djectives and adverbs UJ

_J
:)
a
0

Before you start

1 Rea d t he article · Look at the highlighted grammar examples.

Following the recent earthquake,

Chinese wildlife experts have
moved eight giant panda bear
cubs from the Wolong Nature
Reserve in Sichuan province to
Beijing Zoo. Th~s~ attract_
ive black
and white animals are ,all less than

--', two years old. The public.rarely

·,
'
l ----- ,~ ,.
Pan~a cubs arriv$_in.. Beiiing zoo
sees so many cute young panda
bears in the same place, so there
has been a lot of interest from the
international media.
It seems that everyone thinks panda bears. ,.._are fascinating
- .. -
. Perhaps it is because there are so few
of them. But in fact pandas aren't as rare as they used to be. Their numbers have grown fairly fast
since the Chinese opened the first nature reserves in 1958. New research methods mean it is less
• • -.. •••~ ll<'"'

difficult to find the bears, and we can track the number of animals much more accurately than we
could before. Although they are st:11 ~f,v-,, in number, their chances fo~ the fut~re are better than ;

they have been for many years . i

·.• · •i;..•-;· .s.:.•- ;--. t" ., ;.-~~.c rt- •· ~-~- -~ ·=•~--., .. · ·- ·-.. "<··,v . ·,...,.,q ~-,(" ,
- ~ - ~ - ·- . . f t

2 Now read the sentences and <r:f :r;;,t·\ ·.::: t he correct words in italics. The-highlighted grammar
examples will help you. ( ~---:-:____ · ··
1 What happened to your blp_~~ ue y=l!a. ? Unit 19
2 Do you thi t i films on IV are interested 7 Unit 19
3 Lizzie has a o- vely photograph of li r gran d parents. Unit20
Unit
4 My exam results were•N-. . : r. w~t-~o- , •._...,,ood than my sister's. Unit 211
5 They say the driving te s· I easy than it Used to be. 2
Unit 2
2
6 Tea isn't expensive sive coffee. Unit 23
7 I learnt to swiTTI.,,nnn.-... uickl / quickly fairly because I was so young. Unit 24
8 We visit often en v our friends i m urg · dl . the Unit 24
9 They in the past treat~mals · ba dl y ted animals bad m un1·t 25
10 Our cousins go ther~ / many more often than we 0 ·
·t for more information and practice.
3 Check your answers below. Then go to the um

q:mw 01 lSt?d Jql u1 £1pt?q Sit?UIJUt? palt?all

JAJSUJdXJ Sl? 9 .L\.Sl?;:) S IJllJq v Pl0 AF)AO{ £ .
.
:m;!:~iu!
ualJO 8 i<.ppmb All!l?J l
Z MOU;)A ·pul? anyq l ,,
r 19
,
. WI"th nouns and verbs;
Adjectives
-ed and -ing forms- ·-
~- . , ....

1 ·':) iJat- ·th ,~;I\

rves w, noun's
A., -_'e·-ct·--.ive give more ipformation about nouns. Their form doe, a ~ f o r sinl!lllo,
an nouns or forclPal~nd female:
Ay g,rl and two yOu,;g boys came to the party. •.
Adjectives usually c o m ~ a white lamb X
• We can put two or more adjectives before a noun. We don t usually use and:
X a-little aiui white l-amb a little white lamb
• aBut ti both
black andadjectives describe
white horse a longcolou,s similar qualities, we put and between th
or twofilm
and boring
2 Adjectj s With ~ .

We can use ad1 i v ~ th~he, appear, become, get, feel, look, •••em and taste:
The lambs are 1 · e (a They are lovely lambs.) That lamb looks cu te.
Our new teacher seems nice. Can we go home now? I'm getting tired.
• We use and between two adjectives after a verb: That flight was long and tiring.
,A W e c aalive,
• The adjectives nn oalone,
afraid, t~ : and awake are always used after a verb.
asleep

X Be quiet. The children are as/eep.

