ENG152 CHILDREN AND ADOLESENT LITERATURE P1 REVIEWER

MODULE 2 • It helps students develop emotional intelligence.

Stories have the power to promote emotional and
INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD OF CHILDREN’S moral development. Children’s literature contains
LITERATURE numerous moments of crisis, when characters make
Children's Literature - The body of written works and moral decisions and contemplate the reasons for
accompanying illustrations produced to entertain or instruct their decisions an important skill for children to see
young people. modeled (Norton, 2010).
- Reading literature helps students develop
- Children’s literature is a collection of books as old as emotional intelligence. Stories show
the printing press. characters facing tough decisions and thinking
about why they make those choices, which is
Genre Encompasses:
important for children to learn.
• Acknowledged classics of world literature
• Picture books • Children’s literature is of value because it is a
• Easy-to-read stories written exclusively for children timeless tradition, one in which books are the major
• Fairy tales means of transmitting our literacy heritage from
• Lullabies one generation to the next (Norton, 2010).
• Fables - Children's literature is valuable because it is a
• Folk songs timeless tradition. Books help pass our literary
heritage from one generation to the next.
• Other primarily oral transmitted materials

Source: According to Britannica.

MODULE 3

HISTORY OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE: CLASSICAL WORLD

THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF THE PURPOSE AND VALUE
GREEK AND ROMAN 500 BCE TO 400 BCE
OF CHILDREN'S LITERATURE AND ITS STUDIES FOR THE
CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION • HOW DO CHILDRENS LITERATURE BEGINS?
- All literature started with storytelling. Our
• Children’s literature provides encounters with the
ancestors told stories to entertain, comfort,
world that shape the meaning children make of the
teach life lessons to the young, and pass on
world (Kiefer, Hepler, Hickman, Huck, 2007).
their religious and cultural heritage.
- Children's literature helps kids understand the
Storytelling is an important part of every
world and make sense of it.
culture.
• Having a vicarious or live through experience with
• WE’RE ALL STORIES DEDICATED FOR CHILDREN’S
literature builds readers esthetic responses and
ENTERTAINMENT?
perceptions (Rosenblatt, 1978).
- In early times, people did not separate adult
- Experiencing stories helps readers appreciate
and children's literature. Children heard and
beauty and understand things better.
enjoyed the same stories as their parents,
whether they were adventurous tales of heroes
• Reading literature increases once sensitivity to the
like those in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey or
power of the written word (Sipe, 2008) and
magical stories of gods, demons, spells, and
contributes to visual expression (Brenner, 2011;
talking animals.
Sipe, 2011).
- Reading literature helps people appreciate the
• HOW DID CHILDREN’S LITERATURE FLOURISH IN
power of words and improves their ability to
THE CLASSICAL TIMES?
express ideas visually.
- Greece in the 5th century BCE is considered
the birthplace of Western culture. In this
• It gives students appreciation about their own
cradle of democracy and individualism,
cultural heritage as well as those of others (Norton,
children grew up with stories of the Trojan War
2010).
from Homer's *Iliad*, the travels of Odysseus
- Reading literature helps students appreciate
from *The Odyssey*, Jason and the Golden
their own culture and learn about other
Fleece, and the adventures of Hercules. They
cultures.
also knew the famous fables of Aesop, a slave
CREATED BY MARK NATHANIEL B. JAVIER
 ENG152 CHILDREN AND ADOLESENT LITERATURE P1 REVIEWER

