©Deeper Life High School.

2023

SCHEME OF WORK
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 WEEKS TOPICS CONTENT Student’s Activities

1
Revision Revision of second term work Should revise all the topics
taught in second term
i. Meaning of force i. Carry out activities as
2 Force (Meaning of ii. Types of force (contact and directed by teacher e.g.
force) Non-contact. forces push and pull
iii. Differences between Magnetic
ii. Identify contact and Non-
force, Gravitational force and
Electric force, contact forces
iv. uses of force iii. Differentiate between
gravitational, electrical
and magnetic forces.
iv. State five uses of forces

Force (Gravitational i. Calculation of gravitational i. Carry out activities a

force) force(G.f) directed as the teacher
3 ii. Worked examples on ii. Calculate gravitational
calculation of gravitational
force using the formula
force
G.f= mgh

i. Definition of Friction i. Illustrate frictional force

Force ( Friction) ii. Uses of fraction on object of the two
4 iii. Advantages and disadvantages surfaces
of friction
ii. Differentiate between
iv. Balanced force
v. Unbalanced forces. balanced and unbalanced
forces.
iii. What effect do frictional
forces have on polished
floor?

Force(Gravitational i. Meaning of Gravitational force i. Explain the meaning of

force and ii. Definition of weightlessness gravitational force and
weightlessness) iii. Differences between mass and weightlessness.
5 weight
ii. Describe the effects of
gravitation on stone,
feather and list
components of the solar
system

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 Force (The earth in i. Definition of The earth in i. Explain solar system.
space) space- ii. What are the components
6 ii. Meaning of Solar system, of the solar system in the
iii. Earth rotation
order of closeness to the
iv. Revolution of moon
v. Eclipse (eclipse of the sun?
sun/Lunar and eclipse of the iii. Explain how earth rotates
moon ) and its revolution round
the sun

7 MID -TERM BREAK

Force (Space travel) i. Meaning of space travel i. Explain space travel

8 ii. Purpose/Advantages of Space ii. Mention the benefits and
Travel dangers of spaces travel
iii. Dangers/disadvantages of
Space Travel

Force ( satellite) i. Meaning of Satellite i. State types of satellite

ii. Types of Satellite ii. State the uses of satellite
9 iii. Uses of Satellite

10 Revision
11-13 Examination

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WEEK: ONE
Revision of second term work

WEEK: TWO
TOPIC: FORCE
LESSON OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
i. define force
ii. explain types of forces
iii. differentiate between gravitational, magnetic and electric forces
iv. state the use of force

MEANING AND TYPES OF FORCE:

Definition of Force
Force is an external agent capable of changing the state of rest or motion of a particular body. It has a magnitude and a
direction.
Force is the product of mass of the objects and its acceleration
F = mass x acceleration
F= ma,
where ; m= mass, a= acceleration due to gravity
The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force required to move it. Examples of force are pull, push, tension forces
and frictional force between surfaces. Force is measured in Newton.
TYPES OF FORCES
1. Contact force
2. Non-contact force/force field

1. CONTACT FORCE: A contact force is a force that acts when two objects are physically touching each other e.g
friction, tension, push and pull etc.
The contact can be Direct or Indirect
Direct contact force are push and friction while indirect contact forces are pull and tension.
2.NON-CONTACT FORCE/FORCE FIELDS: Non-contact force is a force that acts on an object without being in
physical contact with it or without any interaction. It occurs between two bodies or objects that are separated by Space.

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Examples are Magnetic force, Gravitational force and Electric force.

1. MAGNETIC FORCE: This is a force that exists around magnet. Objects like iron, pin and nail are attracted by
the magnetic force if brought within the magnetic field.

ii. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE: Is the force with which the earth pulls all objects towards its centre. It is also called force
of gravity. If a piece of stone and feather are allowed to fall at the same time, the stone reaches the ground first. This means
that rate of force depend on body weight or mass.

