O

Place Value
CoTmmununicaioEmails, text messaging, video chatting, and social media are some
of the ways we communieate in today's technological world. In India,
the intemet was launehed on 15th August 1995, adding 10,000 users
in six months. By July 2018, India had the second largest number
of intermet users in the world. How many years ago was the internet
introduced in India? How many years did it take to build such a large
number of users?

LoOKING BACK
Lakhs
1,72,404 One lakh, seventy-two thousand, four hundred four

Lakhs Thousands Ones -Period

Lakhs Ten Thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones - Place
1 7 2 4 0 4
1 Lakh 7 Ten thousands 2 Thousands 4 Hundreds 0 Tens 4 Ones

1x1,00,000 7x 10,000 2x 1,000 4x 100 0x 10 4x1

Expanded notation:
How is each column in the

1,00,000+70,000+2,000+400+0+4 place value chart related to

the column to the left of it?
1. Give the place value of the coloured digit.
a. 34,987 b. 63,653 C. 4,10,987 d. 3,09,764
2. Use the digits 5, 6, 3,8, 9, and 1 to:
a. build the greatest number
posible6:3
b. build the smallest number possible.
C. give the expanded notation and number name for both.
3. Compare using>, <, or =.
a. 86,543 9,876 b. 7,01,765 7,10,765
4. Spot the pattern and fill in the blanks.
a. 23567, 2367, 23767, 226224
b. 15098, 25098, 35098, 5 0
LAKHS AND CRORES

7-Digit Numbers Lakhs -

In one year, an Internet Service Provider (ISP) added 13,92,684

new smartphone users to its network.
13,92,684 is a 7-digit number. Let us understand the number
before we try to read it.
Do you remember the largest 6-digit number? 9,99,999 --
- - - . . - -

Ifyou add 1toit, you get the smallest 7-digit number, - > +1
***********.
A7-digitnumber 10,00,000
begins at the ten 10,00,000 is ten lakh.
lakhs place.
e e
These digits tell you how many lakhs.
Lakhs housands Ones
Ten Lakhs Lakhs Ten Thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
(TL) (L) (TTh) (Th) (H) (T) (O)
3 9 2 6 8 4
1 Ten Lakh 3 Lakhs 9Ten Thousands 2Thousands 6 Hundreds 8 Tens 4Ones
1x10,00,000 3x 1,00,000 9x 10,000 2x 1,000 6x 100 810 4x1
Expanded notation: 10,00,000 +3,00,000+90,000 +2,000 +600 +80+4
Read the number with the
help of commas.
These digits tell you how many lakhs.

13,92,684 Try This!

These digits tell you how many thousands. Give the expanded notation and
write in words.
13,92,684 a. 14,00,651
b. 23,45,000
c. 87,23,986

13 lakh 92 thousand 684

In words:Thirteen lakh, ninety-two thousand, six hundred

eighty-four
Common Mistake!
37,68,000
Thirty-seven lakhs sixty-eight thousand x

Thirty-seven lakh, sixty-eight thousand

8-Digit Numbers Crores
A large international online company made 3,67,53,239
sales in one month alone.

Let us understand this 8-digit number.

The largest 7-digit number is 99,99,999
If you add 1 to it, +1 Remember
it becomes one hundred lakh. - - .

100,00,0000 An8-digit number begins with

1 crore
One hundred lakh is also called one crore. the one crore (C) place.
has 7 zeros.
1,00,00,000 is one crore 10 ten lakhs(100 lakhs)
= 1 crore.
This digit tels you how many crores
We put a comma or leave
space to separate
the crores
Take the 8-digit number 3,67,53,239 period from the lakhs period.