believed to be a teacher who wrote to instruct

his students in cultural and personal values. • Talus
- Nephew ni Daedalus.
- Romans greatly admired the Greeks and were - Apprentice ni Daedalus.
influenced by them. Roman children in the first - Namatay tungod sa envy ni Daedalus.
century CE knew Homer's tales as well as
Virgil's Aeneid, which tells the story of Aeneas, • Ariadne
the Trojan hero who founded the Roman race. - Daughter of King Minos of Crete. Naka gusto
They also enjoyed Ovid's Metamorphoses, kay Theseus.
which contains imaginative stories of gods,
goddesses, heroes, and heroines from the • King Minos
classical world. - The ruler of Crete who imprisons Daedalus
and Icarus. Sya pud nag sugo kay Daedalus nga
• HOW DID THESE CLASSICAL ERAS IN LITERATURE buhaton ang Labyrinth.
AFFECT AN INFLUENCE US UNTIL THIS DAY?
- The power of ancient stories still affects us • Minotaur
today. Modern writers and illustrators often - Anak ni Queen Pasiphae og sa bull nga
use Greek and Roman myths for inspiration. gisumpa ni Posiedon.
Our culture is full of references to these stories,
like Achilles' heel, herculean task, the Midas • Queen Pasiphae
touch, Pandora's box, and sour grapes (from - Asawa ni King Minos. Mama ni Minotour.
Aesop's fables). Many things, such as planets,
days of the week, and even products like tires • Poseidon
and shoes, are named after classical gods and - Naghatag sa cursed bull nga maka inlove.
heroes. These stories are exciting and a key part
of our culture. Many still interest children • Androgenos
today. Books like the *Percy Jackson* series - Son of King Minos of Crete and Pasiphae.
and movies like Disney's *Hercules* help keep
these stories alive for new generations. • Theseus
- Heroic king og Athens nga nag volunteer nga
patyon si Minotaur aro ma end na ang human
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSICAL WORLD GREEK AND tribute.
ROMAN LITERATURE
• Heracles
• Characterized by oral storytelling. - Naka kita sa body ni Icarus then gihatagan og
• Compose of Greek and Roman myths and epics. proper burial si Icarus.
• Children heard presumably, enjoyed the same
stories as their parents whether they were
adventurous tales of cultural heroes. MATERIALS IN MAKING WINGS
• Tebow’s emerged during those times through
Aesop. The theme and characters appeal to children • FEATHERS AND WAX
and the stories are often numerous and
entertaining for kids of all ages.
• This illustrates a particular moral and teach a lesson DAEDALUS’ ADVICE TO ICARUS
to children and kids.
• Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly too close to the
THE MYTH OF DAEDALUS AND ICARUS sun or too close to the sea. Flying too high would
melt the wax holding the feathers together, while
• DAEDALUS flying too low would cause the feathers to become
- Papa ni Icarus. damp and heavy.
- Nipatay kay Talus. (Gituklod sa Acropolis)
- Talented Athenian artisan sa royal family sa
Cecrops.

CREATED BY MARK NATHANIEL B. JAVIER

 ENG152 CHILDREN AND ADOLESENT LITERATURE P1 REVIEWER

SETTING 8. EUROPE – In English the word Europe refers to a

continent but that name comes from a Greek myth.
• ATHENS – SIKAT SI DAEDALUS AND ICARUS Europa was a beautiful princess and the king of the
• CRETE – GI BUHATAN SA LABYRINTH OG PLACE NI gods Zeus fell in love with her.
KING MINOS AND QUEEN PASIPHAE
• LABYRINTH – GIKULONG SI MINOTAUR, ICARUS 9. FURY - Fury is a word used to mean strong or even
AND DAEDALUS. uncontrollable anger. This English word comes
• ACROPOLIS – GITUKLOD SI TALUS. from the Greek myth of the Furies, female
• SICILY – DIRI NAPADULONG SI DAEDALUS. goddesses of vengeance.
• AEGEAN SEA – NAANOD ANG DEAD BODY NI
ICARUS. 10. HALCYON – The English word Halcyon is an
adjective used to describe an idyllically peaceful
and perfect time that occurred in the past. In Greek
TERMINOLOGIES
mythology a Halcyon was a legendary bird that
1. ATLAS – Atlast means a book of maps and it comes made a nest on the ocean. She had the power to
directly from a Greek myth. According to Greek law calm the rough winds and waves.
atlas was a titan who was condemned to carry the
heavens upon his shoulders.
MODULE 4
2. CLOTH – In English the word cloth means a fabric or
material often used for clothing. This has Greek HISTORY OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE: MIDDLE AGES 476
word origin in the story of Clotho the youngest of CE-1400
the three sisters of faith who spun the thread of
• In the Middle Ages, many people were very poor,
life.
and life was tough compared to ancient Greece and
Rome. Most people couldn’t afford education
3. CHAOS – The word chaos means disorder and
(Education was a luxury), and very few could read
randomness it comes from the Greek myth of chaos
or write. Books were very rare and expensive
the void from which all life sprang.
because they had to be copied by hand on
expensive parchment.
4. CHARITY - Charity means the selfless giving of help
to others who are in need. This word comes from
• Producing a single Bible could take up to three
the story of Charis one of the three graces in Greek
years, and in many medieval libraries, books were
mythology the graces were goddess of beauty,
chained to desks to prevent theft. Like in ancient
kindness, life, creativity, and nature.
times, most people’s main form of entertainment
was listening to stories. Local storytellers and
5. CHRONOLOGY - The English word chronology refers
wandering minstrels provided this entertainment.
to the order of events in time it’s also related to
chronic which is generally something that persists
• WHAT STORIES DID THEY RECITE?
for a person’s life span both have Greek word
- Biblical stories, both from the Old and New
origins in the story of Kronos the God of time.
Testaments, were very popular, as were stories
about the lives of saints. These stories were
6. EROTIC – In English erotic means sexual in nature.
used to set examples for young people. Besides
This term comes directly from Eros the Greek god
religious tales, non-religious stories were also
of love and sexual desire.
enjoyed. Romantic tales about legendary
figures like King Arthur and the Knights of the
7. ECHO – An echo is a sound that comes back to you
Round Table, heroes like Roland from France,
because it reverberates of a surface. The word
El Cid from Spain, and Beowulf from the Norse
comes directly from the name of a Greek Nymph,
sagas thrilled both children and adults, much
Echo. The king of the God Zeus became enamored
like in classical times.
with Echo. In a fit of jealousy his wife Hera cursed
Echo to speak only the last words that were spoken
to her.