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iii. ELECTRIC FORCE: This is a force that exists between two electric charges. Unlike charges attract each other
while like charges repels each other. A repulsive electric force exists between either two positive charges or two negative
charges.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GRAVITATIONAL FORCE, MAGNETIC FORCE AND ELECTRIC FORCE

S/N Gravitational Force Magnetic Force Electric force
1 It is the pull exerted by the It is a property of some It exist between two electric charges.
earth on objects. substance to attract iron or
steel objects towards itself.
2 The direction of the force is The direction of the force is The direction of force is from positive to
always downward the towards the magnet. negative charge.
centre of the earth
3 The strength of the force is The strength of the force is The strength of the force is strong.
weak strong.
4 Gravitational force cannot Magnetic force can easily Electric charge can pass through wet wood
pass through substances pass through substances like and metal but cannot pass through glass.
like wood, metal or glass. wood or glass.
5 Gravitational force give Magnetic force cannot give Electric force cannot give weight to
objects its weight weight to objects objects.
6 Gravitational force enable Magnetic force cannot fall Electric force cannot fall fruits from trees
fruits to fall from trees fruits from trees

USES OF FORCE
i. It makes a body at rest to move.
ii. It stops a moving body or slows it down.
iii. It accelerates the speed of a moving body.
iv. It changes the direction of a moving body along with its shape and size.
v. It prevents car wheels from slipping on a tarred road when moving on it.
vi. It makes it possible for the car to stop or slow down when the brakes are applied.
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 vii. Friction between the sole of our feet and the ground makes it possible for us to walk without slipping.
viii. Magnetic force is used by watch repairers to pick tiny iron materials like pin, and screws.
ix. Magnetic force is applied to separate iron dust from solid non-magnetic substances like Sulphur and Sand.

PRACTICE EXCERCISE:
MULPLE CHOICE
1. Force can do the following except A. change the shape of a body B. make you sleep C.
2. One of the following is NOT a force field A. Gravitational Force B. Electrical C. Magnetic Force D. Tension
3. A calibrated spring balance can be used to measure A. Magnetic force B. Frictional force C. Gravitational force D.
Electrical force make a body at rest move D. change the direction of a body
4. Moving objects can slow down because of ____ force A. Gravitational B. Magnetic C. Frictional D. Nuclear
5. Which of the force is responsible for motion? A. Balanced force B. Unbalanced C. Pull D. Friction
6. The correct formula for calculating gravitational force is A. GF = mg B. Gf = mgf C. Gf = gm D. Gf = fm
7. Friction acts in the _____ direction A. Opposite B. Download C. Upward D. Same
FIL IN THE GAP
1. ____the formula used in calculating gravitational force
2. _____ the unit of work
3. A particle weighing 0.1kg falls through a height of 1.5m at the surface of the Earth , ____the gravitational force of
the object (g=9.8m/𝑠 2 )

ESSAY
1. What is a force?
2. Mention two types of forces and give two examples each
3. Differentiate between gravitational force, magnetic force and electric force
4. State five uses of forces

KEY WORDS: magnitude, direction, exerted, Attraction, Repulsion

Where force can’s get through. I, with a gentle movement do, what am I?

INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES
Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding ‘Albert Einstein'

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WEEK THREE
TOPIC: FORCE
SUB-TOPIC: CALCULATION ON GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
LESSON OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
i. State the formula for calculating gravitational force
ii. Solve simple calculations involving gravitational force.
iii. explain workdone

CALCULATION OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

Gravitational force, .F= mass x acceleration due to gravity
F = mg
The unit of force is Newton (the symbol is N). The unit was named after Sir Isaac Newton who first discovered the facts
about gravity. The weight of a body is the force the earth exerts on it. All forces are measured in Newton. On the earth
surface the universal value of acceleration due to gravity (g) is 9.8m/s2 or 10m/s2
Example 1: Calculate the gravitational force required to pull down a mango fruit of 10kg falling with acceleration of 10m/s2.
Solution: F=mg, where F is unknown, m= 10kg, g= 10m/s2
:. F= 10 x 5 = 100 N.
Example 2: A mass of 300g is acted upon by a force which produces an acceleration of 5m/s2. Calculate the force.
Solution: F=mg,
Since mass is not given in kilogram, convert it to kg,
Mass = 300/1000 = 0.3 kg
:. F= 0.3 x 5 = 1.5N
WORK DONE
Work done is defined as the product of force and the distance covered by the object.
Work done= force x distance
WD=f x s where f=mg and “s”=h
Therefore; WD= mgh
Work done is measured in joules. (J)
Where m = mass of the object measured in kilogram (Kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity measured in meter per seconds square (m|s2)
h = height of object measured in meter (m)
Example 3. What is the work done by a man who lifts a block of 30kg through a height of 3 meters? (g=10m/s2).