Lakhs Thousands Ones

Crores
Hundreds Tens Ones
Crores Ten Lakhs Lakhs Ten Thousands Thousands
(H) (T) (O)
C) (TL) () (TTh) (Th)
7 5 2 3 9
3 6
3 Crores 6 Ten Lakhs 7 Lakhs 5Ten Thousands 3 Thousands 2 Hundreds 3 Tens 9 Ones
3x 7x 5x 3x 2x 3x 9x
6x
1,00,00,000 10,00,000 1,00,000 10,000 1,000 100 10

3,00,00,000 67,00,000 53,000 239

3 crores 67 lakhs 53 thousands 239 onesS

Expandednotation: 3,00,00,.000+60,00,000+7,00,000+50,000+3,000+200+30+9 * * * * * * * *

number
67/53,239 :It is easyto read a

These digitstellyou how many thousands. with three commas. The

first comma says crore, the
These digitstellyou how many lakhs.
second says lakh, and the
This digit tells you how many crores. third, thousand.

In words:Three crore, sixty-seven lakh,

fifty-three thousand, two hundred thirty-nine

Try This!
Give the expanded notation and write in words.
2,00,53,864 b. 7,98,00,000 C. 4,58,18,987
a.

9
Exercise I A
1. Read these statements out aloud.
a. The diameter of the Sun is approximately 13,92,684 km.
b. The Mangalyan was sent by the Indian Space Research
Organisation from Earth to Mars. The distance between
Earth and Mars keeps changing, but at its closest, it is about
5,46,00,000 km.
2. Give the place value of the coloured digit.
a. 89,00,345 b. 30,34,112 C. 87,93,389 d. 2,67,23,592 e. 7,08,19.004
3. Give the word form and the expanded notation for these numbers.
a. 67,09,654 b. 9,83,10,809 C. 2,10,23,008 d. 45,00,091
4. Give the standard numeral for:
a. 4,00,00,000+60,00,000+5,00,000+40,000+200
b. 90,00,000+60,000+3,000+6
C. 6,00,00,000+5,00,000+ 20
d. 30,00,000+9,00,000+7,000+80

Journal . *******************
We use numbers to count (there are 28 You may keep a seperate
people in the room), to identify (my house notebook as your maths
number is 738), or to tell the order of journal. You can use it to
things
(Sabina picked the 9h book on the shelf). express thoughts, ideas, and
Find two more examples of each of the experiences about the dirterent
different ways in which we use numbers. things you have learnt in the
In what other ways can numbers be used? maths class.
' *********"****

Data Connect
In
Open the Data Bank on page 243 and study the data on If you Started real life, we
Reading in Grade 1'. Then answer the questions below.
often come across
1. Read the statements out aloud.
facts and figures called
2. Rewrite the numbers in word form. data. Data Connect
3. Give the
helps
expanded notation for each number. you to understand and
4. Arrange the numbers in use such data.
increasing order.
UNDERSTANDING NUMBERS BETTER Remember
When we read the number
1500 as When we read the number one hundred
one thousand five
1500 ones in the
hundred, we mean that there are or 100, we mean that there are 100 ones
number. in the number.
If we need to find
how many tens are in 1500,
we need to
make the ones into towers of 10.
We find we have 150
tens.
Ifwe need to find how many hundreds are in 1500, D
we need to group the tens
further into 100s, and
we find we have 15 hundreds.
Can you see a
pattern?
1500 1500 ones
1500 150 tens
1500 15 hundreds
Let ustry it with the number 3,00,000.
3,00,000 has 3,00,000 ones, or,
3,00,000 = 30000 tens or
3,00,000=300thousands or
3,00,000 =30 ten thousands or
3,00,000 = 3000 hundreds or
3,00,000 = 3 lakhs
Similarly, the number 42,45,987 has 4,24,598 tens or 42,459 hundreds, and so on.

