

d=4
a + (3 – 1) d = 16
an = 248

a + 2d = 16  …(1)
an = a + (n – 1)d

a7 − a5 = 12
248 = 12 + (n – 1)4
[a + (7 − 1) d] − [a + (5 − 1) d]= 12
236 (a + 6d) − (a + 4d) = 12
= n − 1
4
59 = n – 1 2d = 12

n = 60 d =6

Therefore, there are 60 multiples of 4 between 10 From equation (1), we obtain

and 250. a + 2 (6) = 16
15. For what value of n, are the nth terms of two a + 12 = 16
AP's 63, 65, 67, and 3, 10, 17, … equal? a=4
Sol. Two given A.P are 63, 65, 67,… and 3, 10, 17,…. Therefore, A.P. will be 4, 10, 16, 22, …
Taking the first A.P. 17. Find the 20th term from the last term of the A.P.
63, 65, 67, …, we have 3, 8, 13, …, 253.
First term (a) = 63 and Sol. The given A.P. is 3, 8, 13, …, 253
Common difference (d) = a2 – a1 = 65 – 63 = 2 This A.P. can be written in reverse order as
nth term of an A.P is given by: an = a + (n–1)d 253, 248, 243, …, 13, 8, 3
⸫ an = 63 + (n – 1)2 = 63 + 2n – 2 Therefore, for the new A.P., first term (a) = 253,
an = 61 + 2n ...(1) common difference (d) = 248 – 253 = –5
Now taking second A.P., and n = 20
3, 10, 17, …, we have Hence, by using nth term formula, we get
First term (a) = 3 an = a + (n – 1)d
Common difference (d) = a2 – a1 = 10 – 3 = 7 a20 = a + (20 – 1)d
Therefore, a20 = 253 + (19)(–5)
nth term of this A.P.
a20 = 253 – 95
an = a + (n – 1)d
a = 158
an = 3 + 7n – 7
Hence, 20th term from the last term of the A.P. 3, 8,
an = 7n – 4 ...(2) 13, …, 253 is 158.
Also, it is given that nth term of these AP's are equal
18. The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24
to each other. and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is 44. Find
⇒ 61 + 2n = 7n – 4 (from eq (1) and (2)) the first three terms of the A.P.

10 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW

Sol. We know that, an = a + (n − 1) d Let after nth year, his salary be Rs 7000.
a4 = a + (4 − 1) d Therefore, an = a + (n − 1) d
a4 = a + 3d 7000 = 5000 + (n − 1) 200
Similarly, 200(n − 1) = 2000
a8 = a + 7d (n − 1) = 10
a6 = a + 5d n = 11
a10 = a + 9d Therefore, in 11th year, his salary will be Rs 7000.
Given that, a4 + a8 = 24 20. Ramkali saved Rs. 5 in the first week of a year
a + 3d + a + 7d = 24 and then increased her weekly saving by Rs. 1.75.
If in the nth week, her weekly savings become
2a + 10d = 24
Rs. 20.75, find n.
a + 5d = 12  …(1)
Sol. Given that, a = 5, d = 1.75 and an = 20.75. n = ?
a6 + a10 = 44

an = a + (n − 1) d
a + 5d + a + 9d = 44
20.75 = 5 + (n – 1)1.75

2a + 14d = 44
15.75 = (n – 1)1.75
a + 7d = 22  …(2)
15.75 1575
On subtracting equation (1) from (2), we obtain (n −=1) =
1.75 175
2d = 22 − 12 63

= = 9
2d = 10 7
d=5 n − 1 =9

From equation (1), we obtain

n = 10

a + 5d = 12 Hence, n is 10.
a + 5 (5) = 12
a + 25 = 12
Exercise-3
a = −13 1. Find the sum of the following APs:
a2 = a + d = − 13 + 5 = −8 (i) 2, 7, 12, ......, to 10 terms.
a3 = a2 + d = − 8 + 5 = −3 (ii) – 37, – 33, – 29, ….., to 12 terms.
Therefore, the first three terms of this A.P. are −13, (iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8 , ....., to 100 terms.
−8, and −3. 1 1 1
(iv) , , , ......, to 11 terms.
19. Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual 15 12 10
salary of Rs. 5000 and received an increment of Sol. (i) First term (a) = 2,
Rs. 200 each year. In which year did his income common difference (d) = a2 – a1 = 7 – 2 = 5
reach Rs. 7000? and n = 10
We know that, the sum of n terms of an A.P. is
Sol. It can be observed that the incomes that Subba Rao
given by,
obtained in various
n
years are in A.P. as every year, his salary is increased S n =  2a + ( n − 1) d 
2
by Rs 200.
10
⸫ S10 =  2 ( 2 ) + (10 − 1) × 5
Therefore, the salaries of each year after 1995 are 2
5000, 5200, 5400, … [⸪ n = 10, d = 5, a = 2]
Here, a = 5000 and d = 200 = 5 × 49 = 245.

