Republic of the Philippines

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

BOLT

A design presented for the subject

ME 424 (Machine Design II)

Designed by:

BRIAN SHANE U. TEBIA

BSME-4A

ENGR. JAIRUS VINCENT PAUL C. SINSON

Course Facilitator

April, 2024

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

April , 2024

Engr. Jairus Vincent Paul C. Sinson, MEng, LPT, MAT, RMP, CPM

Course Facilitator

Capiz State University

College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology Main Campus, Roxas City

Sir:

In compliance with the requirement of the subject ME-424 Machine Design II, this Design of

Bolt is hereby presented. May this design and its presentation meets the standard of your

approval.

Very respectfully yours,

BRIAN SHANE U. TEBIA

BSME 4A

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the subject Machine Design II, this Design

of Shaft, submitted by BRIAN SHANE U. TEBIA, BSME 4A, students of this institution are

hereby accepted and approved.

Approved by:

ENGR. JAIRUS VINCENT PAUL C. SINSON, MEng. LPT, MAT, RMP, CPM

Course Facilitator

Date: ___________________

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION

Bolts and nuts are foundational components in the world of engineering, construction,

and manufacturing. These seemingly simple devices play a crucial role in holding together

structures of all sizes, from towering skyscrapers to intricate machinery. Bolts, typically

cylindrical rods with threaded ends, and nuts, which are internally threaded fasteners, work in

tandem to create strong and reliable connections. The versatility of bolts and nuts allows them to

be utilized across a wide range of industries, from automotive and aerospace to furniture

assembly and household repairs. Understanding the various types, sizes, and applications of bolts

and nuts is essential for ensuring the integrity and safety of any project. In this guide, we will

explore the fundamentals of bolts and nuts, including their design, function, and best practices

for selection and installation.

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Without the help and encouragement of those who happened to volunteer some of their

time, advice, and expertise, it would not have been possible to meet this need. Their insightful

observations functioned as a compass, offering guidance and definition all along the way to

fulfilling this need. Their dedication to providing advice enhanced the procedure, transforming

obstacles into chances for development and education.

Recognizing the cooperative efforts of peers and colleagues is also important. Their

assistance whether in the form of group brainstorming sessions, helpful criticism, or practical

help was crucial to the project's successful completion. Their commitment created a culture of

cooperation and mutual success in a group setting. In addition, acknowledgement is given to

advisors and mentors whose guidance was crucial in forming the strategy and procedures used to

address this need. Their knowledge, support, and dedication to promoting both individual and

group development have made a lasting impression on the trip.

Finally, appreciation is given to friends and family whose unwavering support and

understanding made it possible to overcome obstacles and pursue this endeavor. Their support

and conviction in the significance of the current task have served as a source of resilience and

drive.

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Bolt

Page

Letter of Transmittal 2

Approval Sheet 3

Introduction 4

Acknowledgement 5

Statement of the Problem 7

Complete Sketch of Assembly 8

Design Computation 9

Specification of the Design 13

Bibliography 23

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1 3
A bolt, 1 in. -7-UNC-2, is subjected to a tensile load of 10,000lb. The head has a thickness of
8 4

in. and the nut a thickness of 1in. If the material is SAE grade 2 (Table 5.2), find the design factor as

based on ultimate stresses (a) of the threaded shank, (b) of the head against being sheared off, and (c) of

the bearing surface under the head. The bolt head is finished. (d) Is there any need to consider the strength

of standard bolt heads in design?

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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

COMPLETE SKETCH OF THE ASSEMBLY

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

DESIGN COMPUTATION

Solution:

1
For SAE grade 2 (Table 5.2), D = 1 in
8

su = 55ksi, sus = 0.75su

Grade Nominal Full Size Yield Tensile Elong, RA, Core, Tempering,

Size, Proofload, Strength, Strength, min, % min, % Hardness, Temperature,

inches psi min, psi min, psi Rockwell min

1 1
thru 1
4
33,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 B7 to N
−1 A
B100
2

1 3 55,000 57,000 74,000 18 35 B80 to

thru
4 4
B100 N
A
2
3
Over
4
33,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 B70 to
thru 1
B100

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

−1
2

1
thru 1
4
5 85,000 92,000 120,000 14 35 C25 to

C34

Over 1 800F

1 74,000 81,000 105,000 14 35 C19 to

thru 1-
2
C30

1
thru 1
4
8 120,000 130,000 150,000 12 35 C33 to 800F

−1 C39
2

J429 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Grade 2 requirements for sizes 1/4" thru 3/4" apply only to bolts 6" and shorter, and to studs of all lengths. For bolts

longer than 6", Grade 1 requirements shall apply.