Challenge!l
Who am 1?
My thousands digit is 4.
My hundreds digit is 4 less than the digit in the thousands place.
The sum of my tens digit and
ones digit is 7.
My tens digit is 3 more than my ones digit.
The digits in the thousands period have a sum of 10.
My first digit is half the digit that immediately follows it.

lam the number.

in words)
 1: Write the number four crore, fifty-three thousand,
one.
Example
Draw the place value chart and fill in the
Then fill in all the vacant places Exercise I
numbers according to the periods and places. with zeros.
How many on=
1.
L TTh Th HT number 8,00,0
C TL
CTL L TTh Th T
2. Write in hgure
40 0 5 3
53 a. Eight lakh
b . Twenty lak
Answer: 4,00,53,001 c. Thirty five
number. You can also call the
Example 2: Find the number before and after a number after 'successor
d. Four crore-
The number after 56,79,999 is 56,80,000.
and the number before 3. Compare usim
The number before 6,78,800 is 6,78,799.
predecessor a. 5.87,90,4
Example 3: What comes next? Look for the pattern.
a. 23,45,678, 23,46,678, 23,47,678, ? C. 8,20,458-

4. Make the sm
b. 40,46,300 41,46,300, 42,46,300, a. 5,8,2,9,
Answer: a. 23,48,678 b. 43,46,300
5. Make the sr
Example4: Make the smallest and greatest possible 7-digit numbers using 7,6, 2, 8, and 0 by
a. 3,6,1,7
repeating the digits.
6. Give the nu
Answer: Smallest: 20,00,678; Greatest: 88,87,620
a. 45,69,5
Example 5: How many numbers have 4 digits?
7. Give the n=
L e t us start byfinding out how many numbers have 1,2, and 3 digits.
a. 9,29,49
We may find a pattern!
a.
a. The smalest one-digit number is 1. You can see that there are 8. If you are
9 one-digit numbers, so given bele
The greatest one-digit number is 9.
put back the extra number numbers
9-18
that was taken away. Do
8+1 9 the same for the rest.
There are 9 one-digit numbers.
b. Smallest 2-digit number is 10.Greatest 2-digit number is 99.
99-10 89
89+ 1 90
There are 90 two-digit numbers.
c. Smallest 3-digit number is 100. Greatest 3-digit number is 999.
999 100= 899
899+1=900 68,
There are 900 three-digit numbers.
Answer:The pattern shows us that there are 9,000 four-digit numbers.
ExereiseB
1. How many ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, and lakhs are there in the
number 8,00,0007
2. Write in figures (with commas).
a.
Eight lakh thirty-nine thousand twenty-three
b. Twenty lakh nine hundred five
C.
Thirty-five thousand eight hundred fifty-seven
d. Four crore thirty-seven lakh nineteen thousand
3. Compare using <,>,or =.
a. 5.87,90,4565.78,23.567 b. 90,40,908 9.04,908
C. 8,20,45,899 8,20,54,899 d. 1,40,10,178 1,40,10,720
4. Make the smallest and the
greatest possible 7-digit numbers.
a. 5,8,2,9,1,1,8 b. 4,7,1,9,0,6,7
5. Make the smallest and the
greatest possible 8-digit numbers by repeating the digits.
a. 3,6,1,7,8,9,2 b. 4,7,1,0, 3,5
6. Give the number before:
a. 45,69,500 b. 87,16,000 C. 5,10,000 d. 20,00,000
7. Give the number after:
a. 9,29,499 b. 79,98,999 C.99,99,999 d. 1,98,97,950
8. If you are 10 years old, you would have lived 52,56,000 minutes. Compare the numbers
given below and match the age to the minutes lived. Do not calculate. Match by putting the
numbers in ascending order.

11 12 13 14 15

68,32,800 73,58,400 57,81,600

63,07,200 78,84,000

13
 NUMBER PATTERNS
Consecutive Numbers
from the smallest
Consecutive numbers are numbers that follow each other in order
This pattern has
difference between them.
number to the largest number and have a fixed
numbers. Complete the pattern.
been made by changing 2-digit numbers to 1-digit
(1+01+1)
11 12 13 14 15 16
16
1 2 3 4A 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
26 27 28 29 30 31 32
32
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

10 2 3

**'**

Add only till you see a

Consecutive Even Numbers pattern, then complete
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 using the pattern.
2 4 6 8 1 3 5
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

Consecutive Odd Numbers

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

PASCAL'S TRIANGLE
Look for a pattern. Extend the
triangle by another two rows.
1 Projeet
Explore consecutive numbers.
11
1. Take 3 consecutive numbers.
1 2 1 5,6,7
Multiply the middle number by itself. 6x6 36
1 3 3 1 Multiply the remaining two numbers. 5x7=35
1 4 6 41 The difference is 1!
(36-35=1)
1 5 10 10 5 1 Do the same with these consecutive
numbers.
a. 3,4,5 b. 2,3,46,7,8 d. 7,8,9
c.
2. Do the same with three consecutive odd numbers
and three consecutive even numbers. What do
you
There are many patterns in this notice?

triangle. Can you spot at least three?