Adjectives formed from noun,and verbs :,. Unit 96.1 ""

3 -~nd '1ng forms ·· · · '·' ···'

lWe so~~•. ve
like P4m~'1l./um,ture ~l'kin~ il!ld -ing ab dje;tlves:
Do you 1
. • " • "' · /•
some f'eople
~ say,-Leonardo
Part1e1ple clause,
· da Vind inVented
·nit 7S
the fir.st tl-'Fhe
e..,,o.,,,_,.eatJ. v:,'n1;:'.,,, h .
/'Olice-are looking for a missing pe,so,
... - c.
.. ,~ 6 ,,,ac
·, zne.
Manf;,;i;in ·· . adjectives descn1,e fe I' · b • .. .... .
• -ed •~vesto descriOe how w f le;~ s ut We us l'eteet ways. We use .
• -Ing •djec~sto desctibethe the e';. m confused. Thestud,nts are interested.
The ruleYare , ~ It' , ' ~~ •use, our feelings:
We often use ·mg
.
•djecuves
o•
tos an
•skltJ~ Ug>lesson.
about or . . .

.a
A

56
We don't use ,
boring

)=-f~:, .
Do you think horror films are r,; ht. , , give an opm,on about something:
My cousin is r e ~ a l(- B'g enkzng. (::: Do they frighten You?)
· .· - t e ma es me feel bored ·)
Tell me more about the cours!.
0
 Practice
Write the words and phrases in the correct order. Wfj Listen and check.
1
0 feels sweater soft thls .Thi..r...fW.~t~r:.fi.4!..-r.oft........ ..
l bird is that alive ? .\7?.... ... E.\(~ .... ~.~\~:~c::. . . . . ...
2 friendly new neighbours seem our .Q.1,,.1.c. .. O.~ ....O~-\~Y,1~~[~.. tl..r. 0 ,..J I
t < ? A-rn e•q-
....<?y ..9. ...S. ....
........... I ""-" 11.l. ::,
·
3 awake your guess are ... . x..i .. .. ..
4 weather and was hot sunny 7)~.~.o/.0.:~~-~ .... t9..t ..
9.0.~.. ~ .¥ .j
5 you car a getti~g are new ? AY'.\.e. ... ... ... ... ..W.!..,: .. :::.:
6 was it a long difficult and test \.t... .... 9.l ...\o.C' -~ .. Q(.'4. ... 0~¼i.lt...&~r

8 I
7 yellow w~ orange
big)""' old ~ t house /
wallpaper and \}Jt; ..-Y.~ ... Qf..~, ..0.~.9-:?... :f.,\..~ ....
M.j 0'0.'.~-1: \:~:':'~ ln p,, ... Q; 9-j 1
(d.
\\v,~~

2 c~mplete~ach sentence with a suitable -ed or -ing form of the verbs in brackets. V\.9-v SJ2-
0 After a long day at work Jake always feels .#.r:~.. ......... (tir; )
d n
c;; ocll 111-0, - ---------------._ - - ,, ·,_
1 Jackie hear some ................ -..:J news from her friend. (shock)
2 Dale and Fred think their new computer is really .e.-Y.{ ) ~ (excite) ·
3 There was a .bf.'~ ... phone in the call box so Harry couldn't use it. (break)
4 Can you help me? I find these ticket machines very t1.u f\hA?\~! ·(confuse)
5 Egyptian tombs usually have ... f?.~\{\1.l.Owalls and ceilings. (paint)
6 Have you found the M~s~·i:>5~ .. keys yet? (miss)

3 GRAMMAR IN USE Find eight more mistakes in the advertisement and correct them.
CDflill Listen and check.

IARROLD'S NAT~' . RK
bori113
Do you think zoos are bored and :. i, :;:dtut{1!?
Do you prefer to see beautiful an,::; :".-i:ci animals in their natural
environment? ...... ... . .... , ~-l ........
..
·- i '; •
Jarrold's Nature Park is an e}~bted- new wayl~f.feemg···
animals. We know our animals are sensitive~t!>eatures
so we keep them in enc/~5:u.r~;,th~-~iare large, open.
There are no ugly cages ~r ~<sh ,~e()CeS.
()l\ :.~ . . ..
f h orld
We have from all parts o t e w :.
t th
Your children will love the ama~ed tr9pical foreS wi
its birds and monkeys. . ·· 1~

From enormous
~r~. s iders to
cute panda bears.