Arithmetic Progressions 11
 (ii) −37, −33, −29 ,…, to 12 terms 11  2 1  11  4 + 5 
=
+ =
For this A.P., a = −37, d = a2 − a1 = (−33) − 2 15 6  2  30 
(−37) = − 33 + 37 = 4
n = 12  11  9  33
= =
 
n  2  30  20
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ] 2. Find the sums given below:
2
12 1
S12= [2(−37) + (12 − 1)4] (i) 7 + 10 + 14 + ...... + 84
2 2
= 6[–74 + 11 × 4] (ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ...... + 10
(iii) – 5 + (– 8) + (– 11) + ...... + (– 230)
= [–74 + 44] 1
Sol. (i) The given A.P is 7 + 10 + 14 + ...... + 84
2
= 6(–30) = –180
⸫ First term (a) = 7, an = 84 and
(iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8 ,…, to 100 terms 1 7
common difference (d) = a2 – a1= 10 − 7=
For this A.P., a = 0.6, d = a2 − a1 = 1.7 − 0.6 2 2
= 1.1 and n = 100 th
We know that n term of an A.P is given by,
We know that an = a + (n – 1)d
n 7
S=n [2a + (n − 1)d ] 84 = (n – 1) × ⇒ n – 1 = 24
2 2
100 n = 25
S100
= [2(0.6) + (100 − 1)1.1]
2
22 = n – 1 ⇒ n = 23
= 50[1.2 + (99) × (1.1)]
Also, sum of n term of an A.P is given by,
= 50[1.2 + 108.9]
= 50[110.1] n

Sn = (a + l)
2
= 5505
25 2275
1 1 1
Sn = (7 + 84) =  [⸪ l = 84]
(iv) , , , ………, to 11 terms 2 2
15 12 10
1
For this A.P.,
Sn = 1137 .
2
1 (ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ……….. + 10
a=

15 For this A.P., a = 34, d = a2 − a1 = 32 − 34

n = 11 = −2 and l = 10
1 1 Let 10 be the nth term of this A.P. l = a + (n −

d = a2 − a1 = − 1) d
12 15
5−4 1 10 = 34 + (n − 1) (−2)
= =

60 60 −24 = (n − 1) (−2)
We know that, 12 = n − 1

n = 13
n
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ] n
2 =Sn (a + l )
2
11   1  1
S11
=
 2   + (11 − 1)  13
2   15  60  =
(34 + 10)
2
11  2 10  13 × 44
=
+ = = 13 × 22 = 286
2 15 60  2

12 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW

 (iii) (−5) + (−8) + (−11) + ………… + (−230) (ii) Given that, a = 7, a13 = 35
For this A.P., As an = a + (n − 1) d,
a = −5, l = −230 and d = a2 − a1 = (−8) − (−5)
∴ a13 = a + (13 − 1) d

= − 8 + 5 = −3 35 = 7 + 12 d
Let −230 be the nth term of this A.P. 35 − 7 = 12d
l = a + (n − 1)d 28 = 12d

−230 = − 5 + (n − 1) (−3) 7
d=

3
−225 = (n − 1) (−3) n
(n − 1) = 75
Sn
=
[ a + an ]
2

n = 76 n
S13
= [ a + a13 ]
2
n
And, =
sn (a + l ) 13
2 = [7 + 35]
76 2
=
( −5 ) + ( −230 ) 
2  13 × 42
= = 13 × 21 = 273
= 38(–235) 2
(iii) Given that, a12 = 37, d = 3
= –8930
As an = a + (n − 1)d,
3. In an AP
a12 = a + (12 − 1)3

