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Group 3 (Preparing and Implementing Research Instrument)

This is our group report on one of the lessons in our EAPP during my grade 12.

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janecagaanan123
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10 views

Group 3 (Preparing and Implementing Research Instrument)

This is our group report on one of the lessons in our EAPP during my grade 12.

Uploaded by

janecagaanan123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

PREPARING AND

IMPLEMENTING RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT
Presented by Group 3
OBJECTIVE 1
Familiarize the types of research
instruments

OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE 2
Identify and designs, test and survey
questionnaires
TOOL TO GATHER DATA ON A SPECIFIC TOPIC
OF INTEREST
RESEARCH When conducting a research, you need to
prepare and implement the appropriate
INSTRUMENTS instruments to gather the data you need.

VALID AND RELIABLE


An instrument is valid when it directly answers
or addresses your research questions. It is
reliable when it provides you consistent and
stable data over a period of time.
Talk to a person who is
knowledgeable in preparing
research instruments. GENERAL
Master the guidelines in
GUIDELINES IN
preparing and administering
each type of instrument.
PREPARING AN
INSTRUMENT
Clarify your research Do a preliminary research by
questions. visiting your library or checking
online sources.
Based on the data you need,
decide on the number of
people whom you want as
respondents or participants.
Prepare the instrument using GENERAL
the appropriate format
model instrument. GUIDELINES IN
PREPARING AN
Edit your instrument. INSTRUMENT
Do a preliminary research by
Pilot your instrument to visiting your library or checking
further improve its quality. online sources.
After receiving the feedback
from you.
SURVEY

THE RESEARCH INTERVIEW

INSTRUMENTS
One of the most important TYPES OF QUESTIO
components of a research design is
the research instruments because
INSTRUMENTS NNAIRE

they gather or collect data or


information. Without them, data OBSERV
would be impossible to put in hand. ATION
EXPERIM
ENT
It can be in a form
of interview or
SURVEY questionnaire.

contains planned questions Types of questions:


which are to measure recall, recognition,
attitudes, perceptions, and
opinions. and open-ended.
DIFFERENT STAGES:
PRE-INTERVIEW STAGE
INTERVIEW Interview guide is prepared and
respondents are identified and
contacted.
Allows the researcher to
qualitatively gather data.
Responses are usually open-
ended. WARM-UP STAGE
Initial part of questioning to the
respondents.
DIFFERENT STAGES:
MAIN INTERVIEW STAGE
INTERVIEW Main questions are asked related to the
research questions.
Allows the researcher to
qualitatively gather data.
Responses are usually open-
ended. CLOSING STAGE
Respondents are acknowledged and
thanked.
Closed question
Closed questions structure
the answer by only allowing

QUESTIONNARE responses which fit into pre-


decided categories.Data
that can be placed into a
category is called nominal
➢it lists questions to get data.
specific information.
➢ They can be carried Open questions
out face to face, by Open questions
allow people to
telephone, computer or Types of express what
post.
Questionnaire they think in their
own words.
PERSONAL INFORMATION SECTION
personal information

BASIC QUESTIONS SECTION


establish if the person is right for
the study and establish rapport PARTS OF
with the interviewees.

MAIN QUESTIONS
QUESTIONNAIRE
related to your research

OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
brief explanation or response to an
open-ended question.
allows the description of
behavior in a naturalistic
or laboratory setting.
OBSERVATION (watching what people do)
is a type of correlational
(non-experimental) method
where researchers observe
on going behavior.
TYPES OF OBSERVATION

PARTICIPANT AND NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION


interacts with the subject; without interacting with subjects.
➢ A variation on natural observations where the researcher joins
in and becomes part of the group they are studying to get a
deeper insight into their lives.
TYPES OF OBSERVATION

STRUCTURED AND UNSTRUCTURED OBSERVATION


has a list of behaviors to observe; allows behaviors to emerge.
➢ Research conducted at a specific place, time, where participants
are observed in a standardized procedure. Rather than writing a
detailed description of all behaviors observed, researchers code
observed behaviors according to a previously agreedupon scale.
TYPES OF OBSERVATION

COVERT AND OVERT OBSERVATION


subjects are not aware that they are being observed;
subjects are aware they are being observed.
➢ The study the spontaneous behavior of participants in natural
surroundings. The researcher simply records what they see in
whatever way they see it.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
is centrally concerned with constructing

EXPERIMENT research that is high in causal (internal)


validity.

RANDOMIZED EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS


a procedure undertaken
scientifically to make a provide the highest levels of causal
discovery and to test validity.
hypothesis. QUASI‐EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
have a number of potential threats to
their causal validity.
ADVANTAGE/
DISADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE
Offers versatile, complementary access
Instrument to a broad range of phenomena.

OBSERVATION
DISADVANTAGE
Highlights the limitations of subjective observation in
research, including lack of control, potential bias,
absence of sufficient data for conclusion and
susceptibility to observer effects.
ADVANTAGE
Offer the ability to establish causation, control
variables, ensure replicability, and generate
Instrument quantitative data for statistical analysis.

EXPERIMENT
DISADVANTAGE
May lead to biased outcomes due to
experimenter influence and artificial
conditions.
ADVANTAGE
Opting for online surveys can offer cost-effectiveness,
time efficiency, flexibility in administration, potential
for consistent responses, streamlined data analysis,
Instrument and increased participation.

QUESTIONNAIRE
DISADVANTAGE
Characterized by low response rates, lacks
opportunities for respondents to clarify
questions/items and necessitates reading
and writing.
ADVANTAGE
Structured format facilitates high response rates,
enables probing, allows clarification of questions,
minimizes lengthy reading and writing, and
effectively addresses complex inquiries.
Instrument

INTERVIEW DISADVANTAGE
Time-consuming, expensive, difficult to
analyze data and requires transcription.
Which types of research instrument
would you consider to use for your
SELF- future research? Why?

ASSESSEMENT
QUESTION Based from your understanding,
what is the between differentiate
Observation from Experiment?
LET’S PRACTICE
1. WHAT IS THE USE OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT?
a. A Research Instrument is a tool used to collect, measure,
and analyze data related to your research interests.

b. Allows the description of behavior in a naturalistic or


laboratory setting.

c. A procedure undertaken scientifically to make a discovery


and to test hypothesis.

d. Contains planned questions which are to measure


attitudes, perceptions, and opinions.
LET’S PRACTICE
2. WHICH TYPE OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT IS VERY TIME
CONSUMING?

a. Questionnaire
b. Interview
c. Observation
d. Experiment
LET’S PRACTICE
3. WHICH TYPE OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT IS CONSIDERED
TO BE THE MOST STANDARD?

a. Questionnaire
b. Interview
c. Observation
d. Experiment
LET’S PRACTICE
4. WHICH AMONG THE TYPE OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS IS
PRACTICAL AND LESS EXPENSIVE FOR
RESEARCH STUDY?
a. Interview
b. Questionnaire
c. Experiment
d. Observation
LET’S PRACTICE
5. MOST SURVEYS ARE STRUCTURED WHICH MEANS THAT:
a. There is one-on –one relationship between the
researcher and the respondent.

b. They use random selection to select respondents.

c. The interviewer decides when, where, and how to


ask the questions.

d. The same questions are asked in the same order for


all respondents.
THANKS FOR
LISTENING!!

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