Jarrold's has them all.

. h more than a ~ <'89
Jarrold's Nature Park. It's muc Q(~~

.:Oi~naryf
 20 . stro
order of adJ"ectives;
.
and weaker meanings
,, ,,
., I > ' '

I•, / , ,/
I \ i,

Look at these amazing . .

,, multi-coloured tropic.al fish.

re1
I. '
They're really beautiful.
ro
u, 'I

1 Order of adjectives __ . - -- ; .
G

C
We sometimes p u t ~ ~ ~ f _ nq~n._ put opinion•
(what ¼re think, not facts), e.g. amazing, boring, comfor~able, IJefore others:
vye
Look at these ~111azing muJti-coloured tropical fish.
I love my comfortable old leather armchair. ' {. I

We put adjectives describing type m purpose (what something is for) next to the no
These adjectives are often part of the Unit 98.1): ·
Amazing multi-coloured tropical fish. (== tYPe of fish).
A long steel hunting knife. (== knife used for hunting)
When we us~ ,r adjectives we ,usuany put them in this order:
Uhape7~(iloui)~ or·,g·5)
n r:: i:-: · "n •
(opinion J ~ ize
i..(a) valuable
.
arge
!;:.,llii-1
round mwllilmi!~ t ,.1
·,.TI J
~ ater,~ ~typelpulJ>O~e:z
L,_
r-- C :::J.J!!,i2!!!J~ r=: ik bedroom
. .
We don't usually use more than three~----.J
or fo ct· . ' SJ . Weddmg ~ - ...... _'
give more information we use another , 1,/r a i<chves In front of a noun. If we want
X se or _sentence:
My uncle has a large black Italian sports c • h' .
ar, w zch is Old
2 Making
. ad1ect1ves
. . st -------....
nger or Wea1<e and really Valuable ·
We can use adverbs of degr~ : -:-reallr;to
'I think they're beautiful.' 'Yes, I think tl;ey' rnake rnost adiect·
'That film was boring.' 'Welt, ;, was 'hhu;• ::,~lly-,,,••ur;,1,'.v~, Stronger or Weaker.
rmeaning) ~'Ir, bot""" a stronger meaning).
,a little/a
. ~bit/slightly
t~~-~- - ------_,__ ._ ~. , ( Wea k er
t WEAKER . .- . , ,. . P rts Were Qi;.-,
q~!! __ .. ther1i tty • ..
• We don't use a little and' a bit With adjecuv~s ~ -- . ...._ ~--~... "e'>'
}{ J..h011ght a hit expel'lsi¼<e ;•,•affh. The wa~ h L htc}i co""'·--....
b -. •• _~ally .
• We often 'use mth" With negatlv, adjectlv,,c • bo , "•ht"'"' ·••e ef re a no--- "
• When we use quite or rather With Positive 1t s_r<ft'1er cotclbit
0
ai;:
e::icpe...U?:
· · r,·,nat I
surpnsmg, "'°"
wa., rath,, lntere,ungJectives
( lt Often tad•>. Sh ••sive
, ·
• When a noun follows qnUe/mu.,, + adjective ·w">ore lnt,,res/"••n, So'' '•the, 1,os
H, wa, qu;,, nke. fie wa, quit, a nice P<"on e •<Id %n; · ·1"<1 t1i,,. ;""hing i,
That's rather expensive. - That's ratl,er an e" e·
FORMALITY CHECK
---
We do1J, 't u~u::~::,i :se a ' I
X The flfght t<J Afa,l.agu n'i'!lxff-Nf.!.~i
The flight to ¥alaga ~II be sll.r,• ·;1"
e,cPe