(i) Given a = 5, d = 3, an = 50, find n and Sn.
37 = a + 33
(ii) Given a = 7, a13 = 35, find d and S13.
(iii) Given a12 = 37, d = 3, find a and S12.
a=4
(iv) Given a3 = 15, S10 = 125, find d and a10. n
Sn
=
[ a + an ]
(v) Given d = 5, S9 = 75, find a and a9. 2
(vi) Given a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90, find n and an. 12
Sn
=
[4 + 37]
(vii) Given a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210, find n and d. 2
(viii) Given an = 4, d = 2, Sn = – 14, find n and a. Sn = 6(41)

(ix) Given a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, find d. Sn = 246

(x) Given l = 28, S = 144 and there are total 9 (iv) Given that, a3 = 15, S10 = 125
terms. Find a. As an = a + (n − 1)d,
Sol. (i) It is given that, a = 5, d = 3, an = 50 a3 = a + (3 − 1)d

nth term of an A.P is given by: 15 = a + 2d  …(i)
an = a + (n –1)d ....(i)
n
On putting the values of a, d and an in eq (i), S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ]
2
we get
10
⇒ 50 = 5 + (n – 1) × 3 S10=
[2a + (10 − 1)d ]
2
⇒ 3(n – 1) = 45
125 = 5(2a + 9d)
⇒ n = 16
25 = 2a + 9d ...(ii)
Also, sum of n terms of an A.P is given by:
n On multiplying equation (i) by 2, we obtain
Sn = (a + an) 30 = 2a + 4d  …(iii)
2
16 On subtracting equation (iii) from (ii), we
⸫ Sn = (5 + 50) = 440 [⸪ an = 50]
2 obtain
Arithmetic Progressions 13
 −5 = 5d Either n − 5 = 0 or 4n + 18 = 0

d = −1 18 9
n = 5 or n =− = −
From equation (i), 4 2
However, n can neither be negative nor
15 = a + 2(−1)
fractional.
15 = a − 2
Therefore, n = 5

a = 17
an = a + (n − 1)d


a10 = a + (10 − 1)d
a5 = 2 + (5 − 1)8


a10 = 17 + (9) (−1)
= 2 + (4) (8)

a10 = 17 − 9 = 8
= 2 + 32 = 34
(v) It is given that, d = 5, S9 = 75 (vii) Given that, a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210
Sum of n terms of an AP is given by: n

Sn
= [ a + an ]
n 2
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 n
210
= [8 + 62]
9 2
⸫ S9 = [2a + (9 – 1)5]
2 n
210 = (70)
9 2
75 = × 2 ( a + 20 )
2
n=6
25 = 3(a + 20) an = a + (n − 1)d

−35 62 = 8 + (6 − 1)d
=a
3 62 − 8 = 5d
Also, nth term of an A.P is given by: 54 = 5d

an = a + (n – 1)d 54
d=
⸫ a9 = a + (9 – 1)(5) 5
(viii) It is given that, an = 4, common difference
35  35 
− + 8 ( 5)
=
 a =
−  (d) = 2, sum of n terms (Sn) = –14.
3  3 
nth term of an A.P is given by

( −35 + 120 ) 85
= = an = a + (n –1)d,
...(i)
.
3 3
⸫ 4 = a + (n –1)2 [⸪ an = 4, d = 2]
(vi) Given that, a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90

a + 2n = 6
n
a = 6 – 2n ...(ii)
As S=n [2a + (n − 1)d ]
2
Also, the sum of n terms of an A.P is given by:
n
90 = [4 + (n − 1)8] n
2 Sn = (a + an)
2
90 = n [2 + (n − 1)4] n
⸫ –14 = (a + 4) [⸪ Sn = –14]
2
90 = n [2 + 4n − 4]
–28 = n (6 – 2n + 4)
90 = n (4n − 2) = 4n2 − 2n
[⸪ a = 6 – 2n from eq (ii)]
4n2 − 2n − 90 = 0
–28 = n (– 2n + 10)
4n2 − 20n + 18n − 90 = 0
–28 = – 2n2 + 10n
4n (n − 5) + 18 (n − 5) = 0 ⇒ 2n2 – 10n – 28 = 0

