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Lecture 3-1

Ghj

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Matovu Herbert
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8 views

Lecture 3-1

Ghj

Uploaded by

Matovu Herbert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Modulation

Advantages of Digital Modulation


 Spectral efficiency – use of a narrow bandwidth to send a large amount
of data
- Effective use of limited frequency resources
 Good privacy and security features
- Digital encryption techniques may be employed
 Lower power consumption
 Quicker system compatibility
 Better quality communication
 Reduced device size
- Because of use of ICs
Digital-to-analog modulation

Types of digital-to-analog modulation


Aspects of digital-to Analog conversion

Bit Rate / Baud Rate


 Bit rate is the number of bits per second. Baud rate is the number
of signal units per second. Baud rate is less than or equal to the bit
rate.
 Bit rate is important in computer efficiency
 Baud rate is important in data transmission.
 Baud rate determines the bandwidth required to send signal
 Baud rate = bit rate / # bits per signal unit

 An analog signal carries 4 bits in each signal unit. If 1000 signal units are
sent per second, find the baud rate and the bit rate
 Baud rate = 1000 bauds per second (baud/s) Bit rate = 1000 x 4 = 4000
bps
 The bit rate of a signal is 3000. If each signal unit carries 6 bits, what is
the baud rate?
 Baud rate = 3000/6 =500 bauds/sec
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

PSK is limited by the ability of the equipment to distinguish


between small differences in phases.
 Limits the potential data rate.
Quadrature amplitude modulation is a combination of ASK and
PSK so that a maximum contrast between each signal unit (bit,
dibit, tribit, and so on) is achieved.
 We can have x variations in phase and y variations of amplitude
 x • y possible variation (greater data rates)
Numerous variations. (4-QAM, 8-QAM)

# of phase shifts > # of amplitude shifts


MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

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