Scribd
Upload
19 views

Physics Project Template 12

Uploaded by

shizaelahi3459
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Physics Project Template 12

Uploaded by

shizaelahi3459
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

MAYOOR SCHOOL, NOIDA

REFRACTIVE INDEX OF VARIOUS


LIQUIDS
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
2024-25

Submitted by Submitted to

Shiza Elahi Dr. Kawalpreet Kalra


Class XI-B

-1-
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Shiza Elahi of class XI-B,


Mayoor School, Noida has successfully completed the
physics investigatory project on the topic ‘Refractive
indexes of various liquids’ in the session 2024-25.

(Subject Teacher’s Signature) (Stamp of Institution)

i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On the completion of this project, I would like to thank Principal
Madam, Vice Principal Madam and other staff members for giving me
the opportunity to work on this project and widen my dimension of
knowledge.
I would like to thank Dr. Kawalpreet Kalra for providing constructive
feedback and guidance.
Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for their constant support and
advice, without which the project would not have achieved its
completion.

Shiza Elahi

1
INDEX
• Certificate…………………………………………………i

• Acknowledgement…………………………………….ii

• Aim…………………………………………………………..1

• Material Required……………………………………..2

• Theory……………………………………………………...3

• Diagram……………………………………………………4

• Procedure…………………………………………………5

• Observation……………..………………………………7

• Conclusion………………………………………………..8
• Precaution……………………………………………….9
• Application…………………………………………….10
• Bibliography…………………………………………….11

Aim
iii
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids
using a hollow prism.

1
Material Required

• Hollow glass prism


• Bell pins
• Drawing board
• Various liquid such as water, carbon disulphide ,
Benzaldehyde

Theory
10
Prism, a piece of glass or other transparent material
cut with precise angles and plane faces, useful for
analyzing and reflecting light. An ordinary triangular
prism can separate white light into
its constituent colours, called a spectrum. Prisms are
also used in certain spectroscopes, instruments for
analyzing light and for determining the identity and
structure of materials that emit or absorb light.

The refractive index of the liquid Is given by the formula:


U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where, U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction

Diagram or Circuit Diagram

11
Procedure

10
• Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board
with help of drawing pins.
• Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
• Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
• Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the
normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to
be in the straight line.
• Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on
the marked outline ABC.
• Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so
that all the 4 pins appear to be in same line.
• Remove the prism and draw the line joining the
points so obtained.
• Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
• Repeat this with different liquids and different angle
of incidence.

S.no a º(angle i º (angle of d º (angle of


of prism) incidence) deviation)

1 60 30 45
Observation
2 60 35 42
Benzaldehyde
3 60 37.5 40
11 4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45
U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30) = 1.504
Water S.no a º(angle i º (angle of d º (angle of
of prism) incidence) deviation)

1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30) = 1.306

Dil. Sulphuric Acid S.no a º(angle i º (angle of d º (angle of


of prism) incidence) deviation)

1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
10 4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30
U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30) = 1.351

11
Conclusion
Refractive indixes at room temperature:
• Benzaldehyde
Actual: 1.546
Experimental: 1.504
• Water
Actual: 1.33
Experimental: 1.306
• Dil . Sulphuric acid
Actual: 1.355
Experimental: 1.351

Precautions
10
• Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
• Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same
line.
• Distance b/w two points should not be less than
10mm
• Same angle of prism should be used for all
observation.
• Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent
and incident ray.

Applications

11
 The refractive index of a liquid carries important information about
its physical properties, including concentration and density, thus
making it possible to determine and monitor the composition of the
solution.

 The refractive index provides a measure of the relative speed of


light in different media. Knowing the refractive indices of
different media helps the student to identify the direction in
which way the light would bend while passing from one medium
to another.

 Generally it is used to measure the concentration of a solute in an


aqueous solution. For a solution of sugar, the refractive index can be
used to determine the sugar content (Brix degree). It can be used also
in determination of drug concentration in pharmaceutical industry.

Bibliography

10
 www.longdom.org
 iopscience.iop.org
 byjus.com
 www.wikipedia.org

11
10
•
•
•
13

You might also like