(n − 5) (4n + 18) = 0
14 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW
 ⇒ n2 – 5n – 14 = 0 636 = n (4n + 5)
⇒ n2 – 7n + 2n – 14 = 0 4n2 + 5n − 636 = 0
n (n – 7) +2 (n – 7) = 0 4n2 + 53n − 48n − 636 = 0
(n – 7)(n + 2) = 0
n (4n + 53) − 12 (4n + 53) = 0
⸫ (n – 7) = 0 or (n + 2) = 0
(4n + 53) (n − 12) = 0
⇒ n = 7 or n = –2
Either 4n + 53 = 0 or n − 12 = 0
As, value of n can never be negative.
−53
Hence, n = 7 =n = or n 12
4
By putting value of n = 7 in eq. (ii), we get
−53
a = 6 – 2n n cannot be . As the number of terms can
4
a = 6 – 2(7) = –8 neither be negative nor
(ix) Given that, a = 3, n = 8, S = 192
fractional, therefore, n = 12 only.
n
S=n [2a + (n − 1)d ] 5. The first term of an AP is 5, the last term is 45
2
and the sum is 400. Find the number of terms
8
192= [2 × 3 + (8 − 1)d ]
and the common difference.
2
Sol. Given that, a = 5, l = 45 and Sn = 400
192 = 4 [6 + 7d]
n
48 = 6 + 7d Sn
=
(a + l )
2
n
42 = 7d 400
= (5 + 45)
2

d =6 n
400 = (50)

(x) Given that, l = 28, S = 144 and there are total 2
of 9 terms.
n = 16 l = a + (n – 1) d
n
=Sn (a + l ) 45 = 5 + (16 − 1) d

2
9 40 = 15d
144
= (a + 28)
2
40 8
(16) × (2) = a + 28 d
= =
15 3
32 = a + 28
a=4 6. The first and the last term of an AP are 17 and
4. How many terms of the AP: 9, 17, 25 … must be 350 respectively. If the common difference is
taken to give a sum of 636? 9, how many terms are there and what is their
Sol. Let there be n terms of this A.P. sum?
For this A.P., Sol. Given that, a = 17, l = 350 and d = 9
a = 9 and d = a2 − a1 = 17 − 9 = 8
Let there be n terms in the A.P.
n
l = a + (n − 1) d
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ]
2
n 350 = 17 + (n − 1)9
636= [2 × a + (n − 1)8]
2 333 = (n − 1)9
n
636= [18 + (n − 1)8] (n − 1) = 37
2
636 = n [9 + 4n − 4]
n = 38
Arithmetic Progressions 15
 n Sol. It is given that,
Sn
=
(a + l )
2 S7 = 49 and S17 = 289
38 We know that sum of n terms of an A.P is given by:
⇒ S=
n (17 + 350)
= 19(367)
= 6973
2 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
Thus, this A.P. contains 38 terms and the sum of the 2
terms of this A.P. is 6973. 7
⸫ S7 = [2a + (7–1)d]
2
7. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which
7
d = 7 and 22nd term is 149. 49 = [2a + 6d]
2
Sol. d = 7 and a22 = 149. S22 =?
a + 3d = 7 ...(i)
an = a + (n − 1)d
Similarly,
a22 = a + (22 − 1)d

17
S17 = [2a + (17 – 1)d]
149 = a + 21 × 7 2
149 = a + 147 17
289 = (2a+16d)

a=2 2
2
Sn
=
n
( a + an ) 289 × = 2 ( a + 8d )
17
2
22 17 = (a + 8d)
=
(2 + 149)
2 a + 8d = 17 ...(ii)
= 11(151) = 1661 On subtracting equation (i) from eq. (ii), we get
5d = 10  ⇒ d = 2
8. Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose
second and third terms are 14 and 18 respectively. On putting value of d = 2 in eq. (i), we get
Sol. Given that, a2 = 14 and a3 = 18 a + 3(2) = 7
a+6=7 ⇒ a=1
d = a3 − a2 = 18 − 14 = 4

Therefore, sum of n terms of an A.P is given by,
a2 = a + d

n
14 = a + 4 S n =  2a + ( n − 1) d 
2

a = 10 n
=  2 (1) + ( n − 1) × 2   [⸪ a = 1 and d = 2]
n 2
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ] n n
2 = ( 2 + 2n − 2 ) = ( 2n )
2 2
51
S51=
[2 × 10 + (51 − 1)4] Sn = n2
2
10. Show that a1, a2 …, an, … forms an AP where
51
=
[20 + (50)(4)] an is defined as below:
2
(i) an = 3 + 4n
51(220) (ii) an = 9 – 5n
= 51(110)
=
2 Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each
= 5610 case.
Sol. (i) an = 3 + 4n
9. If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that
a1 = 3 + 4(1) = 7
of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of first n terms.