TRIANGULAR NUMBERS AND
Trlangular Numbers SQUARE NUMBERS
Square Numbers O000
O0O O000
OO O00 O000
1 3 O OOO
6
10 1 4
Triangular Numbers: 1,3,
Square Numbers: 1,4,
Try this out!
Colour the
triangular numbers and square
Triangular Numbers numbers
12 3 45 6 7
Square Numbers
89 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 10
11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18
19 20 11
21 22 23 24 25 26 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20
27 28
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
29 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30
41 42 43 44 45 46
39 40 |31 32 33 34 35 36 37
38 39 40
47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
49 50
58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
59 60
68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
69 70
77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87
71 72 73 74 75 76 77
78 79 80
88 89 90 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 88 89 90
99 100 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
98 99 100
Count the boxes between the coloured
numbers. Do you see a
pattern?
ROUNDING
A newly launched education
website had 4000 views during
the first day and 28,000 views in a month.
The fhgures 4000 and 28,000 are not exact figures but they are
close to the exactfigures. They give an idea of about how many
people visited the website. These are called rounded figures.
Rules of Rounding
Revise the rules of rounding given as follows:
When we round a number to the nearest 10, we use the nearest multiple of 10.
When we round a number to the nearest 100, we use the nearest multiple of 100.
When we round a number to the nearest 1,000, we use the nearest multiple of 1,000.
Anumber which is halfway is rounded to the higher multiple.
15
Round using a Number line
1,143
Exercise
a. Round 1,143 to the nearest 10.
Solve. Use a=
First find which two tens the number lies between.
1,145 1,150 1. Round to
Mark the halfway point on the number line. 1,140
number line. a. 46
Place the number to be rounded in the correct place on the 2. Roundt
1,143 is closer to 1,140 on the number line. So 1,143 rounds to 1,140.
a. 649
b. Round 7,750 to the nearest 100. 7,750
3 Round t
7,750 lies betweenthe hundreds 7,700 and 7,800.
a. 2,36-
7,750 is halíway between 7,700 and 7,800.
7,700 7,800 Shadet
As per the rule, 7,750 is rounded to 7,800.
a. 2-di-
C. Round 27,454 to the nearest 1,000. 27,454 b. 3-di
27,454 is between the thousands 27,000 and 28,000. C. 4-d
27,454 is closerto 27,000.
27,000 27,500 28.000
27,454 is rounded to 27,000.
d. You can also think of the number line as a series of hills and valleys.

8,500 9,500 10,500 11,500 12,500

8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000

Imagine a ball at 9,625. It would roll down to the ********************aas******* *e************

number 10,000. In this example, a 4-digit number has

9,625 rounded to the nearest 1,000 is 10,000.

got rounded to a 5-digit number. Challe
a. he
A ball at
12,324 would roll back to 12,000. to th
12,324 rounded to the nearest 1,000 is 12,000. whic
over
cate-
Round using a shortcut num
TTh Th H T 144
Round 17,698 to the nearest 1,000.
Place the number in the place value chart. 17 69 8 b. The
the
Find the digit in the place you are rounding to. is in the thousands
7 place. wh
Look at the digit to its right. 6 is the digit to its
right. cat
Since 6> 5, increase the digit in the thousands place
by one. So 17,698 rounds nu
to 18,000.
41
Exereise1
Solve. Use any method
. Round to the nearestyou like.
a.
10.
46
b. 388
C. 1,014 d. 92407
2. Round to the nearest e. 11,003
a. 649
100.
b. 875
C. 6,850 d. 14,910
3. Round to the nearest e. 58,009
a. 2,364
1000.
b. 9,846
C. 4,096 d. 35,502
4. Shade the e. 97,764
following using a pencil.
a.
2-digit numbers that round to 70 241
700
b. 3-digit numbers that round to 800 360
811 69 99
C.
4-digit numbers that round to 9,000 438 197
8976
4 9356
*o***.
2589 825
Do (9102/
you recognise this icon? 420
What is it called? What do S60 8039180
67
99
you 8010
understand when you see this on 204
717
68 /s60)
a
smartphone or a laptop? 700
180 148 789
874