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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

1
For 1 in. -7-UNC-2 (Table @ 14)
8

As = 0.763 sq. in.

11
A= 1 in.
16

F= 10,000 lb.

a) Solving for normal stress, use:

F
s= ( Faires, DOME, pg. 509)
As

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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
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 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

Where:

F = Force

A = Area

10,000 lb .
=
0.763 sq .∈.

= 13,106 psi

b) Solving for uniformly distributed shearing stress, use:

F
ss = ( Faires , DOME , pg .509 )
πDt

where:

F = Force

A = Area

3
t= ∈.
4

10,000lb
ss =
π ¿¿

= 3,773 psi

Solving for number of turns, use:

s us
N=
ss

0.75 ( 55,000 psi )

=
3,773 psi

= 11

c.) Solving for the θ , use :

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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
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360°
θ=
12

= 30°

Solving for Area, use:

1 A A
Area = 6(2)( ¿( ¿( tanθ ¿
2 2 2

1 11 2
=6(2)( ¿(1 /2) tan30
2 16

= 2.4661 sq.in.

Solving for bearing stress, use:

F
Sb =
Area− A b

10,000
= π
2.4661− ¿ ¿
4

= 6793 psi

Solving for number of turns in bearing, use:

su
N=
sb

55,000
=
6793

= 8.1

d) No need to consider the strength of standard bolt head in design since its factor of safety is higher than

for the threaded shank.

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

CHARACTERISTIC OF MATERIALS

MATERIAL USED FOR BOLT

SAE J429 covers the mechanical and material requirements for inch series fasteners

used in automotive and related industries in sizes to 1-1/2” inclusive.

Below is a basic summary of the most common grades. SAE J429 covers a number of

other grades and grade variations not covered in this summary, including 4, 5.1, 5.2,

8.1, and 8.2.

Nominal Full Size Yield Tensile RA, Core Tempering

Grad Elong,
Size, Proofload, Strength, Strength, min, Hardness, Temperature,
e min, %
inches psi min, psi min, psi % Rockwell min

1/4 thru
1 33,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 B7 to B100 N/A
1-1/2

2 1/4 thru 55,000 57,000 74,000 18 35 B80 to B100 N/A

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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

Nominal Full Size Yield Tensile RA, Core Tempering

Grad Elong,
Size, Proofload, Strength, Strength, min, Hardness, Temperature,
e min, %
inches psi min, psi min, psi % Rockwell min

3/4

Over 3/4
33,000 36,000 60,000 18 35 B70 to B100
thru 1-1/2

1/4 thru 1 85,000 92,000 120,000 14 35 C25 to C34

5 Over 1 800F
74,000 81,000 105,000 14 35 C19 to C30
thru 1-1/2

1/4 thru
8 120,000 130,000 150,000 12 35 C33 to C39 800F
1-1/2

Grade 2 requirements for sizes 1/4" thru 3/4" apply only to bolts 6" and shorter, and to studs of all lengths.

For bolts longer than 6", Grade 1 requirements shall apply.

J429 Mechanical Properties

J429 Chemical Requirements

Grade Material Carbon, % Phosphorus, % Sulfur, % Grade Marking

1 Low or Medium Carbon Steel 0.55 max 0.030 max 0.050 max None

2 Low or Medium Carbon Steel 0.15 - 0.55 0.030 max 0.050 max None

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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
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CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
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Grade Material Carbon, % Phosphorus, % Sulfur, % Grade Marking

5 Medium Carbon Steel 0.28 - 0.55 0.030 max 0.050 max

8 Medium Carbon Alloy Steel 0.28 - 0.55 0.030 max 0.050 max

J429 Recommended Hardware

Nuts Washers

J995 N/A

Alternate Grades

For fasteners larger than 1-1/2″ in diameter, the following ASTM grades should be

considered.

SAE J429 Grade ASTM Equivalent

Grade 1 A307 Grades A or B

Grade 2 A307 Grades A or B

Grade 5 A449

Grade 8 A354 Grade BD

REFERENCES
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: [email protected]

Bolt, P. (2020, November 17). SAE J429 - Portland Bolt. Portland Bolt.

https://www.portlandbolt.com/technical/specifications/sae-j429/

Bolt, P. (2023, December 15). Crucial Role of Bolts and Nuts in Construction and Manufactur-

ing - Planetbolt Hardware & Industrial Supply. Planetbolt Hardware & Industrial Sup-

ply. https://planetbolt.com/crucial-role-of-bolts-and-nuts-in-construction-and-

manufacturing/

FAIRES, V. M., “Design of Machine Elements” 4 th Ed. New York: The McMillan Company.,

1969.

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