16 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW


a2 = 3 + 4(2) = 3 + 8 = 11 11. If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 4n – n2,

a3 = 3 + 4(3) = 3 + 12 = 15 what is the first term? What is the sum of first
two terms? What is the second term? Similarly,
a4 = 3 + 4(4) = 3 + 16 = 19

find the 3rd, the 10th and the nth term.
It can be observed that
Sol. It is given that sum of first n terms (Sn) = 4n – n2

a2 − a1 = 11 − 7 = 4
⸫ First term, a = S1 = 4(1) – (1)2 = 3
a3 − a2 = 15 − 11 = 4

Sum of first two terms = S2 = 4(2) – (2)2 = 4
a4 − a3 = 19 − 15 = 4

i.e., ak + 1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, and, second term, a2 = S2 – S1 = 1
this is an AP with common difference as 4 and Common difference, d = a2 – a = 1 – 3 = –2
first term as 7. We know that nth term of an A.P is given by,
n an = a + (n – 1)d
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ]
2
= 3 + (n – 1)(–2)
15
S=
15 [2(7) + (15 − 1)4] = 3 – 2n + 2
2
= 5 – 2n
15
= [(14) + 56] Thus a3 = 5 – 2(3) = 5 – 6 = –1
2
15 and, a10 = 5 – 2(10) = 5 – 20 = –15
= (70)
2 Hence, the sum of first two terms is 4. The second
term of A.P is 1.
= 15 × 35 = 525
And, the 3rd, the 10th, and the nth terms of A.P are
(ii) an = 9 − 5n
–1, –15, and 5 – 2n respectively.
a1 = 9 − 5 × 1 = 9 − 5 = 4
12. Find the sum of first 40 positive integers divisible
a2 = 9 − 5 × 2 = 9 − 10 = −1
by 6.
a3 = 9 − 5 × 3 = 9 − 15 = −6
Sol. The positive integers that are divisible by 6 are
a4 = 9 − 5 × 4 = 9 − 20 = −11
It can be observed that 6, 12, 18, 24 …
a2 − a1 = − 1 − 4 = −5 It can be observed that these are making an A.P.
a3 − a2 = − 6 − (−1) = −5 whose first term is 6 and common difference is 6.
a4 − a3 = − 11 − (−6) = −5
a = 6 and d = 6
i.e., ak + 1 − ak is same every time. Therefore, S40 =?

this is an A.P. with common difference as −5
and first term as 4. n
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ]
n 2
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ] 40
2 S=
40 [2(6) + (40 − 1)6]
2
15
=
S15 [2(4) + (15 − 1)(−5)] = 20[12 + (39) (6)]
2
15 = 20(12 + 234)
= [8 + 14(−5)]
2 = 20 × 246
15 = 4920
=
(8 − 70)
2 13. Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8.
15 Sol. The multiples of 8 are
= (−62) =15(−31)

2
8, 16, 24, 32…
= –465
Arithmetic Progressions 17
 These are in an A.P., having first term as 8 and 15. A contract on construction job specifies a penalty
common difference as 8. for delay of completion beyond a certain date as
follows: Rs. 200 for the first day, Rs. 250 for the
Therefore, a = 8 and d = 8
second day, Rs. 300 for the third day, etc., the
S15 =?
penalty for each succeeding day being Rs. 50
n more than from the preceding day. How much
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ] money the contractor has to pay as penalty, if he
2
has delayed the work by 30 days.
15
=
[2(8) + (15 − 1)8] Sol. It can be observed that these penalties are in an A.P.
2
having first term as 200 and common difference as
15 50.
=
[16 + 14(8)]
2
a = 200 and d = 50
15
=
(16 + 112) Penalty that has to be paid if he has delayed the
2 work by 30 days
15(128) = S30
=
= 15 × 64 = 960
2 30
=
[2(200) + (30 − 1)50]
14. Find the sum of the odd numbers between 0 and 2
50. = 15 [400 + 1450]
Sol. Odd numbers between 0 and 50 are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 … = 15 (1850)
49. = 27750
We can see that this sequence of odd numbers form Therefore, the contractor has to pay Rs. 27750 as
on A.P. penalty.
Therefore, 16. A sum of Rs. 700 is to be used to give seven cash
First term (a) = 1 prizes to students of a school for their overall
Common difference (d) = 2 academic performance. If each prize is Rs. 20
Last term (l) = 49 less than its preceding prize, find the value of
each of the prizes.
On using the formula of last term, we get
Sol. Let us suppose the cost of 1st prize be ` P.
l = a + (n – 1)d
49 = 1 + (n – 1)2 [⸪ l = 49, a = 1, d = 2] Then, cost of 2nd prize = ` P – 20