CREATED BY MARK NATHANIEL B. JAVIER

 ENG152 CHILDREN AND ADOLESENT LITERATURE P1 REVIEWER

• The Dark Ages is a term used to describe the Middle

• Known For:
Ages, from the 5th to the 15th century. It suggests
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (The
that Western Europe experienced a decline in
Ecclesiastical History of the English People)
population, culture, and economy after the fall of
the Roman Empire. This negative view became
• Gained the title "Father of English History" for his
popular because many historical records from that
contributions to recording English history
time were written from a Roman-centric
perspective. Despite this, the period was also
marked by significant events like the Magna Carta,
the Black Death, and the Hundred Years' War, MODULE 5
making it a fascinating and complex era. HISTORY OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE: RENAISSANCE
PERIOD 1400 – 1700
• Rosemary Sutcliff's Dragon Slayer (1976) retells the
old English epic Beowulf. She also retold the legend • Time Period: Around the 1400s
of King Arthur and his knights in The Light Beyond • Era: Renaissance (meaning "rebirth")
the Forest (1976), The Sword and the Circle (1981), • Reason for Name: Seen as a revival of ancient Greek
and The Road to Camlan (1981). Some Arthurian and Roman ideas in literature, philosophy, and
stories have been adapted into modern picture respect for learning
books, such as Selma Hastings' Sir Gawain and the • Key Developments:
Green Knight (1981). • Crusades (11th and 12th centuries): Opened
trading routes to the Far East, bringing wealth and
• Barbara Cooney's picture book, Chanticleer and new ideas to Europe
the Fox (1958), is based on Geoffrey Chaucer’s tale • Rise of Strong Rulers: Established stable kingdoms
and tells the medieval trickster story of Reynard the with written laws
Fox. Many of these exciting narratives are an • Advancements: Trade, industry, and learning
important part of our culture. Our reading progressed
experience is enriched by knowing these stories • Columbus's Voyage (1492): Led to the discovery of
alongside those of biblical figures like Adam and the Americas and the founding of overseas empires,
Eve, Cain and Abel, Noah and the Flood, Jonah and bringing wealth to European kingdoms but at the
the Whale, and the Tower of Babel. expense of native peoples
• Significance: The Renaissance was marked by a
major shift in culture and ideas, influencing many
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE IN MIDDLE
aspects of European life.
AGES

• Religious tales or biblical stories. • Time Period: Around 1450

• Set examples for children for a didactic purpose. • Inventor: Johannes Gutenberg (German)
• Created a mixture of realism and fantasy. • Invention: Movable type printing press
• Romantic tales or legends. • Significance:
• Previous Technology: Similar technology was
originally developed by the Chinese, but Europeans
SAINT BEDE OR THE VENERABLE BEDE made it widely practical
• Impact: Enabled multiple copies of books to be
• Name: Bede (also known as St. Bede or the produced quickly, replacing the slow process of
Venerable Bede) hand-copying
• Effect: Made books more plentiful and affordable,
• Lifespan: 673 to 735 allowed information to spread rapidly, and opened
the door to mass education.
• Occupation: Monk and historian

• Affiliation: Member of the Northumbrian

monasteries at Monkwearmouth and Jarrow

• Location: Spent much of his time at Jarrow, in what

is now Tyne and Wear, England
CREATED BY MARK NATHANIEL B. JAVIER
 ENG152 CHILDREN AND ADOLESENT LITERATURE P1 REVIEWER

