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Science
Quarter 4
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

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‘Name: ________________________ Grade & Section _______________Subject: Science10
Teacher: _______________________ Score: ____________

Lesson : Quarter 4 Week 1; LAS 1

Activity Title : Crossword Puzzle
Learning Target : To identify the different characteristics of gases in Kinetic Molecular Theory
(KMT)
References : Science 10 Learner’s Material, MELC (S9MT-IIj-20)
LAS Writers : Mariegold Ann J. Japitana and Johna Jane C. Fuentes
Scientists have observed some activities involving gases. They found out that the behavior of
gases is determined by the behavior of its individual particle. In 1870, scientists formulated the
Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) using a simple model of an ideal gas or a theoretical gas. The
particles of an ideal gas behave consistently and in a predictable manner.
According to the kinetic Molecular Theory of gases, a gas has the following characteristics:
1. Gases consist of very tiny particles, each of which has mass. Gases are most likely empty space
because of a wide distance between these tiny particles. Thus, gases are highly compressible and
have low density. Note that the density of gases varies with changes in temperature and pressure.
2. Gas particles move rapidly in straight lines, travel constantly, and in random directions.
3. Gases diffuse rapidly that allows two or more gases to mix readily when combined.
4. The forces of attraction (Van der Waals Force) between the particles of gases are negligible
because of the wide spaces between them.
5. Gas particles collide with each other or with the walls of its container but do not lose their kinetic
energy; instead, it is only transferred to the lower-energy particle and will continue to move. In this
manner, energy is conserved in an elastic collision of gas particles.
6. All gases have the same average kinetic energy at a given temperature of gas. The average
kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. This
means that gas particles might have higher kinetic energy at a higher temperature or vice versa.

Activity 1: Crossword Puzzle

Direction: Find the words which pertains to Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases in the puzzle. Loop
the words horizontally and vertically.

B. Complete each statement below by filling in the blanks with the correct words found from the
puzzle.
1. Gases, like any other states of matter, consist of very tiny ________________, each of which has
mass that are very far from each other. Thus, making gases high compressible and have low
density.
2. Gas particles move rapidly in straight lines, travel constantly in __________ directions.
3. Gases diffuse rapidly that allows two or more gases to mix readily when combined. Because of
the wide spaces between gas particles, the forces of attraction between them are
__________________.
4. The ________________ is conserved in elastic collision of gas particles. Thus, particles of gases
that collide each other or with the walls of its container do not lose kinetic energy, instead, it is only
transferred to the lower-energy particle and continue to move.
5. The average ______________ energy of gas particles is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature of the gas.
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Name: _________________________ Grade & Section _______________Subject : Science 10
Teacher : _______________________ Score: ____________

Lesson : Quarter 4 Week 1; LAS 2

Activity Title : Volume and Pressure Relationship at constant Temperature
Learning Target : To explain the relationship between volume and pressure at constant
temperature using Boyle’s Law.
References : Science 10 Learner’s Material , MELC (S9MT-IIj-20)
LAS Writers : Mariegold Ann J. Japitana and Johna Jane C. Fuentes
The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature was
first stated by Robert Boyle during the 16th century. He performed an experiment wherein he
trapped a fixed amount of air in the J-tube, he changed the pressure and controlled the
temperature and then, he observed its effect to the volume of the air inside the J-tube. He found
out that as the pressure increased, the volume decreases. He finally concluded that the volume
of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature. Then
he proposed Boyle’s Law, which states that the volume of a given mass of gas held at constant
temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure.

Activity 2: Volume and Pressure Relationship at constant Temperature

Direction: Study the illustration in figure 2, then answer the given questions below.

Guide Questions:
1. What is constant in Boyle’s law? _________________
2. What are changed after pushing the cover of the jar? _____________________ and
_________________
3. Pulling up the cover of the jar makes the __________________ increased, and the
_____________________ decreased.
4. Pushing down the cover of the jar causes _______________ to decrease and
______________ to increase.
5. The same number of particles are in a smaller space (less______________), so they strike
the sides of the container more often (more _______________), even though each one has not
changed speed (at constant temperature).