48 = 2(n – 1) And cost of 3rd prize = ` P – 40

⇒ n – 1 = 24 We see that the cost of these prizes form an A.P.,

having P as first term and –20 as common difference.
⇒ n = 25 = Number of terms
Therefore, a = P and d = –20
Hence, there are 25 odd numbers between 0 and 50.
Also, it is given that, S7 = 700
Also, sum of n terms of an A.P is given by,
Hence, by using the formula of sum of n term Sn ,
n we get
Sn = (a + l)
2
n
25 [2a + (n – 1)d] = Sn
S25 = (1 + 49) [a = 1, l = 49] 2
2 7
⇒ [2a + (7 – 1)d] = 700 [⸪ S7 = 700]
= (25)(25) 2
= 625  2a + ( 6 )( −20 ) 
⇒ 100
=
Therefore, the sum of the odd numbers between 0 2
and 50 is 625.
18 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW
 ⇒ a + 3(–20) = 100 ⇒ a = 160 Sol. We know,
Hence, the value of each of the prizes was ` 160, Perimeter of a semi-circle = πr
` 140, ` 120, ` 100, ` 80, ` 60, and ` 40. Hence,
17. In a school, students thought of planting trees in π
and around the school to reduce air pollution. It P1 = π(0.5) = cm
2
was decided that the number of trees, that each
P2 = π(1) = π cm
section of each class will plant, will be the same
as the class in which they are studying, e.g., a π
P3 = π(1.5) = 3 cm
section of class I will plant 1 tree, a section of 2
class II will plant 2 trees and so on till class XII. Here, P1, P2, P3 are the lengths of the semi-circles.
There are three sections of each class. How many Therefore, we obtain a sequence as follows
trees will be planted by the students? π 3π
, π, , 2π...
Sol. It can be observed that the number of trees planted by 2 2
the students is in an AP. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5………………..12 π
Here, P1 = cm = a = a1,
2

First term, a = 1
P2 = π cm = a2

Common difference, d = 2 − 1 = 1
and Common difference (d) = P2 – P1 or a2 – a1
n π π
S=
n [2a + (n − 1)d ] =π– =
2 2 2
12 The sum of n terms of an A.P is given by,
S=
12 [2(1) + (12 − 1)(1)]
2 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
= 6 (2 + 11) = 6 (13) = 78 2
Therefore, number of trees planted by 1 section of Hence, sum of the length of 13 consecutive circles
the classes = 78 is,
Number of trees planted by 3 sections of the classes 13   π  π
S13
= 2   + (13 − 1) 
= 3 × 78 = 234 2   2  2
Therefore, 234 trees will be planted by the students.
13
18. A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, =
[ π + 6π]
2
with centres alternately at A and B, starting
with centre at A of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 13
=
( 7π )
2.0 cm, ……… as shown in figure. What is the 2
total length of such a spiral made up of thirteen 13 22
22 = ×7×
consecutive semicircles? (Take π = ) 2 7
7
= 143 cm
[Hint : Length of successive semicircles is I1, I2, I3,
I4,... with centres at A, B, A, B, . . ., respectively.] Therefore, the total length of such a spiral made up
I3 of thirteen consecutive semicircles is 143 cm.
19. 200 logs are stacked in the following manner:
I1 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in the next row,
18 in the row next to it and so on. In how many
rows are the 200 logs placed and how many logs
A B
are in the top row?

I2

I4

Arithmetic Progressions 19
Sol. Here, we can see that the number of logs arranged the bucket, runs back to pick up the next potato,
in rows form an A.P. i.e., 20, 19, 18… runs to the bucket to drop it in, and she continues
Hence, for the given A.P., in the same way until all the potatoes are in the
First term i.e., a is 20 and common difference, bucket. What is the total distance the competitor
d = a2 – a1 = 19 – 20 = –1 has to run?

