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8-Energy-V21

1 Energy is released in some nuclear reactions. [s16_v21_Q9]

Which nuclear reaction takes place in a nuclear power station, and which nuclear reaction takes
place in the Sun?

2 A lorry of mass 4000kg is travelling at a speed of 4.0m/ s. [s16_v21_Q10]

A car has a mass of 1000kg. The kinetic energy of the car is equal to the kinetic energy of the
lorry.
What is the speed of the car?

A 2.0m/ s B 4.0m/ s C 8.0m/ s D 16.0m/ s

3 A force acts on an object and causes the object to move a certain distance, in the same direction
as the force. [s16_v21_Q11]
Which row represents a situation in which the largest amount of work is done on the object by the
force?

4 A car of mass 800kg travels over a hill of height h. [w16_v21_Q9]

By travelling to the top of the hill, the car gains 40000J of gravitational potential energy.

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N/ kg.

What is the height h of the hill?

A 5.0 m B 20 m C 50 m D 500 m

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5 A lamp has a power input of 5.0W. It wastes 1.0W of power heating the surroundings.
[w16_v21_Q10]
What is the efficiency of the lamp?

A 20% B 50% C 80% D 120%

6 The box contains the names of eight different energy resources. [w16_v21_Q11]

How many of these energy resources are renewable?

A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6

7 Four different liquids are poured into four containers. [s17_v21_Q13]

The diagrams show the depth and the density of liquid in each container.
In which container is the pressure on its base the greatest?

8 The diagram shows the path of a stone that is thrown from X and reaches its maximum height at
Y. [w17_v21_Q10]

The stone gains 10 J of gravitational potential energy as it moves from X to Y.

The stone has 2.0 J of kinetic energy at Y.

Air resistance can be ignored.

How much kinetic energy did the stone have immediately after it was thrown at X?

A 2.0 J B 8.0 J C 10 J D 12 J

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9 A motor is used to lift a load of 40 N. [w17_v21_Q11]

The power of the motor is 40W and the system is 20% efficient.

How long does it take the motor to lift the load through 0.50 m?

A 0.50 s B 2.5 s C 5.0 s D 25 s

10 A student runs up a flight of stairs. [w17_v21_Q12]

Which information is not needed to calculate the rate at which the student is doing work against

gravity?

A the height of the flight of stairs

B the length of the flight of stairs

C the time taken to run up the stairs

D the weight of the student

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11 As energy is transferred into different forms, it eventually becomes dissipated. [s18_v21_Q10]

What does this mean?

A All the energy disappears.

B The energy finally changes into every possible form of energy.

C The energy spreads out among the objects and their surroundings.

D The total amount of energy becomes less.

12 A ball of mass 1.2kg is dropped from a height of 30 m. As it falls, 25% of its initial gravitational
potential energy is transferred to thermal energy. [s18_v21_Q11]

What is the kinetic energy of the ball just before it hits the ground?

A 27 J B 90 J C 270 J D 360 J

13 A girl hangs by her hands from a bar in the gymnasium. She pulls herself up until her chin is level
with the bar. [s18_v21_Q12]

The mass of the girl is 48 kg.

She pulls herself up through a distance of 0.25 m.

She does this in 2.0s.

What is the useful power she uses to pull herself up?

A 6.0W B 24W C 60W D 240W

14 Which device is designed to convert chemical energy into kinetic energy? [w18_v21_Q9]

A an a.c. generator

B a battery-powered torch

C a car engine

D a wind-up mechanical clock

15 An object, initially at rest, is dropped from a height of 12.0m. The change in gravitational potential
energy when it falls to the ground is 565 J. [w18_v21_Q10]

The frictional forces are negligible.

What is its speed when it hits the ground?

A 4.71 m / s B 15.5 m / s C 47.1 m / s D 240 m / s

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16 A man climbs a ladder. [w18_v21_Q11]

Which two quantities can be used to calculate the useful power of the man?

A the weight of the man and the time taken only

B the weight of the man and the vertical distance moved only

C the work done by the man and the time taken only

D the work done by the man and the vertical distance moved only

17 A machine is very efficient. What does this mean? [s19_v21_Q11]

A It produces a large amount of power.

B It uses very little energy.

C It wastes very little energy.

D It works very quickly.

18 A crane takes 2.0 minutes to lift a load to the top of a building. The change in gravitational
potential energy of the load is 360kJ. [s19_v21_Q12]

What is the useful power output of the crane?

A 3.0 kW B 180 kW C 720 kW D 43 200kW

19 Brakes are used to slow down a moving car. [w19_v21_Q10]

Into which form of energy is most of the kinetic energy converted as the car slows down?
A chemical
B elastic
C thermal
D sound

20 A man carries 20 tiles from the ground to the roof of a house. Each tile has a mass of 1.2 kg. The
roof of the house is 15 m above the ground. [w19_v21_Q11]

How much work does the man do against gravity on the tiles in carrying them to the roof?

A 36 J B 180 J C 360 J D 3600 J

21 A car is moving along a straight horizontal road. The car has 1.6 MJ of kinetic energy. The car
accelerates for 20 s until the kinetic energy of the car increases to 2.5MJ. [w19_v21_Q12]

What is the minimum average power developed by the car engine for this acceleration?

A 45W B 205W C 45 kW D 205 kW

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22 The diagram shows part of a rollercoaster ride with the car at different positions. [s20_v21_Q10]
The car runs freely down from position X to position Y and up the hill on the other side.