16

Challenge!
a. The blue oval has numbers which when
rounded
to the nearest 10 is Nearest 10
1450. The red oval has numbers
which when rounded to the nearest 100 is
Nearest 100
1500. The
overlapping part will have numbers that fit into both
categories. Look at the list given below and rewrite the
numbers in their correct place on the shapes.
1445, 1454, 1459, 1471, 1448, 1451
b. The green oval has numbers which when
rounded to
the nearest 100 is 4500. The orange oval has numbers Nearest 100 Nearest 1000
which when round to the nearest 1000 is 4000. The
overlapping part will have numbers that fit into both
categories. Look at the list given below and write the
numbers in their correct place on the shapes.
4143, 4489, 4517, 4475, 3549, 4541

17
 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
Ina popular social media platform 3,40,000 messages are
posted every minute. In India we would read that figure as
three lakh, forty thousand.
Using the international system, we would write it as 340,000
and read it as 'three hundred forty thousand' messages.
5-digit numbers are read the same way in both the Indian
and international systems.
6-digit and greater numbers are read differently in the
Indian and international systems.
International
Indian *************
******

10,000 .-- --5 digits 10,000

Ten thousand 10000 Ten thousand
**************** .. ...... ........... .. ****

1,00,000 ----6 digits-- 100,000

One lakh 100000 ***********
One hundred thousand
**************************************

10,00,000 ---7 digits 1,000,000

Ten lakh 1000000 One million

International system
- Period
Million Thousands Ones
*************'******:*******************:**********************:***

Place

The international system has 3 places in each period.

The periods are separated M HTh TTh Th H T
by commas. The commas
help us read the number 1 0 0,0 0 One hundred thousand (100,000)
by taking the name of
the 1,0 0 0.0
period it follows.
. - - -

One million (1,000,000)

Let us try to read the six-digit number 415348 using the international system place value chart.
Thousands Ones
M HTh TTh Th H T

4 15 3 4 8

415 thousand 348 Four hundred fifteen thousand, three hundred

forty-eight
18
Comparing the Indian and International Systems

Indian System TTh Th H T O O

(10 lakh) TL (1 lakh) L ******************************** *****

********************** wt i **************************" *****

** ***********"
****************i"

International System (1 million) M (100 thousand) HTh TTh ThH O

Different Same

Let us read the number 5237819 in both international and Indian systems.

International System

M HTh TTh Th T

5 2 37 8 9

5 million 237 thousand 819

Five million, two hundred thirty-seven thousand, eight hundred nineteen

Indian System
I remember that a
TL L TTh Th H T million has 6 zeros
with the help of
5 2 3 7 8 1 9 this grid.
52 lakh 37 thousand 819

Fifty-two lakh, thirty-seven thousand, eight hundred nineteen

M L LI ON
*********************** **************************** **** .

10 00 00 0

Read these figures in the international system.

a. 439,168-Four hundred thirty-nine thousand, one hundred sixty-eight
b. 705,001-Seven hundred five thousand, one
c.1,201,590-One million, two hundred onethousand, five hundred ninety
d. 5,500,109-Five million, five hundred thousand, one hundred nine

TryThis!
Read these aloud.
a. There are more than 400,000 species of plants in the plant kingdom.
b. There are about 250,000 flowering plants.
C. Mr Acharya's new house costs 5,703,800.