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Name: _________________________ Grade & Section ________________ubject : Science 10
Teacher : _______________________ Score: ____________

Lesson : Quarter 4 Week 1; LAS 3

Activity Title : Solving Problem Applying Boyle’s Law
Learning Target : To solve problem applying Boyle’s Law
References : Science 10 Learner’s Material , MELC (S9MT-IIj-20)
LAS Writers : Mariegold Ann J. Japitana and Johna Jane C. Fuentes
Gas particles have a very weak intermolecular force of attraction hence they move as far
as possible from each other. They have the tendency to occupy all the spaces they are
contained in. If the pressure is increased, the volume will be decreased forcing the gas particles
to move closer to one another. The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, if
the temperature and amount of a gas are held constant. The Boyle’s Law formula: P1V1=P2V2

Where: V= volume, P= pressure, T= temperature and n= amount of gas.

Common units used for pressure are: atmosphere (atm), torr and mmHg
1 atm = 760 mmHg.

Example. A balloon with a volume of 2.0 L is filled with a gas at 3 atmospheres. If the pressure
is reduced to 0.5 atmospheres without a change in temperature, what would be the volume of
the balloon?
P1V1 = P2V2
P1 = initial pressure V1 = initial volume
P2 = final pressure V2 = final volume to find the final volume, solve the equation for V2:

Given: Solution:

V2=P1V1/P2
= (3atm)( 2.0 L)
0.5 atm
= 6 L / 0.5
V2= 12 L

Activity 3: Solving Problem Applying Boyle’s Law

Direction: Solve the following problem and show your solutions.

1. Oxygen gas inside a 1.5L gas tank has a pressure of 0.95atm. Provided that the
temperature remains constant, how much pressure is needed to reduce its volume by ½?
2. A fixed amount of a gas occupies a volume of 1L and exerts a pressure of 2 atm on the
walls of its container. What would be the pressure exerted by the gas if it is completely
transferred into a new container having a volume of 3 L (assuming the temperature and
quantity of gas remains constant)?
3. A balloon with a volume of 3.5 L is filled with a gas at 2.5 atmospheres. If the pressure is
reduced to 1.5 atmospheres without a change in temperature, what would be the volume
of the balloon?
4. An ideal gas occupying a 2.0 L flask at 760 mm of Hg is allowed to expand to a volume
of 6,000 mL. Calculate the final pressure in atm.

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Name: _________________________ Grade & Section _______________Subject : Science 10
Teacher : _______________________ Score: ____________

Lesson : Quarter 4 Week 1; LAS 4

Activity Title : Pressure-Volume Relationship at Constant Temperature of a Gas
Learning Target : To identify the relationship of volume against pressure at constant
temperature in a graph.
References : Science 10 Learner’s Material, MELC (S9MT-IIj-20)
LAS Writers : Mariegold Ann J. Japitana and Johna Jane C. Fuentes

According to Boyle's Law, the pressure of a gas with constant mass is inversely proportional to
its volume provided the temperature of the gas is kept constant. Observe the illustrations on
figure 1 above.
i. The graph of Boyle's law is known as pressure-volume graph or PV curve. The curve is called
PV curve, and it is hyperbolic in nature. As observed from the graph above, pressure increases
with a decrease in volume, and vice versa.
ii. Pressure is inversely proportional to volume. The graph of pressure vs inverse volume is a
straight line passing through the origin and having the positive slope, k.
iii. The graph above is a straight line parallel to the x-axis. This proves the product of pressure
and volume at a constant temperature and amount of gas is constant. The lines in the graph are
independent of volume (or pressure).

Activity 4: Pressure-Volume Relationship at Constant Temperature of a Gas

Materials: Graphing paper or the back portion of this Activity Sheet, pencil and ruler.
Procedures:
1. Plot the data in table 1 in a graphing paper or in a separate clean sheet of paper.
2. Label the graph with Volume (Y-axis), and the pressure (X-axis).
3. Use the following scale in plotting the data on the graph:
1 cm for every 0.5 mL, and 1 cm for every 500 mmHg

Guide Questions:
1. Based on the graph, describe the relationship between volume and pressure at constant
temperature.

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Name: _________________________ Grade & Section _______________Subject : Science 10
Teacher : _______________________ Score: ____________

Lesson : Quarter 3 Week 2; LAS 1

Activity Title : Solving Problems applying Charles Law Equation
Learning Target : To solve problems applying Charles Law equation
References : Science 10 Learner’s Material, MELC (S9MT-IIj-20)
LAS Writers : Mariegold Ann J. Japitana and Johna Jane C. Fuentes
Jacques Alexandre Charles, a French physicist, performed an experiment using a balloon, hot
water, and cold water. Based on his observations, he discovered the relationship between the
volume and the temperature of gases at constant pressure. He found out that various gases
expanded by the same amount when heated through the same temperature interval. Through
his observations, he proposed the Charles’ Law which states that the Kelvin temperature and
the volume of a gas are directly related when there is no change in pressure.
In this lesson you have to take note that among the units of temperature, we always express it
in Kelvin (K) temperature. Thus, you need to convert Celsius value to Kelvin, which was named
after Lord Kelvin, a Scottish physicist who has identified the lowest attainable temperature
known as absolute zero with a value -273.15 0C. To convert Celsius to Kelvin you have to use
the equation K=0C + 273.15.
Charles’ Law is mathematically expressed as V∞T or V/T = K, where K is
proportional constant. For a given sample of gas under two different conditions at a
constant pressure, the equation can be written as:

Example 1:
A sample of a gas has a volume of 78.5 mL at 450C. What volume will the sample
occupy at 00C when the pressure is held constant?
Given:
V1= 78.5 mL T1= 45 0C = 45 + 273 = 318 K
V2=? T2= 00C = 0 + 273 = 273 K
Solution :
V2= 78.5 mL ( 273 K)
318 K
V2= 21, 512.4 mL
318
V2 = 67.65 mL
Example 2: Find the final temperature of a sample of nitrogen gas at constant pressure if it
starts at 27 °C and changes volume from 600 mL to 700 mL.
Given: Solution:
T1 = 273 + 27 = 300K V1 = V2 V1 T2 = V2T1 T2= V2T1
V1 = 600 mL T1 T2 V1 V1 V1
V2 = 700 mL T2= V2T1 = (700 mL)(300K) = 210,000K = 350K
V1 600mL 600

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 Activity 1: Solving Problems applying Charles Law Equation

Direction: Solve the following problem applying the Charles Law Equation. Show
your solutions.
1. At 200C, the volume of Chlorine gas is 15mL. Compute for the resulting
volume if the temperature is adjusted to 318K provided that the pressure
remains the same.
2. At 27 °C a gas has a volume of 6 L. What will be the temperature if the volume
increases to 7500 mL?
3. At 210°C a gas has a volume of 8 L. What is the volume of this gas at -23 °C?
4. A gas sample has a volume of fifty liters at 400K, what will be the temperature
of the gas if the volume will reduce to half?

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Name: _________________________ Grade & Section _______________Subject: Science 10
Teacher : _______________________ Score: ____________

Lesson : Quarter 4 Week 2; LAS 2

Activity Title : Absolute Zero
Learning Target : To describe the relationship of volume and temperature at constant
pressure of a gas through observations.
References : Science 10 Learner’s Material, MELC (S9MT-IIj-20)
LAS Writers : Mariegold Ann J. Japitana and Johna Jane C. Fuentes
The concept of Charles’ Law is evident in an inflated balloon that shrinks when placed
inside the refrigerator. It is also applied during cold weather, bicycle tires become flat because
the air inside the bicycle tires shrink. Shrinking of an inflated balloon and a bicycle tire in a very
low temperature show the decrease of volume which explains that the relationship of volume
and temperature is directly related at constant pressure.
Activity 1: Absolute Zero
Materials: 2 deflated balloons (preferably small round ones), 2 water dipper (tabo) or any
plastic bowl , 2 plastic bags.
Directions: Read the procedure and perform the activity religiously then write your
observations in a clean sheet of paper.
Procedure:
1. Pour water into the plastic bags. Tie securely.
2. Inflate two balloons by blowing air into them. Tie securely.
3. Label the two as container 1 and container 2.
4. Fill half of container 1 with hot water and half of container 2 with tap water and chunks of
ice.
5. Place an inflated balloon into each container.
6. Submerged each balloon by placing the plastic bag containing water on top of each
balloon for about 5 to 10 minutes.

Figure 1. A volume -temperature set up

Guide Questions:
1. What is the effect of putting the balloon in cold water on the volume of the gas?
2. What is the effect of putting the balloon in hot water on the volume of the gas?
3. Describe the relationship of volume and temperature based on your observations in
the performed actvity.
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Name: _________________________ Grade & Section _______________Subject : Science 10
Teacher : _______________________ Score: ____________

Lesson : Quarter 4 Week 2; LAS 3

Activity Title : Let’s compute!
Learning Target : To solve problems applying Gay-Lussac’s Law equation.
References : Science 10 Learner’s Material, MELC (S9MT-IIj-20)
LAS Writers : Mariegold Ann J. Japitana and Johna Jane C. Fuentes
When the temperature of a sample of gas in a rigid container is increased, the pressure of the
gas increases as well. The increase in kinetic energy results in the molecules of gas striking the
walls of the container with more force, resulting in a greater pressure. The French chemist
Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778 - 1850) discovered the relationship between the pressure of a gas
and its absolute temperature. Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a given mass of
gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant.
Gay-Lussac's Law is very similar to Charles's Law, with the only difference being the type of
container. Whereas the container in a Charles's Law experiment is flexible, it is rigid in a Gay-
Lussac's Law experiment.