What happens to the kinetic energy and to the gravitational potential energy of the car as it
moves from position X to position Y?

23 Which energy resource does not have the Sun as the original source? [s20_v21_Q11]

A coal

B geothermal

C hydroelectric

D wind

24 A stone is dropped from rest at a height of 2.0 m above the surface of a planet. [w20_v21_Q10]

The planet has no atmosphere.

The speed of the stone just before reaching the surface of the planet is 3.8 m / s.

What is the acceleration of free fall on the planet?

A zero B 1.9 m / s2 C 3.6 m / s2 D 7.2 m / s2

25 An electric motor uses 1000 J of electrical energy. It provides 450 J of useful output energy.

What is the efficiency of the motor? [w20_v21_Q11]

A 4.5% B 5.5% C 45% D 55%

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26 To calculate the power produced by a force, the size of the force must be known.

What else needs to be known to calculate the power? [w20_v21_Q12]

27 Which situation involves no work being done and no energy being transferred? [s21_v21_Q9]
A a car skidding to a stop on a road
B a crane lifting a load
C a heavy load hanging from a strong bar
D a student dragging a big box over a rough floor

28 A student suggests that there are several ways of transferring energy to a small, stationary block
of iron on a smooth table. He makes the following suggestions. [s21_v21_Q10]

1 Heat it.
2 Shine light on it.
3 Pass a current through it.

Which suggestions are correct?

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

29 An engine produces 240 kJ of energy in 2.0 minutes. [s21_v21_Q11]

What is the power output of the engine?
A 2.0 kW B 120 kW C 480 kW D 28 800kW

30 Electrical energy may be obtained from nuclear fission. [w21_v21_Q8]

In which order is the energy transferred in this process?
A nuclear fuel → generator → reactor and boiler → turbines
B nuclear fuel → generator → turbines → reactor and boiler
C nuclear fuel → reactor and boiler → generator → turbines
D nuclear fuel → reactor and boiler → turbines → generator

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31 A motor of power P exerts a force F on an object. The object moves a distance d during the time t
that the force acts. [w21_v21_Q9]

Which equation is used to calculate the time t?

𝐹 𝐹𝑑 𝑃𝑑 𝑃
A t= B t= C t= D t=
𝑃𝑑 𝑃 𝐹 𝐹𝑑

32 A scientist uses an electric motor to lift a load through a vertical distance of 2.0 m. [w21_v21_Q10]

He then increases the input power to the motor and repeats the experiment. The efficiency of the
motor does not change.

Which row correctly describes the effect that this has on the useful work done lifting the load and
the time taken to lift it?

33 A car has 620 kJ of kinetic energy. The car brakes and stops in a distance of 91 m.
What is the average braking force acting on the car? [s22_v21_Q12]
A 0.15 N B 6.8 N C 6800 N D 56 000N

34 Brakes are used to slow down a moving car. [w22_v21_Q8]

Into which form of energy is most of the kinetic energy converted as the car slows down?
A chemical
B elastic
C thermal
D sound
35 An object has kinetic energy of 200 J. [w22_v21_Q9]

A constant resultant force of 190 N is applied in the direction of its motion through a distance of
10 m.

What is the final kinetic energy of the object?

A 390 J B 1700 J C 2000 J D 2100 J

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36 The statements describe what happens when the power of a machine is increased.
1 The work done in a given time decreases. [w22_v21_Q10]
2 The work done in a given time increases.
3 The time taken to do a given quantity of work decreases.
4 The time taken to do a given quantity of work increases.
Which statements are correct?
A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

37 Which row about the change of energy in the energy store must be correct? [s23_v21_Q10]

38 A woman of mass 50 kg has 81 J of kinetic energy. [s23_v21_Q11]

What is her speed?
A 1.3 m / s B 1.6 m / s C 1.8 m / s D 3.2 m / s

39 A child runs up a set of stairs four times. The time taken for each run is recorded. [s23_v21_Q12]
Which time is measured when the child’s useful power is greatest?
A 10 s B 20 s C 30 s D 40 s
40 A dam holds water in a reservoir. The height of the water in the reservoir is 15 m. [s23_v21_Q13]

The density of water is 1000 kg/ m3.

What is the pressure due to the water at the bottom of the dam?
A 6.8Pa B 1500Pa C 15 000Pa D 150 000Pa

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41 A cyclist travels down a hill from rest at point X without pedalling. [w23_v21_Q8]
The cyclist applies his brakes and the cycle stops at point Y.

Which energy transfers have taken place between X and Y?

A gravitational potential → kinetic → internal (thermal)
B gravitational potential → internal (thermal) → kinetic
C kinetic → gravitational potential → internal (thermal)
D kinetic → internal (thermal) → gravitational potential
42 An object of mass m falls from a higher shelf to a lower shelf. [w23_v21_Q9]

How much gravitational potential energy does the object lose?

𝑚 𝑚
A mgh2 B ( )h2 C ( ) (h1 – h2) D mg(h1 – h2)
𝑔 𝑔
43 A pump does 460 000J of work to raise water to fill a tank. It takes 7 minutes to fill the tank.
What is the power of the pump? [w23_v21_Q10]
A 1.1 kW B 66 kW C 3200 kW D 190 000kW

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Markscheme:8- Energy-V21

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B C C A C C C D B B

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C C C C B C C A C D

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C B C C A C D A D

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B B C C D C A C A D

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
A D A

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