19
 ExerciseID
1. Rewrite using fhgures.
a. One million, three hundred thousand Earths could fit inside the Sun.
kilometres from the
b. The Moon is about three hundred fifty-six thousand, four hundred
Earth
C.There are about one million, thirteen thousand, nine hundred thirteen words in the English

language.
2. Insert commas and rewrite in words according to the international system.
a. 712801 = 712,801
b. 602590
C. 1016800 =
d. 5397284 =

3. Give the place value of the coloured digit using the international system.
a. 234,198 b. 6,042,381 C. 191,291 d. 7,184,089

4. Write the following numbers in the Indian and international systems, using both figures
and words.
a. 850009 b. 1670112 C. 4290281 d. 530563

MathsendT Teativ
Making a spiral design with number patterns.
You need a ruler, square-lined paper, and colour
pencils.
Choose a repeating number pattern like 2-3-4, 2-3-4, ...
Mark a point on the square-lined paper. It will be your starting and finishing point.
Go right 2 squares. Go up 3 squares. Go left 4
squares. Go down 2 squares. Then right again 3
squares and so on. Keep repeating in a loop till yoOu reach your starting point. You have made a
spiral pattern. You can colour your design.

T
Experiment with other spiral loops.
Try 3-2-5. Will 5-2-3 look any different?
Try loops with 4 and 5 numbers. Are there some loops that don't end?

20
ROMAN NUMBERS
You are familiar with
Roman numbers up to 39. Let us look
back at the rules of
numbers up to 100.
forming Roman numerals and apply it to
0, so they did not
Remember that the Romans did not have
use place value.
They had seven basic
symbols represented by these letters.
Roman number
V X L C D M
***************************************
Hindu-Arabic 1 5
************'****;***********.

10 50 0 500 1,000
They formed other numbers
by combining these letters and following certain rules.
Putting a letter after one of bigger value means
a. 75 LXXV (50+ 10+ 10+5) you add it.
b. 60 LX (50+10)
Putting a letter before one of bigger value means
you subtract it.
a.
40 XL (50-10)
b. 94 XCIV (100
10)+(5-1)=90 +4
. A letter can be
of
repeated up to a maximum
three times only.
80 LXXX (50+ 10+
10+10) Remember
When a smaller number that Vand Lare never subtracted.
has been
made of two letters using the addition/ Ican be subtracted from
Vand X only.
subtraction rule is combined with a Xcan be subtracted from Land Conly.
larger Vand Lare never repeated.
number, the whole of the smaller number
is written to the
right of the larger one.
a. 59=LIX
b. 74 70+4 LXX+IV= LXXIV
Try This!
Write the ages of your family members in Roman
numerals.

Challenge!
Correct this Roman number sentence in three different
ways.
a. By moving one stick
b. By removing one stick
c. By not touching any stick XI+1X
21
ExerciseI E
1. Fill in the boxes with Hindu-Arabic numerals.

XL LXX XXX XC XX LX LXXX

40

2. Write the Hindu-Arabic numerals.

a. XXIV b. XC C. LVII d. XLIV
e. LXXV f. LXXXII
3. Write the numbers from 41 to 100 in your notebook using Roman numerals.
4. Compare using <,>, or =.

a. XC XL b. XLIV LXX C. XXVII LX d. LVI C

5. Give the answer in Roman numerals.
a. XXV+XL b. LXll+ XI C.LXX-XXX d. L-XXXIX

Project
The ancient Egyptians did not have a
place value system, and neither did they have a symbol for zero.
This is how they wrote their numbers.

Stick 1

Heel bone 10 Since they did not have a place value

system,
the Egyptians simply combined the
Coiled rope 100 and added their values. So
symbols
they could write
the symbols from right to left or left to
Lotus flower 1000 Sometimes they even wrote it
right.
vertically.
18 NIIII
Pointing finger 10,000

Tadpole 1,00,000
350 0 0 n n eee

Astonished man 10,00,000 4186 111nNNNNNNN II

1. Write your age in standard numerals and

Egyptian numbers.
2. Write the year of your birth in standard numerals and
Egyptian numerals.
3. Write the year of India's
independence in standard numerals and Egyptian numerals.