• Additional Elements: Included a large cross,

• Early Renaissance:
known as the "Christ Cross Row" or "Chris Cross
Books for Children: Mostly textbooks or
Row," as part of its design
educational books.
• Materials:
Examples:
• Early: Made with vellum (a type of parchment)
• Sir Thomas Elyot’s The Book Named the Governor
• Later: Made with paper
(1531): A book on proper behavior for young
gentlemen. MODULE 6
• Roger Ascham’s The Scholemaster (1570): Another
book on etiquette and education for boys. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE: THE
18TH AND EARLY 19TH CENTURY
• Women: Did not yet have their own books.
• Religious Conflict: The period saw significant strife • Name: John Newbery (1713 to 1767)
between Roman Catholics and Protestants, leading • Significance:
to violence. • Pioneer: First to create books specifically for
• John Foxe’s Book of Martyrs (1563): An Anti- children
Catholic book depicting violent religious • Approach: Reflected changing attitudes towards
persecution; popular among English schoolchildren. children in the 18th century
• Positive Development: • Goal: Aimed to provide entertaining and
• John Comenius’s Orbis Sensualium Pictus (1658): educational materials suited to children's reading
Considered the first children's picture book, levels and interests
designed to teach Latin using illustrations. • Notable Works:
A Little Pretty Pocket-Book (1744): One of the first
children's books designed to both entertain and
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE IN teach
RENAISSANCE PERIOD • Nursery Rhymes (1781): Published the first
collection of nursery rhymes associated with
• Rise of educational books.
Mother Goose
• Promote that mass education.
• Legacy:
• Help to keep interest in traditional tales.
Newbery Medal: Commemorated by this award,
• The printing press made it possible to make
given annually since 1922 by the American Library
multiple copies of books.
Association
• The emphasis was on spiritual and intellectual
development. ________________________________________________
• Emphasized giving lessons in proper behaviors for
• Prior to the 17th and 18th Centuries:
boys.
View of Childhood: Children were seen as small
• Emergence of chapbooks a small ad Cheaply made
adults, with no distinct stage of development.
books containing fairy tale.
• 17th and 18th Centuries:
• Books were too expensive to be used by children so
Shift in Thinking: Adults began to view children
the horn book was created for them around 1550.
differently, recognizing childhood as a separate
It was the first permanent book.
stage of development.
HORNBOOK • John Locke’s Influence: His theories contributed to
the view of childhood as distinct from adulthood.
• Time Period: Late 16th to late 18th century • New Perspective: Children were seen as individuals
• Purpose: A children's primer used for teaching basic who could be taught morals and proper behavior.
literacy • Literature for Children: Authors began writing
• Design: books specifically for children with the aim of
• Structure: A wooden frame shaped like a table teaching them.
tennis paddle, with a handle for hanging
• Protection: The letters were covered with thin, ________________________________________________
transparent plates of horn to protect them
• Content:
Alphabet: Displayed in both uppercase and
lowercase letters

CREATED BY MARK NATHANIEL B. JAVIER

 ENG152 CHILDREN AND ADOLESENT LITERATURE P1 REVIEWER

• John Locke’s Idea: CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE IN 18th AND