I 58
 Practice
1 Putthe WO rd s in brackets in the correct order and complete the sentences.
CliiD Listen and check.
0 Samira owns a J9y~yA(f~~ ............................................. armchair. (French, lovely, old)
1 Tom lives in a \?te~s~t.h~ ...5'\:0.~ ........ cottage by the sea. (stone, little, pleasant)
2 We bought a \J8., .. ... ...chest of drawers for the bedroom. (wooden, big, new)
3 Did Melinda wear her ... ..~r\j ... 9..~4f:-.... ~tl.t. ... dress to the party? (pretty, silk, blue)
4 Their new house has a .. .. ....t)1(e....1... 6?~.......
l.l\J,\('qg.. u., ......... ..,, .. :. room, (living, big, nice)
5 David gave her a ~Qi,.\ \J .. J.Qv..M. ,.. ,:;i\w.lfpicture lra~unc!,_MJ_y~U)
6 Rembrandttas a ............ :-9.~>... ~:-:-.~ ...~ t !-F~{~~n;enth-century, Dutch,..fantous)
7 It's one of those et:(!.~S.'. ;h·!fl.!i'J .~achine,v{German, washing,~)
8 Where's that'f.19f..( \\J~.ff ..... . 'c.'?.. -shirt you used to wear? (cotton, red, hiitrible)
2 Read the sentences and choose the best words in italics for each meaning.
"-.

o That meal was_r s\v~! l ~ ~-:--. siye 'than:_1 expected

1 I need somethm rger. rger .....
. 2 The weather's p re.
3 I was shocked by that film - it was rather violent. / not as violent as I like
4 I'm sorry I'm a bit late. veral hours late
5 She's quite a good artist, despite he,r lack ?f trainin . as good as I expected
6 This train is extremely fast. · ·· •' e fast

3 Complete the email with the words and phrases in the box:,.B.e..c.arefuL
only one o ~rases-in..each_p~correct. ClflD listen and check.

·te_o d ~ ooden
"-=+~~~;:;:o~:;-:-:-::, nsi / a . q u i t ~ ~ a bit
ce t u / late p r e t t y ~ large lovely

subject \ News from Kyoto

Hi Jordi

dt,iy ,the weather was (O) ..~~.l.ly_q~_

Today is our ~ird day in Kyo~~- Ycc,_:2 1 q ( ........... -~owe
took a (1) 0.tC?_. ·.\-9.-Ji._';./(trip to.a place called Ginkakuji, just outside the city. The
place is amazing and ha~ '. r : - . Q.\c .... _. gardens and awaterfall. The garden
.. ..

is (3) .0.\~...... .\(.~:. ~. . ,.~;, ;:.s built in 1460 by one of the Shoguns. There are lots of
b t 'f I (4) lQ (, / ,j
.b::l~i~.and p:;:,~1i~f ,-{
,, 1 ,,
/I ' " ,/ '

:~J.ec ....... fish. l!'s

(5) ..... ...
(6) ............ \)Wf:j ......
peac~.f.~~·...;·.
It was (7) t..0,ftr~... .. f.yf
g/\),\
to get in, but then everything

;~~ptve in J~~:hen I

got bac~e hotel, so I didn't

have time to send you an email.

c;q
 of adjectives
21 comparison

but the blue wha

• • · : ... t

s' ' (. . ·,
1

iI5'•ith l·r :-(e)r:

I
one ·
ble
·;;.//-+ smaller
forge-+ larg~er fast .... faster
ng-+ • ·-
e -+, the I.
ng_ -+ the
the ~ t
1-- ·
Ir adjectives with • .. use m~ +adjective: useful-+ the
more/less useful . . expensive -+ tL
two or more use sive more/less expens,v~ 11
~X:stiflg_ more/less interestmg interesting -+, t
/
_/IOJ
L__
= :.
l syllablesl
-.1 - ~

.
d wort.e igood .... better
farther/further
well(=.healtl,v better
bad-+ the wo
far-+ the fartl,e