Now, let us assume a total of 200 logs is placed in [Hint: to pick up the first potato and the second
'n' number of rows. potato, the total distance (in metres) run by a
competitor is 2 × 5 + 2 × (5 + 3)]
Therefore, Sn = 200
Sol. It is given that the distances of potatoes from the
We know that the sum of n terms of an A.P is given
bucket are 5, 8, 11, 14…, which forms an A.P.
by,
n Distance run by the competitor for collecting the
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] potatoes are two times of the distance at which the
2
n potatoes have been kept.
⸫ 200 = [2(20) + (n – 1)(–1)]
2 Therefore, distances to be run to collet potatoes are
[⸪ Sn = 200, d = –1, a = 20] 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, ......
400 = n (40 – n + 1) Therefore, the first term of A.P. (a) = 10 and
400 = 41n – n2 d = 16 – 10 = 6
⇒ n2 – 41n + 400 = 0
S10 = ?
⇒ n2 – 16n – 25n + 400 = 0
The total distance the competitor has to run can be
⇒ n(n – 16) – 25(n – 16) = 0
calculated by using the formula of sum of n terms,
⇒ (n – 16)(n – 25) = 0 as follows:
i.e., (n – 16) = 0 or n – 25 = 0
n
n = 16 or n = 25 S10 = [2(10) + (n – 1)(6)] [⸪ a = 10, d = 6]
2
Also, we know that the nth term of an A.P is given = 5[20 + 54] = 370
by,
Hence, the competitor has to run a total distance of
an = a + (n – 1)d 370 m.
⸫ a16 = 20 + (16 – 1)(–1) [⸪ a = 20, d = –1]
a16 = 5 Exercise-4 (Optional)
In the similar way,
1. Which term of the AP: 121, 117, 113, ......, its first
a25 = 20 +(25 – 1)(–1)
negative term? [Hint: Find n for an < 0]
= 20 + 24 (–1) = –4
Sol. The given AP series is 121, 117, 113, ......
As, the number of logs can never be negative, Hence,
Therefore, first term (a) = 121
200 logs can be placed in 16 number of rows and
the number of logs present in the 16th row is 5. and, common difference (d) = 117 – 121= –4
20. In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting nth term of an A.P is given by formula,
point, which is 5 m from the first potato and an = a + (n – 1)d
other potatoes are placed 3 m apart in a straight Hence,
line. There are ten potatoes in the line. an = 121 + (n – 1)(– 4)
= 121 – 4n + 4
= 125 – 4n
Let nth term be the first negative term,
A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up Then, an < 0
the nearest potato, runs back with it, drops it in ⸫ we try to find n here.

20 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW

 ⇒ 25 – 4n < 0 n
125 < 4n Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
1
125 If, a = 1 and d =
n> 2
4
Then, the sum of first 16 terms is
n > 31.25
16  1
Hence, 32nd term is the first negative term of the S=
16  2 × 1 + (16 − 1) 
given A.P. 2 2

2. The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an 16  4 + (16 − 1)1   4 + 15 
AP is 6 and their product is 8. Find the sum of
=S16  =  8=  76
2 2   2 
first sixteen terms of the AP. 1
And if, a = 5 and d = –
Sol. It is given that, 2
a3 + a7 = 6 ...(1) The sum of first 16 terms is
And 16   −1   5
S=
16  2 × 5 + (16 − 1)  =  8  =  20
a3 × a7 = 8 ...(2) 2  2  2
⸪ an = a + (n – 1)d 3. A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart. (see Fig.). The
⇒ a3 = a + 2d ...(3) rungs decrease uniformly in length from 45 cm
at the bottom to 25 cm at the top. If the top
⇒ a7 = a + 6d ...(4) 1
and the bottom rungs are 2 m apart, what is
On putting values of eq. (3) and (4) in eq. (1), we 2
have the length of the wood required for the rungs?
(a + 2d) + (a + 6d) = 6 250
[Hint: Number of rungs = + 1 ].
2a + 8d = 6 25
a + 4d = 3 or
a = 3 – 4d ...(5)
25cm
Now, on putting the values of eq. (3) and (4) in eq
(2), we get
(a + 2d) × (a + 6d) = 8
using eq. (5), we get
(3 – 4d + 2d) × (3 – 4d + 6d) = 8 1
2 2 m
(3 – 2d) × (3 + 2d) = 8
32 – (2d)2 = 8
9 – 4d2 = 8
25cm
–4d2 = 8 – 9
45cm
4d2 = 1
1 1 Sol. It is given that,
=d or −
2 2
Distance between the rungs of the ladder = 25cm.
On putting the values of d in eq (5), we get
It is also given that, distance between the top rung
1 1 1 5
a = 3 – 4d = 3 – 4   = 3 – 2 = 1, if d = and bottom rung of the ladder = 2 m = ×100 cm
2 2 2 2
 1 1 = 250 cm
a = 3 – 4d = 3 – 4  −  = 3 + 2 = 5, if d = – 250
 2 2 Hence, total number of rungs= 1 11
+=
25
Sum of n terms of an A.P is given by formula,
It is clear from the figure, that the length of rungs of