Concept: He proposed that young children's minds 19TH CENTURY
are like blank slates.
• Children’s book is more common mainly designed
• Term: Tabula Rasa (Latin for "blank slate")
to instruct with a little entertainment value.
• Meaning: This idea suggests that children start
• Stories ruled that good children were always
without preconceived ideas and can be shaped by
rewarded sometimes with a virtuous death bad
their experiences and education.
children inevitably suffered and were punished.
________________________________________________ • Dramatic changes happen in the book world in the
19th century and many new techniques were tested
• Early 19th Century: on the child’s market.
Didactic Element: Children's books continued to
• Illustration and color printing remake the book and
have a focus on teaching morals.
the text based black and white children’s book of
• Revival of Folk Tales: Alongside moralistic tales, old 1801 to multi color, Multi image books in 1899. Such
folk tales from oral traditions were revived. illustrated covers made books more interesting to
• Key Figures and Works: children and more saleable to parents.
• Charles Perrault (1628–1703):
• Contributions: First translated and published old
folk tales in English.
MODULE 7
• Famous Tales: Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood,
and Sleeping Beauty. HISTORY OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE: THE VICTORIAN
• Mme de Beaumont: ERA/GOLDEN ERA: LATE 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY
• Contributions: Retold numerous fairy tales with a
• Queen Victoria was the British monarch from 1837
moral purpose.
to 1901.
• Famous Tales: Beauty and the Beast and The Three
• Reign: 1837 to 1901
Wishes.
• Title: Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
• Elizabeth Newbery:
and Ireland
• Publication: First children’s edition of Tales from the
• Significance:
Arabian Nights.
• Era: Her reign is known as the Victorian Era.
• Famous Tales: Included stories like Sinbad the Sailor
and Aladdin and His Lamp (published around 1791). • Impact: Marked by significant cultural, industrial,
political, and scientific changes.
________________________________________________ • Legacy: Known for her strict standards of morality
and personal conduct.
• Early 19th Century:
Jacob Grimm (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm ________________________________________________
(1786–1859):
• Early Children's Literature:
• Contributions: Collected and published a large
number of folk tales. • Focus: More on teaching morals than on literary
quality.
• Famous Work: Their collection is still one of the
most famous. • Issue: Books were written to reflect what adults
thought was good for children, not necessarily what
• Influence: Their work inspired other folk tale
children enjoyed.
collectors across Europe.
• Late 19th Century:
_______________________________________________ • Shift: Talented writers began focusing on creating
entertaining stories for children, rather than just
• Other Collectors:
morality tales.
Hans Christian Andersen (Denmark): Collected and
• Outcome: This period is considered the first
wrote folk tales.
"Golden Age" of children's literature.
• Asbjornsen and Moe (Norway): Collected
• Context: Occurred during the reign of Queen
Norwegian folk tales.
Victoria, known as the Victorian Period.
• Popular Collections by the End of the 19th Century:
• Joseph Jacobs: Known for English Fairy Tales. ________________________________________________
• Andrew Lang: Known for The Blue Fairy Book, The
Red Fairy Book, and others.

CREATED BY MARK NATHANIEL B. JAVIER

 ENG152 CHILDREN AND ADOLESENT LITERATURE P1 REVIEWER
• Second Half of the 19th Century:
• Dominant Genres: Adventure stories, school
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE IN
stories, and fantasy.
VICTORIAN ERA LATE 19TH CENTURY TO EARLY 20TH
• Key Authors and Works:
CENTURY
• Robert Louis Stevenson:
• Famous Work: Treasure Island • Rapidly developing technology that made possible
• Details: Serialized in 1881 and published as a book still cheaper books along with high quality HLL color
in 1883; known as the classic pirate story. printing.
• R.M. Ballantyne: • Talented writers started to write entertaining
• Famous Work: The Coral Island stories for children as opposed to morality the tales
• Details: Published in 1875; a survival story inspired began to emerge.
by Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe. • The slow but inexorable rise of the status of women
who have dominated children’s writing from the
________________________________________________ end of the 18th century.
• Fantasy Stories in the First Golden Age: • The growth of widespread educational
Importance: Fantasy was a key genre during this opportunities including mandatory education
period. legislation in both the United States and Great
• Key Authors and Works: Britain creating more readers.
• Lewis Carroll (Charles Dodgson): • Comic strips, children’s magazine, yellow-back,
Famous Works: yellow back literature, domestic or girl’s stories.
• Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)
• Through the Looking-Glass (1871-1872)
• Impact: Abandoned traditional rules for children's
literature; became a part of childhood mythology.
• Illustrator: Sir John Tenniel's black and white
illustrations are iconic.
• J.M. Barrie:
• Famous Work: Peter Pan (1904), later turned into a
prose story Peter and Wendy (1911).
• Impact: Continues to be popular today.
• Kenneth Grahame:
• Famous Work: The Wind in the Willows (1908).
• Impact: One of the most enduring animal fantasies.

________________________________________________

• New Additions to Children's Literature:

• Domestic or Girl's Stories:
• Key Work: Louisa May Alcott's Little Women (1868)
• Impact: Still popular today.
• Improvements in Children's Book Illustrations:
• Innovations: Advances in printing technology.
• Development: Introduction of comic strips in the
Victorian era.
• Dime Novels:
• Time Period: Appeared in the 1860s.
• Description: Early paperbacks sold for 10 cents,
often called "yellowbacks" because of their yellow
covers.
• Children's Magazines:
• Trend: Publications aimed specifically at boys or
girls.

CREATED BY MARK NATHANIEL B. JAVIER