The mathematical equation of Gay-Lussac’s Law;

Example:
The gas in an aerosol can is under a pressure of 3atm at a temperature of 250 C . It is
dangerous to dispose of an aerosol can by incineration. What would the pressure in the aerosol
can be at a temperature of 8450C?

Given: Solution:

P1 = 3.00 atm P2 = P1T2 = (3.00 atm) (1118K) = 11.3 atm

T1 = 250C +273 = 298K T1 298 K
T2 = 845 0C +273 = 1118K

The pressure increases dramatically due to large increase in temperature.

Activity 3: Let’s Compute!

Direction: Solve the problems given below applying Gay-Lussac’s Law equation. Show your
solutions.
1. A certain light bulb containing argon has a pressure of 1.20 atm at 291K. If it will be
heated to 850C at constant volume, what will be the resulting pressure? Is it enough to
cause sudden breakage of the bulb?
2. The Oxygen tank has a pressure of 800mm of Hg at 550C. What will be the pressure if
the temperature is doubled?
3. The pressure of a confined gas is 3.5 atm at 150C. At what temperature in 0C would its
pressure be equal to 2.5 atm?
4. Determine the pressure change when a constant volume of gas at 1 atm is heated from
20 °C to 30 °C.

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Name: _________________________ Grade & Section _______________Subject : Science 10
Teacher : _______________________ Score: ____________

Lesson : Quarter 4 Week 2; M2 LAS 4

Activity Title : Volume, Pressure and Temperature Relationship
Learning Target :To relate volume, pressure and temperature in Combined Gas Law
through problem solving.
References : Science 10 Learner’s Material, MELC (S9MT-IIj-20)
LAS Writers : Mariegold Ann J. Japitana and Johna Jane C. Fuentes
The kinetic-molecular theory assumes that there are no attractive forces between the molecules
and that the volume of the molecules themselves is negligible compared to the volume of the
gas. At high temperatures and low pressures, these assumptions are true and the gases follow
the gas laws very accurately. However, these three laws are true only as long as the pressure
and density are relatively low. When a gas is compressed to the point that the molecular volume
is a significant portion of the gas volume, the gas laws begin to fail. Similarly, when gases
become so dense that the molecules begin to attract each other, the gas laws also fail. These
changes are expressed in the Van der Waals equations.
These three gas laws can be combined into the Combined Gas Law as follows:
PV∝T or PVT=constant
PV∝T or PVT=constant
A commonly used form of the combined gas law states that, for a sample of gas, the ratio of the
product of the original pressure and volume to the original temperature will equal the ratio of the
product of a new pressure and volume to the new temperature, or

Example: Find the volume of a gas at STP when 2 liters is collected at 745 mm Hg and 25
degrees Celsius.
Given:
P 1 = 745.0 mm Hg
V 1 = 2.00 L
T 1 = 298 K
P 2 = 760.0 mm Hg
V 2 = x (the unknown you're solving for)
T 2 = 273 K
Derivation of Formula:

Cross-multiply to clear the fractions.

P 1V 1T 2 = P 2V 2T 1
V 2 = P 1V 1T 2
P 2T 1

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Solution:
V 2 = (745.0 mmHg) (2.00 L) (273 K)
(760 mmHg) ( 298 K)
V 2 = 1.796 L or 1.8 L

Activity 4: Volume, Pressure and Temperature Relationship

Direction: Solve the problems applying the Combined Gas Law Equation
1. An 8.40 L of nitrogen gas at STP (1atm or 760mmHg and 00C) in a flexible container is
decreased to one-half its original pressure, and its absolute temperature is increased to
double the original temperature. What is the new volume?
2. Helium gas has a volume of 250 mL at 00C at 1.0 atm. What will be the final pressure if
the volume is reduced to 100 mL at 450C?
3. The volume of the gas at 270C and 700 mm of Hg is 600 mL. What is the volume of the
gas at -200C and 500 mm of Hg?
4. A 2.5 L of nitrogen gas exerts a pressure of 760 mm of Hg at 473 K. What temperature is
needed to reduce the volume to 1.75 L at 1140 mm of Hg?

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