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Solution
Work done =mgh where g=10m/s2, m=30kg, h=3m
:. Work done =30x10x3=900Joules
Example 4. If a load of mass 12kg is raised up to a height of 40m. What is the work done in the process? (g=10m/s 2)
Solution
Work done=mgh
W =12x10x40=4800Joules
Example 5. What is the work done when a force of 50N is applied to throw up a stone across a height of 5m.
Solution
Work done = force x distance since f=50N, distance =5m
Wd=fxh =50x5=250Joules.
PRACTICE EXCERCISE:
OBJECTIVE
1. A mass of 300g is acted upon by a force which produces an acceleration of 5m/s2. Calculate the force.A 1.3 N
B.1.6N C.1.5N D. 1.8N
2. The universal value of acceleration due to gravity is _____ A. 11.3m/s2 B. 10.8m/s2 C. 9.8m/s2 D. 8.8m/s2
3. The mathematical expression of Work done is (wd) = A. f x d B. m x t C. w x t D. m x a
4. The International system unit for measuring work is A. Newton B. Joule C. Watts D. Spring balance
5. Force is a product of _____ A. Weight and acceleration B. Mass and acceleration C. Work and time D. Force
and distance

THEORY
1. What is S.I unit of a. Force b. work done?
2. If you lift an object from the surface of the ground, you do work in opposing gravity. Suppose you lift an object of
mass 2kg from the ground to height of 2m, what is the work done in lifting the object? (g=9.8m/s2)
3. Find the force acting on an object of mass 30kg with an acceleration of 3m/s2
4. what is the gravitational force used to pull down a mango fruit of 10kg falling with acceleration of 5m/s2

FILL IN THE GAP

1. In science , a pull or push is ____
2. Two equal and opposite forces acting on a body constitute ____forces
3. Moving things slow down because of ------forces

ESSAY
1. Explain force
2. Describe a balanced force, illustrating with diagram.
3. Give two examples each (a) contact (b) non-contact force

KEY WORDS : Unbalanced, gravitational, acceleration, Gravity

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 There is a far away place that has both light and dark sides, its gravitational pull has an effect on
earth tides, what is it?

INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES
It’s the gravity that shapes a large scale structures of the universe even though it’s the weakest of four categories
of forces, “Stephen Hawking”

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WEEK FOUR
TOPIC: FORCES
SUB-TOPIC: FRICTION
LESSON OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
i. define friction
ii. state the advantages and disadvantages of friction
iii. explain how to reduce friction

MEANING OF FRICTION:
Friction is a force that opposes motion. Friction also means a force that resists the sliding or rolling solid object over another

Friction is a force that occurs when one object moves against another. The ceramic tiles on the outside of the space shuttle
protect it from the great friction caused when the shuttle re-enters Earth’s atmosphere.
Uses and advantages of friction
1. It enables us to walk and run without slippery
2. It enables us to sharpen knives and cutting tools
3. It is a useful force when we tie shoe lace
4. It is a useful force when we strike a match or sit on a chair
5. Friction is a useful force in belt drive and clutches on machinery, as it allows energy to be transferred.
6. Applying brakes to stop a moving vehicle
7. Drilling a nail into wall
8. Writing on a notebook
9. Sliding on a garden slide

Disadvantages of frictions
1. It causes wear and tear on the moving parts of machines
2. It causes unpleasant sound (noise).
3. It increases the cost of maintenance
4. It causes heat in any engine which can lead to break down of the engine.
5. It increases the energy required to operate machine.
6. It reduces the efficiency of machine

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Methods of reducing friction.
1. Lubrication: this is the use of certain substances (called lubricants) to reduce the effects of friction.
Examples of lubricants includes, grease, oil, many of which are petroleum products.
2. Streamlining: This involves shaping an object in such a way that when the object is moving against
direction of the wind or liquid, the surface in contact is minimal. That is the reason why ships, aircraft and
submarines are made or designed after that of fish.
3. Use of rollers/ball bearings: This involves the use of rollers, ball bearings, wheels to reduce the surface
area in contact between two surfaces.
4. Use of belt/chain drive: This can also be used to prevent two surfaces in contact.
5. Smoothing/polishing: This reduces projections on the surface thus reducing friction.