· . 't-ffl!>lthe driest, bk] ... b;gg,d1he_b,gges1 (s_ee Page 3S )

' lome,mmh, """'"'·Qliillg~ ffi secood syllable ;, ""m~e<l (often •nd,ng m ·Y, ·&•..,,. 1 .
'Ad1ectMS with lwo syllables~ :" o'mesame way as ooe-syllable adj1ctises; friendly ... fne,,(,,?'
fu,m ~,
gentle .... '""'""""' aod sop~
gentlerltt~ ge7tlest, a,,e ,
funny . h h ."
.... funmer/t e un~,e -- - . .- . . '. ' ..,

2 Comparative adjectives · ,- ·-'l ··· •·

We use comparatl,e adjecti,es to compare two th1ng,,.cWhen we use a compa,,

adjective in front of a noun we add than:
X Humpback whales are larger kill-er whal-es.
Humpback whales are larger than killer whales.
We use object pronouns (me, her, etc.), not subject pronouns (I, she, etc.) after
Mada ;, ta/le, /hon Ann,. J(-., ;;
lall,r """' she. Maria is taller than her.
A w, don't use m,,, or less With an adjective th,t is already fOtnj,Alattve:
X Ket-in is moro ta!tff than Sue. X Sue is l-ess ttiiler than Kevi~
We can. use two comparatives to show that something is chatlgfug:
The weather is getting hotter and hotter. · ·
, Food is becoming more and more expensi~e these days.
cm Pronunciation 1.06

3 Superlative adjectives ·- _, •·,, ~ .

We wesupe,lat;,eadject;,., t
adjective (my/your/his t )b t • ' . '·,- e .
compare more than two things. We use the or a
Blue whales are the la;g:s~ wh:~:e the superlative form:
After superlatives w . b · What Was Y0 ur best subject at school1 , ; ,, .r •
The blue Whale 1, /hee'4,g,,
use m 1 efore
tu stnguJa
. r noun, (l.e. the name of a place o, 8'bUp)··
th
But we use of before plural :::~:e in e World. Ben is the oldest player in the team.
5
The blue Whale ; the lmgest ofihe ',.hale, B . h , .. ,, ,
Making comparisons t · en zs t e oldest of the players.
60 s ranger and Weaker Unit 22.3
 Practice
1 Use the words below to write comparative sentences. , .
0 Canada/ big/ Britain.
1 This towel/ dry/ that one
-~~~~.Y. .. ~,i:iq~\~~t~·1'·~~ . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
..Tu.!iJ.. .10.~ .~ . ... ....... ..~ ""''":·•: .... ...
2 Magazines / int'eresting 1/ htWSpaperf•: ,f,fg,8)112.>,.~?..... ~ -.......:~ J il~(.!!;!! t
3 My spelling /'bad/ Lucy's · --"1 ffi.0 .
~~.\\•.~ .J.<:J.rt.. /Jb,J) .. ¥C:_~.~. 1v.i.~\ -
4 1. -tt,9
The airport/ far/ the railway ,talion '·'":: .. " n)C)tt' . f:. . ~ t ru Cl,'.••.;.............................,:b:il"'•" . .
-1''1\o..... LVt.. ...( ~,>, "-'ti '\'>.\
5 Paris/ beautiful/ Berlin J
. /1, . ~}A '..iS1¥,[e..~1.1:h t~.J~.,S, .i........
6 Steak/ good/ lamb · . . J, . · ...D;:-~!\'.-W,°: .. \::Y:Q!\ ....Off.\b..,................ ..
2 use the words belo,;, to , , ; ~ e sente~ceS: mD listen and check,
0 France/ large country/ the European Union ' HJ.~ .i:rJ~..~r9~.t~.~ ..~ .~.F.~PP.~lt. I.Wo11.
1
Mario/ old student/ my class M ('
\ V'L 9. p
..9f.J0......-~S................ ..~t ,.,., ...'5.t:v..~t
.............fl.. ""1-\(\os~
2. Selima /tallest/ the athletes 1•
J«ll~\il\
<v, t~ :t0.
..r1'> .............. ....h\\~ ... ... ......... .. r\t... .._
J \Nl,_
3 . New York / big ~ity / North ~erica lb, 'd,,r
.le.,... lb... .... b.~
Ji:f.~.. ..lri .. lb,
f \,i lit-,;.
4 That/ beautiful tree/ the g~rden 71-1M-' :'.... ...
0
pl.\~?t. \:i.~1Ah.'0U1.~..
i.C\ l it, ,
s Harry/ experienced,/ the workers \1.orr'.'.\ \S...t!!\9~ ....ei4ifi:~"'1..1.'r.e.ci .. Vli_Jm:iw.s.
6 Mine I nice I the rooms l\') 1 t\~ \S \¼. ..~J:\'.. ~.... J..~, +..\'c.. .
GRAMMAR IN USE
3 mfJ Listenandcheck. •.
Find si~ more
1
' •
mistakes in the tour guide'.s statement and correct them
,J ,c . --::.:::.:::---:_