Arithmetic Progressions 21
 ladder are decreasing from bottom to top. Hence, it S49 – Sx.
can be concluded that the rungs are decreasing in an
order of A.P. 49 x
=  2 ×1 + ( 49 − 1) × 1 −  2 × 1 + ( x − 1) × 1
The length of the wood required for the rungs would 2 2
be equal to the sum of the terms of A.P. so formed. 49 x
= [ 2 + 48] − [ 2 + x − 1]
Here, first term (a) = 45 2 2
Last term (l) = 25 49 x
= × 50 − [ x + 1]
Number of terms (n) = 11 2 2
As, sum of n terms of an A.P is given by formula, x ( x + 1)
n = 1225 −
Sn = (a + l) 2
2
According to the given condition, eq.(1) and eq(2)
Therefore,
must be equal to each other. Hence,
11 11
S11 = (45 + 25) = (70) = 385 cm x ( x − 1) x ( x + 1)
2 2 = 1225 −
Therefore, the length of the wood required for the 2 2
rungs is 385 cm.
x2 x x2 x
4. The houses of a row are numbered consecutively − = 1225 − −
2 2 2 2
from 1 to 49. Show that there is a value of x
such that the sum of the numbers of the houses x2 = 1225
preceding the house numbered x is equal to the x = ±35
sum of the numbers of the houses following it.
The number of houses can never be negative.
Find this value of x.
Therefore, the value of x is 35.
[Hint: Sx
–1 = S49 – Sx]
5. A small terrace at a football ground comprises
Sol. It is given that, of 15 steps each of which is 50 m long and built
The houses of a row are numbered from 1, 2, 3, 4, 1
of solid concrete. Each step has a rise of m
5…….49. 4
1
Hence, the houses numbered in a row form an A.P and a tread of m. (see Fig.). Calculate the total
2
Therefore, volume of concrete required to build the terrace.
[Hint : Volume of concrete required to build the
First term, i.e., (a) = 1
1 1
Common difference, i.e., (d) = 1 first step = × × 50m 3 ]
4 2
n
Sum of n terms of AP = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
Sum of number of houses preceding x house = Sx–1
1
m
x −1 2
Sx–1 =  2a + ( ( x − 1) − 1)d )  1m 50m
2  4

= x − 1  2 (1) + ( x − 1 − 1)1 Sol. From the given figure, we can see that the height of
2  
1 1 1 1
x −1 x −1 first step is m, height of second step is + =m
4 4 4 2
= [ 2 + x − 2] = ( x)  ...(1)
2 2 1 1 1 3
and that of third step is + + =m
According to the question, 4 4 4 4
1
Sum of number of houses following xth house is Clearly, height of each step is increasing by m.
4

22 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW

 Thus the height of steps form an A.P.: e.g. 25 25 75
, , ....
1 1 3 4 2 4
, , ,1, .....
4 2 4 Here,
25
Also, Volume of steps = Volume of Cuboid First term, i.e., a =
4
   = Length × Breadth × Height 25 25 25
Common difference, i.e., d = – =
2 4 4
Therefore,
Now, sum of n terms of an A.P is given by formula,
Volume of concrete required to build the Ist step n
S n =  2a + ( n − 1) d 
1 1 25 2
= × × 50 =
4 2 4 15  25 25 
S n=  2 × + (15 − 1) 
Volume of concrete required to build the IInd step 2 4 4
1 1 25 15  25 25 × 14  15  25 25 × 7 
= × × 50 = =  + = +
2 2 2 22 4  2  2 2 
Volume of concrete required to build the IIIrd step =
15  25 175  15 × 200
3 1 75 =  + =
= × × 50 = 2 2 2  4
4 2 4
Again, the volumes of concrete required to build the = 750 m3
steps form an A.P. i.e. Volume of concrete required = 750 m3

Arithmetic Progressions 23