Balanced and Unbalanced Force

Balanced forces do not result in a change in motion .If a body is at rest, it means that all the forces acting upon it are equal
and opposite in direction
Examples include; resting against the wall, lying down ,aircraft in a steady flight etc

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Unbalanced forces are forces applied to an object in opposite direction that are not equal in size. The body will move in
the direction of this unbalanced force.
Examples include; The up and down movement in a seesaw, a car accelerating , a fruit dropping from a tree, an object
sinking in water etc

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PRACTICE EXCERCISE:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Friction can be reduced by applying __________ A. force B. hot water C. cold water D. grease & oil
2. One of the following is not an effect of force A. change in the shape of a body B. change in the direction of a
moving body C. change in the mass D. change in the position of the body
3. Which force pulls the book you dropped from the top floor of your school building to the ground? A. gravitational
force B. nuclear force C. frictional force D. electrical force
4. Balanced force makes it possible for people to __________ A. fly B. dream C. swim D. sit comfortably on chairs.
5. An action that tries to stop a moving object is called---- A. Magnet B. Push C. Gravity D. Force
FILL IN THE GAP
1. To draw water from the well we have to _____ the rope
2. A force that is able to attract iron, steel and pins is called _____
3. Example of direct contact force are_____
ESSAY
1. Define friction
2. State the advantage and disadvantages of friction.
3. Mention uses of friction
4. Illustrate with two examples each of balanced and unbalanced forces

KEY WORDS : friction, sliding, seesaw

What would happen if there was no friction ?

INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES: A germ cannot be polished without friction nor a man perfected without trial ‘
Lucius Annaues'

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WEEK FIVE
TOPIC: FORCE
SUB-TOPIC: GRAVITATION AND WEIGHTLESSNESS
LESSON OBJECTIVE: At the end of the lesson , students should be able to :

• explain the meaning of gravitational force and weightlessness.

• describe the effects of gravitation on stone, feather
• list components of the solar system

GRAVITATION AND WEIGHTLESSNESS

Meaning of gravitation:
Gravitation is a type of force that acts on a body across a distance, without any contact between the source and the body.

The earth exerts a gravitational force on bodies by which it pulls these bodies towards its centre. This is why fruits fall to
the ground from the tree and do not rise upwards. Also, when a stone is thrown upwards it soon stops its upward movement
and starts to fall back to the earth.
The force of gravity is a universal force. It exists between the earth and bodies and between planets and stars.
Gravitational pull determines the weight of objects.
The amount of force with which gravity pulls an object depends on:
i. The mass of the object.
ii. The mass of the earth.
iii. The distance between the center of the object and the earth.
Effect of gravitation on objects:
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 1. Gravitation gives objects weight.
2. Gravitation keeps the earth and the other planet in their orbits around the sun.
3. Gravitation keeps the moon in its orbits around the earth.
4. Gravitation keeps the moon in its path in the sky.
5. It is the work against gravity that make aeroplane to fly in the sky.
6. Gravitation brings about the formation of tides, for convection (by which hot fluids rise)
Law of universal gravitation
Gravitational force increases as mass increases and decreases as distance increases
Differences between Mass and Weight
S/N MASS WEIGHT
1. It is the quantity of matter in a body It is the force due to gravity.
2. It remains constant in any location. It varies depending on the location.
3. It is measured by using chemical and beam It is measured by using a spring balance.
balance
4. It is a scalar quantity; i.e., it has only It is a vector quantity; i.e it has both
magnitude. magnitude and direction.
5. The unit is kilogram (kg). The unit is Newton (N).

Spring balance

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 Chemical balance

Beam balance
WEIGHTLESSNESS
Weightlessness is described as a state of not experiencing the effect of gravity. Astronauts in space experience
weightlessness. It does not mean that they do not have weight but they will just feel as if they are weightless. Weightlessness
is felt in space and moon. The weight of an object in the moon is one sixth (⅙) of the weight of the object on earth. If an
astronaut weighs 60N on earth, in the moon he will weigh 10.