. JYI-Ufller •
'We o~ly have f~ur w~~-k1ng el~phants here a ~o~klan so it is ffiOFe smaJ.I than the other elephant
1
farms 1n lhe area. Th• largest elephant farm- ~rt of Thailand has JO elephantsl:§;: ~r
elephants here have different backgrounds a0d personalities. M:maVOiled the r~~t-
came from Cha1ng Ra1 in the north of the country. Changra is th +worker, he loves lifting
wood. ~ @very~greedy. He -eats..a ,lot more than the others! Selma is thH.l-'?{li~tvorker
she's very lazy. She's only eighteen years ol~ but each year she gets lazier and 1111;[ 1fnan is f~
than the other elephants; she really loves people.'
Pr7Zl\~ W •=¥ ...__.....__, ¥\

elephant
age . , weight
Changra
, ... ?2 year~ 011 .. ... _..... ~SO? kg
Selma
i 8 years old . 1750 kg
Mao-Mao ' '. \ ' . f·, . . . ' ... . I • • ":: I'--
,:4 years old 5000 kg
Tanan i 7 1Hrs oid 1500 kg

4 Write sentences about the elephants. Use information from Exercise 3 and the words in
brackets.

0 (the lightest) I1W!1'1.k!~..119.~ ~ ef.1~.\/!r.~.~ ,.. ,; ........ ·r;.....~~"• . ....fon

f-
l (the heaviest) ~ .Q/:?..::-..(Y'Q.9.. .. 1.Si.•... t~...... h-R..O-~t.. . . . t ......... ..£fo.e... D
2 (ch / r "'°"o.f"':':':':-.. ..~.,,t...,. ......~o,
angra younger1 •1....r.1.~~.).CJ' ...::\•f\.....0..11r t
............................ · ..'tYO..Q ......
ffi O.Jl.:7
3 S
( elma / older) '::->t\
:;.;,:, .....C'..N..........
:>,. ..·<::._
~0 ....o· .. · · · .. . ....\.~ " · ,;-;·~· 7..~o:.:r ~-..\,.......................
n \c rl""~.l-5
\<;)"or\ j_V,L YQ~ .('{):i.'---V.::.. .l.Y.~ ... :<..r,!.~~
"' QJ;l;: :; ~:: ;:~. ..ot.J::w;. •.
- c._ i.;:. ..
4 (the youngest) . . . .. J "' : ····
5 (greedier/ the others) S.tf.0ei:0.0 ..... ~.s ...:~-C.~(..... ;;t"iI\\e";~.... le_A/'{\.,. 1
7 ..9.{\9!:'::1 ......-<.t..>.. ...t0l
~A

6 (the friendliest) .... ..\'i

......I\.;./.
... ...... ~ ' ..., .. VT.. .. ...f!.j_. r,:::n+. .....r ... .. . U 1 • -")

1
Go 011l1ne for more, prc1ct1cP 61
--c