Weightless in Space
Earth’s gravity is what keeps us from flying off into space. Astronauts in orbit don't feel the effects of gravity. This
condition is called weightlessness.
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PRACTICE EXCERCISE:
MULTIPLE CHOICE;
1. The amount of force with which gravity pulls an object depends on the following EXCEPT A. The mass of
the object B. The mass of the earth C. The force of the object D. The distance between the center of the object
and the earth.
2. Weightlessness occurs in ____ A. Earth B. Moon C. Outer space D. Water
3. The earth is ___ in shape A. Oval B. Spiral C. Spherical D. Oblong
4. An object that revolves round a planet is called A. Mars B. Satellite C. Comet D. Asteroid
5. The further away an object is from the center of the earth, the ____ A. more its mass B. less its gram C.
more its weight D. less its weight
FILL IN THE GAP
1. Earth’s gravitational pull is the attraction of the earth on the _____
2. The weight of an object is affected by ---------
3. Weightlessness in space is caused by the existence of low ______

ESSAY
1. What is gravitational force?
2. What makes a stone thrown upward to come down?
3. What is weight?
4. Explain weightlessness
KEY WORDS: weightlessness, revolve, orbit

I am weightless but can be seen, put me in a bucket and I will it lighter, make me black and I will eat
everything without getting full , what am I?

INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES
Life can take you anywhere; be weightless “Nesta Erskina”

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WEEK SIX
TOPIC: FORCE (THE EARTH IN SPACE)
LESSON OBJECTIVE: At the end of the lesson. Students should be able to:
i. describe the solar system
ii. explain the rotation and the revolution of the earth and the moon
iii. illustrate the eclipse of the sun and eclipse of the moon

THE EARTH IN SPACE

The Solar System
The solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the sun and objects that orbit it.

The planet earth, on which we live, is moving through space all the time. It is going round the sun. In doing this, it carries
us all through space. The earth travels through the space but we do not realize this because the air around the earth is carried
along with it. The sun together with all the bodies which revolves round it makes up the solar system. The solar system
consists of the sun, eight planets and their moons along with dwarf planets, comets and asteroids which revolve round the
sun.
The solar system is divided into two parts
i. The inner part: this include the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
ii. The outer part: this include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

The two parts are demarcated by asteroid belt shown below.

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The Eight Planets are:
S/N Planet Number Of Distance From Mass In Relation
Satellite/Moon The Sun To The Earth
1. Mercury None 58million km 1⁄ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
18
2. Venus None 108million km 1⁄ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
12
3. Earth 1 150million km 1 time
4. Mars 2 228million km 1⁄ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
9
5. Jupiter 12 778million km 318 times
6. Saturn 9 1429million km 95 times
7. Uranus 5 2871million km 15 times
8. Neptune 2 4504million km 17times

Earth Rotation and Revolution

Rotation of the Earth
The earth rotates eastward (from west to east). It takes the earth to rotate round its own axis in 23 hours 56 minutes 41
seconds (about 24 hours).The area that is receiving light from the sun has day, and that which is away from the sun has

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night. The earth moves along with Milky Way Galaxy as the galaxy rotates and moves through space. As the earth rotates,
different parts of its surface come into the light from the sun.
Revolution of the Earth

The revolution of the earth is the movement of the Earth round the Sun. It takes 3651⁄4 days (1 year) to complete one
revolution round the Sun. The revolution of the earth causes seasons.
There are two major seasons in a year namely
i. Summer season : When the earth rotates and comes to the east the northern axis tilts toward the sun causing
summer
ii. Winter season: while the southern axis tilts away from the sun causing winter.

What causes these seasons is due to the tilting of the Earth during rotation
Differences between rotation and revolution of the Earth

S/N Rotation Revolution

1 Rotation of the earth is turning Revolution is the movement around
on its axis the sun

2 The takes 24hours to complete a The earth takes a full year for one
rotation with respect to the sun complete revolution around the sun

3 Rotation of the earth causes day Revolution causes season

and night

Rotation of the Moon: The moon is a satellite of the earth and revolves round it once in about 29 days. Five phases occur
during the rotation of the moon. They are as follows:
I. New moon
II. Quarter moon
III. Half moon
IV. Three quarter moon
V. Full moon.

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An eclipse occurs when a heavenly body such as the moon get into the space between the earth and the Sun thereby blocking
some part of the earth from receiving sunlight directly from the Sun.
There are 2 types of eclipse namely:

i. Solar eclipse (eclipse of the sun): Eclipse of the sun occurs when the moon passes between the sun and the
earth.
i. Lunar eclipse (eclipse of the moon) : Eclipse of the moon occurs when the Earth passes between the sun and
the moon.

PRACTICE EXCERCISE:
OBJECTIVE
1. The earth rotates on its axis every ____ (A) 24 hours (B) 7 days (C) 365 days (D) Lunar eclipse
2. The place beyond atmosphere is called (A) Earth (B) Stars (C) Space (D) Sun
3. The following are the components of solar system except (A) asteroids (B) comets (C) satellites (D) Night
4. The Earth takes _____ to complete one rotation around its axis per day (A) 56 hours (B) 33 hours (C) 16 hours
(D) 24 hours
5. The following form the inner solar system except A. Mercury B. Venus C. Saturn D. Mars
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FILL IN THE GAP
1. The natural satellite that orbit the earth is called____
2. Solar system consists of ----- planets
3. The rotation of the earth causes ___and ___

ESSAY
1. What are the components of the solar system in the order of closeness to the sun
2. What happens during the rotation and revolution of the earth?
3. State the types of phases you can see when you observe the moon.
4. Explain the solar eclipse and lunar eclipse, illustrate with diagrams

KEY WORDS: revolution , rotation lunar, solar

At night they come out without been fetched and by day they are lost without been stolen, what are they ?

INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES
The solar system is completely wide open. Almost anywhere we go, I‘m sure we would learn a lot “Brainy quote”

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WEEK EIGHT
TOPIC: FORCE
SUB-TOPIC: SPACE TRAVEL
LESSON OBJECTIVE: at the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
i. explain space travel
ii. state purposes of space travel
iii. state dangers of space travel

SPACE TRAVEL

Meaning of Space Travel: Space travel is traveling from the earth to outer space. Space is the environment surrounding
the earth, moon and other planets. Human beings are able to go to space and spend days and months using a space rocket
called space shuttle. Space travels are expensive to run. For hundreds of years, people dreamed about traveling to outer
space. The invention of huge rockets made space travel a reality. An astronaut first went into space in 1961 (A Russian,
Major Yuri Gagarin). Only eight years later, astronauts landed on the Moon. Since then, people have continued to explore
space.

BRIEF HISTORY OF SPACE EXPLORATION

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 i. Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9th march 1934-27th march 1968)

On April 12, 1961, the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin blasted into orbit, travelling on Vostok 1. He was
the first person in space and completed an orbit of the Earth before landing his flight lasted 108 minutes and
he reached an altitude of 327km.

ii. Neil Armstrong (Aug 5th 1930-Aug 25th 2012 )

On 21st July 1969 Neil Armstrong, an American was the first person to step on the moon during Apollo 11 .
He was followed by Edwin Aldrin, also 2 other Americans, Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt who stayed
for about 74 hours and 59 minutes on the moon surface. An astronaut on the Moon stands next to the United
States flag during the Apollo 15 mission in 1971. The Apollo space program landed humans on the Moon six
times in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Astronauts have not returned to the Moon since then.

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Rocketing to Space

The development of high-powered rockets, such as this Saturn V rocket, allowed human beings to travel to outer space.
Saturn V rockets are the largest rockets ever built.
Purpose/Advantages of Space Travel
The main purpose of space travel is to gain more knowledge that may be useful to human beings. Other purposes include:
a. Advancing scientific research.
b. Uniting different nations.
c. Ensuring the future survival of humanity
d. Developing strategic military advantages over other nations.
e. It helps in weather forecast and agriculture
f. It can be used to predict natural disasters using satellites
g. It helps in production of photographic equipment eg x-ray and gamma ray machines
h. It has provided an alternative power source called space solar power
i. It is advancing scientific research.

Experiment shows that protein form more perfectly in space than they do on earth. This makes space proteins suitable for
design and testing of new medicines

Dangers of Space Travel

1. The major danger is that man cannot live permanently in the space.
2. Human beings who stay in space for long periods develop weak bones due to loss of calcium.
3. Space travel is risky. It may lead to loss of life e.g. The disappearance of the American Space Flight named
Avenger with 11 crew members in 1980.
4. The presence of penetrating radiations in space which make space travel dangerous.
5. Space travel may bring to earth unknown diseases.

PRACTICE EXCERCISE:
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. The Sun is a ____ (A) Constellation (B) Planet (C) Star (D) Satellite

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 2. This planet has rings which are made up of ice, rocks and dust (A) Saturn (B) Uranus (C) Neptune (D)
Mars
𝟏
3. It takes the earth ____ days to make a complete revolution (A) 340 (B) 388 (C) 365 (D) 266
𝟒
4. Which planet boils by day and freezes at night (A) Saturn (B) Earth (C) Mercury (D) Venus
5. In what year did Nigeria launch her first satellite into space? (A) 1960 (B) 1966 (C) 2000 (D) 2007
6. How many planets are there in the solar system? (A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 10 (D) 8

FILL IN THE GAP

1. Man travelled to space for the first time in the year ______
2. The first man to walk in the moon was __________

ESSAY
1. What is space travel?
2. State 4 purposes of space travel.

KEY WORDS: avenger, penetration, exploration, advancement

I can be half without getting thinner. I can shine without fire. I can be hidden but never taken. I can stay dried while
moving through the ocean. What am I?
INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES
Space travel is life enhancing and anything that is life enhancing is what doing .It makes you want to live forever “Ray
Bradbry”

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WEEK NINE
TOPIC: FORCE
Sub-topic: SATELLITE
LESSON OBJECTIVE: at the end of the lesson, students should be able to :
i. define satellite
ii. mention types of satellite
iii. state the uses of satellite

MEANING OF SATELLITE

Satellites are objects in space that move around the bigger one, they move in circular part called orbit round a planet.
Scientist have launched artificial satellites (like space shuttle, rockets etc) into space to carry out experiments, collect
information and learn more about other space.

A satellite is also an object in space that revolves round the earth or another planet.

There are two kinds of satellite:

1. Natural satellites (e.g. the moon orbiting the earth).

2. Artificial satellites: these are manmade spaceship or rocket launched into space and made to revolve round the earth.

Types of Satellite
1-Communications Satellites; They carry instruments that obtain and send information from one place to another. A
communications satellite receives a signal from Earth and then sends the information through a phone call, fax, or e-mail
message to where it’s supposed to go.

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Satellites floating in space have made communication over long distances easier and cheaper.

The Global Positioning System (known as GPS) is a network of satellites that orbit Earth. A person with a GPS receiving
device can determine his or her exact location anywhere on the planet!

The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. It orbited Earth about once every 90
minutes for two months before it burned up in the atmosphere.

SPUTNIK 1

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Nigeria launched its first satellite called NIGERCOMSAT1 on 27th September 2003 and its communication satellite called
SAT2 on 13th May 2007
2-Weather Satellites- They monitor weather conditions in the atmosphere and supply information to ground stations,
which in turn interpret it and make weather forecast.
Some satellites are used to gather information about the weather. This satellite photo shows the swirling clouds of
Hurricane Mitch, which hit Central America in 1998 and killed more than 11,000 people.
They help meteorologists to forecast weather.

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3-Navigation Satellite: They help to pinpoint the location of objects on earth such as the location of ships and aircrafts

4-Surveillance Satellite: They are used to monitor military activities and detection of crimes in the society.

5-Scientific Satellite: They serve as space based satellite for the observation of the earth and other planet.

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USES OF SATELLITE
1. For gathering information
2. For photography (Taking picture of outer space)
3. For mapping
4. For finding location of mineral resources in the ground.
5. For communication
6. For scientific research
7. For military purpose
8. For weather monitoring
9. For navigation

PRACTICE EXCERCISE:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Name the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth launched by USSR on October 4 , 1957 A. issac Newton B.
Ssputnik I C. plato and Aristotle D. Sputnik II
2. Give another name for natural satellite _____
3. When did Nigeria launch her first satellite A. 2010 B.1994 C.1841 D.2003
4. _______ is a body that orbit a planer
FILL IN THEE GAP
1. How many natural satellite do we have? _____
2. In what year did Nigeria lunch her first satellite into space ____
3. The earth has ___ satellite
4. Which of the closet planet to the sun ______
ESSAY
Explain the following terms:
a. Navigation satellite
b. Military satellite.
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c. Scientific satellite

KEY WORDS: surveillance, navigation

I am the beginning of eternity, I am the end of time and space, I am the beginning of every end, I am the
end of every place. What am I?

INSPIRATIONAL QUOTES
Talent is what drives this world, it doesn’t matter how many satellites you stick in the air “Howarg Stern”

WEEK 10: Revision.

WEEK 11 -13: Examination.

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